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If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its associated permissions and description."], "comparison_hash": "b11d234b68e61d2174888c8e4b2ff86b042b9bdd383d96ee7ef0e4621f520d44"}, "14": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 14.24"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\dD"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.24/postgresql-14.24.tar.bz2", "label": "14.24", "major": "14", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/14/postgresql-14-A4.pdf", "bytes": 14354704, "pages": 2944, "sha256": "8bc6b9dd7b246888bb77f0a5e8c39a2eae52e9926569832669c7d1600becb27c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/14/postgresql-14-US.pdf", "bytes": 14242178, "pages": 3102, "sha256": "b7ecb5a5f62d8b9f73a69e25a7d26ba285373bc53168a553bff7b77955506db4", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "14", "index": "index.html", "major": "14", "pages": 1158, "release": "14.24", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.24/postgresql-14.24.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "a7fa7ed3d558172355f51406097a7bd4f6b473be80f311ef7cda96bf383d8897"}, "revision": "588700d46356d8837c77c7c0a4e71e645fe6535983b8f1830aa8f2e4e41c40ae", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "a7fa7ed3d558172355f51406097a7bd4f6b473be80f311ef7cda96bf383d8897"}, "signature": "\\dD[S+] [ pattern ]", "description": ["Lists domains. 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If pattern is specified, only domains whose names match the pattern are shown. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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To display only functions of specific type(s), add the corresponding letters a , n , t , or w to the command. If pattern is specified, only functions whose names match the pattern are shown. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. 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To display only functions of specific type(s), add the corresponding letters a , n , p , t , or w to the command. If pattern is specified, only functions whose names match the pattern are shown. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. If the form \\df+ is used, additional information about each function is shown, including volatility, parallel safety, owner, security classification, access privileges, language, source code and description."], "comparison_hash": "2d403d1675aceab1884f6e3c4956ed63d0a2ce22046e145e8414f4293c4aac26"}, "12": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 12.22"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\df"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "label": "12.22", "major": "12", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13424351, "pages": 2803, "sha256": "7422cf53fd1939e7a3d2925231a88b0330e468afa5393627cac0ff86158a0621", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-US.pdf", "bytes": 13322565, "pages": 2958, "sha256": "51f3b04e72907fc38512685946223452ea65f84419c60c66241dfa3396035e77", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "12", "index": "index.html", "major": "12", "pages": 1131, "release": "12.22", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 2, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "revision": "7a827e97cbfacd7febff75f34443e2043e40723de5b6d8c9d81a9430b65a37e4", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "signature": "\\df[anptwS+] [ pattern ]", "description": ["Lists functions, together with their result data types, argument data types, and function types, which are classified as \u201c agg \u201d (aggregate), \u201c normal \u201d , \u201c procedure \u201d , \u201c trigger \u201d , or \u201c window \u201d . To display only functions of specific type(s), add the corresponding letters a , n , p , t , or w to the command. If pattern is specified, only functions whose names match the pattern are shown. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. 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To display only functions of specific type(s), add the corresponding letters a , n , p , t , or w to the command. If pattern is specified, only functions whose names match the pattern are shown. Any additional arguments are type-name patterns, which are matched to the type names of the first, second, and so on arguments of the function. (Matching functions can have more arguments than what you specify. To prevent that, write a dash - as the last arg_pattern .) By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. If the form \\df+ is used, additional information about each function is shown, including volatility, parallel safety, owner, security classification, access privileges, language, internal name (for C and internal functions only), and description. 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To display only functions of specific type(s), add the corresponding letters a , n , p , t , or w to the command. If pattern is specified, only functions whose names match the pattern are shown. Any additional arguments are type-name patterns, which are matched to the type names of the first, second, and so on arguments of the function. (Matching functions can have more arguments than what you specify. To prevent that, write a dash - as the last arg_pattern .) By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. If + is appended to the command name, additional information about each function is shown, including volatility, parallel safety, owner, security classification, whether it is leakproof, access privileges, language, internal name (for C and internal functions only), and description. 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To display only functions of specific type(s), add the corresponding letters a , n , p , t , or w to the command. If pattern is specified, only functions whose names match the pattern are shown. Any additional arguments are type-name patterns, which are matched to the type names of the first, second, and so on arguments of the function. (Matching functions can have more arguments than what you specify. To prevent that, write a dash - as the last arg_pattern .) By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. If + is appended to the command name, additional information about each function is shown, including volatility, parallel safety, owner, security classification, whether it is leakproof, access privileges, language, internal name (for C and internal functions only), and description. 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To display only functions of specific type(s), add the corresponding letters a , n , p , t , or w to the command. If pattern is specified, only functions whose names match the pattern are shown. Any additional arguments are type-name patterns, which are matched to the type names of the first, second, and so on arguments of the function. (Matching functions can have more arguments than what you specify. To prevent that, write a dash - as the last arg_pattern .) By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. If + is appended to the command name, additional information about each function is shown, including volatility, parallel safety, owner, security classification, whether it is leakproof, access privileges, language, internal name (for C and internal functions only), and description. 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If + is appended to the command name, additional information is shown about each role; currently this adds the comment for each role."], "comparison_hash": "20f3eb65412bda65f1e2a161b6fe3e54346b85238e1ca62b2ded159ad5230d9f"}, "20": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 20devel"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\dg"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "label": "20devel", "major": "20", "channel": "devel", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/20/postgresql-20-A4.pdf", "bytes": 16030631, "pages": 3052, "sha256": "bd5d82c0ce38fc18f92a0447818a91a193a261776bca1c37564bf9a683e177d0", "built_at": "2026-09-28"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/20/postgresql-20-US.pdf", "bytes": 15936613, "pages": 3223, "sha256": "d97d9e0db479a02f4234b175f50fcad70c3661619afc8d6df9b9437882e3c299", "built_at": "2026-09-28"}}, "tree": "0", "index": "index.html", "major": "20", "pages": 1156, "release": "20devel", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 6, "source_mode": "en SGML built with pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "4d3346909b201ac1648232cf290462a7070c119326f56196f1f0253ed80fae41", "source_snapshot_utc": "26-Sep-2026 20:22"}, "revision": "2eba5e0fd4c3bffb2803247b6cd537878e9d6ee5a6dfbe3c50ece8b421b80918", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "4d3346909b201ac1648232cf290462a7070c119326f56196f1f0253ed80fae41"}, "signature": "\\dg[Sx+] [ pattern ]", "description": ["Lists database roles. (Since the concepts of \u201c users \u201d and \u201c groups \u201d have been unified into \u201c roles \u201d , this command is now equivalent to \\du .) By default, only user-created roles are shown; supply the S modifier to include system roles. If pattern is specified, only those roles whose names match the pattern are listed. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. If + is appended to the command name, additional information is shown about each role; currently this adds the comment for each role."], "comparison_hash": "20f3eb65412bda65f1e2a161b6fe3e54346b85238e1ca62b2ded159ad5230d9f"}}, "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64-67/?v=18", "cells": [{"major": "10", "state": "present", "label": "Recorded", "title": "PostgreSQL 10.23 \u00b7 Recorded", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64-67/?v=10"}, {"major": "11", "state": "present", "label": "Recorded", "title": "PostgreSQL 11.22 \u00b7 Recorded", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64-67/?v=11"}, {"major": "12", "state": "present", "label": "Recorded", "title": "PostgreSQL 12.22 \u00b7 Recorded", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64-67/?v=12"}, {"major": "13", "state": "present", "label": "Recorded", "title": "PostgreSQL 13.23 \u00b7 Recorded", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64-67/?v=13"}, {"major": "14", "state": "present", "label": "Recorded", "title": "PostgreSQL 14.24 \u00b7 Recorded", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64-67/?v=14"}, {"major": "15", "state": "present", "label": "Recorded", "title": "PostgreSQL 15.19 \u00b7 Recorded", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64-67/?v=15"}, {"major": "16", "state": "present", "label": "Recorded", "title": "PostgreSQL 16.15 \u00b7 Recorded", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64-67/?v=16"}, {"major": "17", "state": "present", "label": "Recorded", "title": "PostgreSQL 17.11 \u00b7 Recorded", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64-67/?v=17"}, {"major": "18", "state": "changed", "label": "Interface or attribute change", "title": "PostgreSQL 18.6 \u00b7 Interface or attribute change", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64-67/?v=18"}, {"major": "19", "state": "present", "label": "Recorded", "title": "PostgreSQL 19beta4 \u00b7 Recorded", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64-67/?v=19"}, {"major": "20", "state": "present", "label": "Recorded", "title": "PostgreSQL 20devel \u00b7 Recorded", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64-67/?v=20"}], "present": true}, {"slug": "cmd-64-69", "name": "\\di", "name_zh": "", "category": "Describe database objects", "summary": "In this group of commands, the letters E , i , m , s , t , and v stand for foreign table, index, materialized view, sequence, table, and view, respectively. You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dit lists indexes and tables. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its physical size on disk and its associated description, if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dit lists indexes and tables. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its physical size on disk and its associated description, if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dit lists indexes and tables. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its physical size on disk and its associated description, if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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If the form \\du+ is used, additional information is shown about each role; currently this adds the comment for each role."], "comparison_hash": "5dd735b5396ae6d2a87be644c591f4c480611db1708c4ebe64e7e93b1cf1217d"}, "14": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 14.24"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\du"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.24/postgresql-14.24.tar.bz2", "label": "14.24", "major": "14", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/14/postgresql-14-A4.pdf", "bytes": 14354704, "pages": 2944, "sha256": "8bc6b9dd7b246888bb77f0a5e8c39a2eae52e9926569832669c7d1600becb27c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/14/postgresql-14-US.pdf", "bytes": 14242178, "pages": 3102, "sha256": "b7ecb5a5f62d8b9f73a69e25a7d26ba285373bc53168a553bff7b77955506db4", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "14", "index": "index.html", "major": "14", "pages": 1158, "release": "14.24", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.24/postgresql-14.24.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "a7fa7ed3d558172355f51406097a7bd4f6b473be80f311ef7cda96bf383d8897"}, "revision": "588700d46356d8837c77c7c0a4e71e645fe6535983b8f1830aa8f2e4e41c40ae", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "a7fa7ed3d558172355f51406097a7bd4f6b473be80f311ef7cda96bf383d8897"}, "signature": "\\du[S+] [ pattern ]", "description": ["Lists database roles. (Since the concepts of \u201c users \u201d and \u201c groups \u201d have been unified into \u201c roles \u201d , this command is now equivalent to \\dg .) By default, only user-created roles are shown; supply the S modifier to include system roles. If pattern is specified, only those roles whose names match the pattern are listed. If the form \\du+ is used, additional information is shown about each role; currently this adds the comment for each role."], "comparison_hash": "5dd735b5396ae6d2a87be644c591f4c480611db1708c4ebe64e7e93b1cf1217d"}, "15": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 15.19"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\du"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.19/postgresql-15.19.tar.bz2", "label": "15.19", "major": "15", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/15/postgresql-15-A4.pdf", "bytes": 14609140, "pages": 2987, "sha256": "66228564a4d16efb47d6a914085716ecfe22ca1566db56bc7c3d82f790646d72", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/15/postgresql-15-US.pdf", "bytes": 14495690, "pages": 3153, "sha256": "645a498c2390d47a6223ec74770631185807a19c484edb0fc5a295d9f460bc02", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "15", "index": "index.html", "major": "15", "pages": 1168, "release": "15.19", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.19/postgresql-15.19.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "e1a64a87a46b825b88c082e4518161a47aab53c45694964f8ba1df28f7859f89"}, "revision": "6af958c6520151fc7697d56e0616b03fb00522c4568158674d452ae0644ba545", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "e1a64a87a46b825b88c082e4518161a47aab53c45694964f8ba1df28f7859f89"}, "signature": "\\du[S+] [ pattern ]", "description": ["Lists database roles. (Since the concepts of \u201c users \u201d and \u201c groups \u201d have been unified into \u201c roles \u201d , this command is now equivalent to \\dg .) By default, only user-created roles are shown; supply the S modifier to include system roles. If pattern is specified, only those roles whose names match the pattern are listed. If the form \\du+ is used, additional information is shown about each role; currently this adds the comment for each role."], "comparison_hash": "5dd735b5396ae6d2a87be644c591f4c480611db1708c4ebe64e7e93b1cf1217d"}, "16": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 16.15"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\du"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.15/postgresql-16.15.tar.bz2", "label": "16.15", "major": "16", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/16/postgresql-16-A4.pdf", "bytes": 15282337, "pages": 3055, "sha256": "4bb6c1f63deedac98736d8c4c7bc0fad0ac24e85b07e21ee10411872f06afd06", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/16/postgresql-16-US.pdf", "bytes": 15164148, "pages": 3220, "sha256": "5b6b6166c89991199e144bb0ae34c17a5f29826251dbf19db1abc0df3a3e771b", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "16", "index": "index.html", "major": "16", "pages": 1169, "release": "16.15", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.15/postgresql-16.15.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "c1575341fa7bd40f5274ea465b34390f4dc64cdd0770af327005caaeb9f6b7ed"}, "revision": "3c21e58b35318021716440e67bb8bafd392b6a2b965a244d90e9e33c99e0bdef", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "c1575341fa7bd40f5274ea465b34390f4dc64cdd0770af327005caaeb9f6b7ed"}, "signature": "\\du[S+] [ pattern ]", "description": ["Lists database roles. (Since the concepts of \u201c users \u201d and \u201c groups \u201d have been unified into \u201c roles \u201d , this command is now equivalent to \\dg .) By default, only user-created roles are shown; supply the S modifier to include system roles. If pattern is specified, only those roles whose names match the pattern are listed. If the form \\du+ is used, additional information is shown about each role; currently this adds the comment for each role."], "comparison_hash": "5dd735b5396ae6d2a87be644c591f4c480611db1708c4ebe64e7e93b1cf1217d"}, "17": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 17.11"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\du"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.11/postgresql-17.11.tar.bz2", "label": "17.11", "major": "17", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/17/postgresql-17-A4.pdf", "bytes": 15521293, "pages": 3099, "sha256": "1991354df0dc89e70ec39328c28988ef8b19c6a93671dab3893650b63e9f4e36", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/17/postgresql-17-US.pdf", "bytes": 15398150, "pages": 3270, "sha256": "07696c8f38abf31babf22d2db337093936e7c472d2af36d050b000c49bbcf52c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "17", "index": "index.html", "major": "17", "pages": 1143, "release": "17.11", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.11/postgresql-17.11.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en SGML built with pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "dd27f2b3c59e73ed14aa3324901242bf69a032a6347805f274e6260322d42979"}, "revision": "58419c9b0dd42cb34c8d53695bb025a7e582edf55ccd4c5bcb1c2c7c71a37487", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "dd27f2b3c59e73ed14aa3324901242bf69a032a6347805f274e6260322d42979"}, "signature": "\\du[S+] [ pattern ]", "description": ["Lists database roles. (Since the concepts of \u201c users \u201d and \u201c groups \u201d have been unified into \u201c roles \u201d , this command is now equivalent to \\dg .) By default, only user-created roles are shown; supply the S modifier to include system roles. If pattern is specified, only those roles whose names match the pattern are listed. 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(Since the concepts of \u201c users \u201d and \u201c groups \u201d have been unified into \u201c roles \u201d , this command is now equivalent to \\dg .) By default, only user-created roles are shown; supply the S modifier to include system roles. If pattern is specified, only those roles whose names match the pattern are listed. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. 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(Since the concepts of \u201c users \u201d and \u201c groups \u201d have been unified into \u201c roles \u201d , this command is now equivalent to \\dg .) By default, only user-created roles are shown; supply the S modifier to include system roles. If pattern is specified, only those roles whose names match the pattern are listed. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dit lists indexes and tables. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its physical size on disk and its associated description, if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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You can specify any or all of these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects of these types. For example, \\dti lists tables and indexes. If x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode. If + is appended to the command name, each object is listed with its persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged), physical size on disk, and associated description if any. If pattern is specified, only objects whose names match the pattern are listed. 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