{"kind": "psql", "major": "18", "item": {"slug": "cmd-64", "name": "\\d", "name_zh": "", "category": "Describe database objects", "summary": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)", "aliases": ["\\d", "\\d+", "\\dS", "\\dS+", "\\dSx", "\\dSx+", "\\dx", "\\dx+"], "content_hash": "502ff20bed90573970a48eb3afe41a56d83f75105bbf432e71a99b324a6807e4", "versions": {"10": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 10.23"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=10", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "S+"}], "title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "Command"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=10", "label": "psql command-line options and complete manual"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v10.23/postgresql-10.23.tar.bz2", "label": "10.23", "major": "10", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/10/postgresql-10-A4.pdf", "bytes": 12631706, "pages": 2591, "sha256": "34497ab9efb45c5bdf1bd11b9016b5451354feb462fa029cf74557a5fa5fbbc1", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/10/postgresql-10-US.pdf", "bytes": 12531684, "pages": 2724, "sha256": "429cc7133ddf4f97c560aa466dc9caea4b718721a8321e293357037cf0af4733", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "10", "index": "index.html", "major": "10", "pages": 1085, "release": "10.23", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v10.23/postgresql-10.23.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 0, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "94a4b2528372458e5662c18d406629266667c437198160a18cdfd2c4a4d6eee9"}, "revision": "f9301feba91e2e2566038a36b8cee0e4402db68989538f88670fddd20b1f78ea", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "94a4b2528372458e5662c18d406629266667c437198160a18cdfd2c4a4d6eee9"}, "sources": [{"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "10.23 English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "sha256": "9e11fe3148cb8c085808f632ed972aa4514332a67758a083a080169101eeb7a4"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)"], "manual_html": "
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n

For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern, show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. (\u201cMatching the pattern\u201d is defined in Patterns below.)

\n

For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables.

\n

The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting.

\n

By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects.

\n
\n

Note

\n

If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure.

\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure."}, "comparison_hash": "d9ed89f096f73f6f84d6d631c8b2bc2fa120b03db6b074db567574c6e60b90c1"}, "11": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 11.22"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=11", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "S+"}], "title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "Command"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=11", "label": "psql command-line options and complete manual"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.22/postgresql-11.22.tar.bz2", "label": "11.22", "major": "11", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13057499, "pages": 2732, "sha256": "41d75855e610d0d9b8802b87dc5b080bef8d7e91c7cf69401fbf8d3cf801b4b5", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-US.pdf", "bytes": 12961189, "pages": 2883, "sha256": "6a8899ef36935a5b7ed2b436207564a567a4ef1eb1c2200195876b8de4d4fa30", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "11", "index": "index.html", "major": "11", "pages": 1125, "release": "11.22", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.22/postgresql-11.22.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 0, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "2cb7c97d7a0d7278851bbc9c61f467b69c094c72b81740b751108e7892ebe1f0"}, "revision": "53315ddaf3b3f9e6669fd1edc096bbb2cd4a65ea3e836c89e542b43af9ba3a7f", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "2cb7c97d7a0d7278851bbc9c61f467b69c094c72b81740b751108e7892ebe1f0"}, "sources": [{"url": "/docs/11/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "11.22 English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "sha256": "32c4d489e91e59715de2f7c3264fcccab3dd1eca54673dbfeac61304b0c54d4d"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)"], "manual_html": "
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n

For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern, show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. (\u201cMatching the pattern\u201d is defined in Patterns below.)

\n

For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables.

\n

The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting.

\n

By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects.

\n
\n

Note

\n

If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure.

\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure."}, "comparison_hash": "d9ed89f096f73f6f84d6d631c8b2bc2fa120b03db6b074db567574c6e60b90c1"}, "12": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 12.22"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=12", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "S+"}], "title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "Command"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=12", "label": "psql command-line options and complete manual"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "label": "12.22", "major": "12", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13424351, "pages": 2803, "sha256": "7422cf53fd1939e7a3d2925231a88b0330e468afa5393627cac0ff86158a0621", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-US.pdf", "bytes": 13322565, "pages": 2958, "sha256": "51f3b04e72907fc38512685946223452ea65f84419c60c66241dfa3396035e77", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "12", "index": "index.html", "major": "12", "pages": 1131, "release": "12.22", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 2, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "revision": "7a827e97cbfacd7febff75f34443e2043e40723de5b6d8c9d81a9430b65a37e4", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "sources": [{"url": "/docs/12/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "12.22 English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "sha256": "a5cec5a456a98610e98d1f1959d96ce57c8413bb392f0f5d6720fc561bb63627"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)"], "manual_html": "
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n

For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern, show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. (\u201cMatching the pattern\u201d is defined in Patterns below.)

\n

For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables.

\n

The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting.

\n

By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects.

\n
\n

Note

\n

If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure.

\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure."}, "comparison_hash": "d9ed89f096f73f6f84d6d631c8b2bc2fa120b03db6b074db567574c6e60b90c1"}, "13": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 13.23"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=13", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "S+"}], "title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "Command"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=13", "label": "psql command-line options and complete manual"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "label": "13.23", "major": "13", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13843239, "pages": 2826, "sha256": "171cc09f90936dbc1cbd503a98ff07ae72ea58ab9771ff051313f1217737799c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-US.pdf", "bytes": 13739572, "pages": 2984, "sha256": "48d09c6e197d9db4220f41afe83efe848a8661b1b168d3b89419751ecaf6c24d", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "13", "index": "index.html", "major": "13", "pages": 1139, "release": "13.23", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "revision": "614ee3133270254e476c118cdf6f72af78d4e4b8bbd9b28ed9ab1e14e4e9c0f6", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "sources": [{"url": "/docs/13/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "13.23 English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "sha256": "30347083b7a58da020d968643e2479d2dfb534191d4493d454603ca53db151b0"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)"], "manual_html": "
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n

For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern, show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. (\u201cMatching the pattern\u201d is defined in Patterns below.)

\n

For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables.

\n

The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting.

\n

By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects.

\n
\n

Note

\n

If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure.

\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure."}, "comparison_hash": "d9ed89f096f73f6f84d6d631c8b2bc2fa120b03db6b074db567574c6e60b90c1"}, "14": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 14.24"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=14", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "S+"}], "title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "Command"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=14", "label": "psql command-line options and complete manual"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.24/postgresql-14.24.tar.bz2", "label": "14.24", "major": "14", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/14/postgresql-14-A4.pdf", "bytes": 14354704, "pages": 2944, "sha256": "8bc6b9dd7b246888bb77f0a5e8c39a2eae52e9926569832669c7d1600becb27c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/14/postgresql-14-US.pdf", "bytes": 14242178, "pages": 3102, "sha256": "b7ecb5a5f62d8b9f73a69e25a7d26ba285373bc53168a553bff7b77955506db4", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "14", "index": "index.html", "major": "14", "pages": 1158, "release": "14.24", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.24/postgresql-14.24.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "a7fa7ed3d558172355f51406097a7bd4f6b473be80f311ef7cda96bf383d8897"}, "revision": "588700d46356d8837c77c7c0a4e71e645fe6535983b8f1830aa8f2e4e41c40ae", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "a7fa7ed3d558172355f51406097a7bd4f6b473be80f311ef7cda96bf383d8897"}, "sources": [{"url": "/docs/14/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "14.24 English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "sha256": "8da20abaee171c53c05658cfb2580dea645070f40bad6b46a845d710ad74c3ae"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)"], "manual_html": "
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n

For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern, show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. (\u201cMatching the pattern\u201d is defined in Patterns below.)

\n

For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables.

\n

The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method.

\n

By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects.

\n
\n

Note

\n

If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure.

\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure."}, "comparison_hash": "fb664d61c1918a75b9df9dcd79cdeab17e8c422a0f1a8883d2ab26aa64098004"}, "15": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 15.19"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=15", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "S+"}], "title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "Command"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=15", "label": "psql command-line options and complete manual"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.19/postgresql-15.19.tar.bz2", "label": "15.19", "major": "15", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/15/postgresql-15-A4.pdf", "bytes": 14609140, "pages": 2987, "sha256": "66228564a4d16efb47d6a914085716ecfe22ca1566db56bc7c3d82f790646d72", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/15/postgresql-15-US.pdf", "bytes": 14495690, "pages": 3153, "sha256": "645a498c2390d47a6223ec74770631185807a19c484edb0fc5a295d9f460bc02", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "15", "index": "index.html", "major": "15", "pages": 1168, "release": "15.19", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.19/postgresql-15.19.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "e1a64a87a46b825b88c082e4518161a47aab53c45694964f8ba1df28f7859f89"}, "revision": "6af958c6520151fc7697d56e0616b03fb00522c4568158674d452ae0644ba545", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "e1a64a87a46b825b88c082e4518161a47aab53c45694964f8ba1df28f7859f89"}, "sources": [{"url": "/docs/15/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "15.19 English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "sha256": "cb07228edb4914a53530afca316fd700a250cc062af2d5a74d24add93afbd0c8"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)"], "manual_html": "
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n

For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern, show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. (\u201cMatching the pattern\u201d is defined in Patterns below.)

\n

For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables.

\n

The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method.

\n

By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects.

\n
\n

Note

\n

If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure.

\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure."}, "comparison_hash": "fb664d61c1918a75b9df9dcd79cdeab17e8c422a0f1a8883d2ab26aa64098004"}, "16": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 16.15"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=16", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "S+"}], "title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "Command"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=16", "label": "psql command-line options and complete manual"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.15/postgresql-16.15.tar.bz2", "label": "16.15", "major": "16", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/16/postgresql-16-A4.pdf", "bytes": 15282337, "pages": 3055, "sha256": "4bb6c1f63deedac98736d8c4c7bc0fad0ac24e85b07e21ee10411872f06afd06", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/16/postgresql-16-US.pdf", "bytes": 15164148, "pages": 3220, "sha256": "5b6b6166c89991199e144bb0ae34c17a5f29826251dbf19db1abc0df3a3e771b", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "16", "index": "index.html", "major": "16", "pages": 1169, "release": "16.15", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.15/postgresql-16.15.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "c1575341fa7bd40f5274ea465b34390f4dc64cdd0770af327005caaeb9f6b7ed"}, "revision": "3c21e58b35318021716440e67bb8bafd392b6a2b965a244d90e9e33c99e0bdef", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "c1575341fa7bd40f5274ea465b34390f4dc64cdd0770af327005caaeb9f6b7ed"}, "sources": [{"url": "/docs/16/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "16.15 English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "sha256": "add25957a1dfc97db721f2958782be186ab90dc0f0a47c4b720b2b6c26172493"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)"], "manual_html": "
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n

For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern, show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. (\u201cMatching the pattern\u201d is defined in Patterns below.)

\n

For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables.

\n

The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method.

\n

By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects.

\n
\n

Note

\n

If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure.

\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure."}, "comparison_hash": "fb664d61c1918a75b9df9dcd79cdeab17e8c422a0f1a8883d2ab26aa64098004"}, "17": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 17.11"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=17", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "S+"}], "title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "Command"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=17", "label": "psql command-line options and complete manual"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.11/postgresql-17.11.tar.bz2", "label": "17.11", "major": "17", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/17/postgresql-17-A4.pdf", "bytes": 15521293, "pages": 3099, "sha256": "1991354df0dc89e70ec39328c28988ef8b19c6a93671dab3893650b63e9f4e36", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/17/postgresql-17-US.pdf", "bytes": 15398150, "pages": 3270, "sha256": "07696c8f38abf31babf22d2db337093936e7c472d2af36d050b000c49bbcf52c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "17", "index": "index.html", "major": "17", "pages": 1143, "release": "17.11", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.11/postgresql-17.11.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en SGML built with pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "dd27f2b3c59e73ed14aa3324901242bf69a032a6347805f274e6260322d42979"}, "revision": "58419c9b0dd42cb34c8d53695bb025a7e582edf55ccd4c5bcb1c2c7c71a37487", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "dd27f2b3c59e73ed14aa3324901242bf69a032a6347805f274e6260322d42979"}, "sources": [{"url": "/docs/17/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "17.11 English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "sha256": "04c77661f1c96a64e91a27313542c34aff0c7d2a94e350ed98c6f9f35700629b"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)"], "manual_html": "
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n

For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern, show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. (\u201cMatching the pattern\u201d is defined in Patterns below.)

\n

For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables.

\n

The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method.

\n

By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects.

\n
\n

Note

\n

If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure.

\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure."}, "comparison_hash": "fb664d61c1918a75b9df9dcd79cdeab17e8c422a0f1a8883d2ab26aa64098004"}, "18": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 18.6"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=18", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "Command"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=18", "label": "psql command-line options and complete manual"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.6/postgresql-18.6.tar.bz2", "label": "18.6", "major": "18", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/18/postgresql-18-A4.pdf", "bytes": 15865106, "pages": 3154, "sha256": "19512c405da53f9f7fcf0abba359223aa65f021be025bf3411381918f92e3190", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/18/postgresql-18-US.pdf", "bytes": 15748059, "pages": 3328, "sha256": "facbe6c229e598b872d3d98bef53308f46e06746006fa4590de9a7de9dd46319", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "18", "index": "index.html", "major": "18", "pages": 1148, "release": "18.6", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.6/postgresql-18.6.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en SGML built with pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "555610c24d53e4316da5b7d3fc25c279d96856d5e0e23ee308c328c5fa881d9f"}, "revision": "ee8d1a3612338fd9adf250730cb640fcc5233b5491337cc00a316a44e3a0b9f8", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "555610c24d53e4316da5b7d3fc25c279d96856d5e0e23ee308c328c5fa881d9f"}, "sources": [{"url": "/docs/18/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "18.6 English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "sha256": "fa2a1d39294b8854318e82e93f71272c645ed88150ecc2786c28902c3f32782c"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "signature": "\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)"], "manual_html": "
\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n

For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern, show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. (\u201cMatching the pattern\u201d is defined in Patterns below.)

\n

For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables.

\n

The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method.

\n

By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects.

\n
\n

Note

\n

If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure.

\n

As with many other commands, if x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \\d is used without a pattern argument, and the x modifier cannot appear immediately after the \\d (because \\dx is a different command); the x modifier may only appear after an S or + modifier. For example, \\d+x is equivalent to \\dtvmsE+x and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode.

\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "signature": "\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure. As with many other commands, if x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \\d is used without a pattern argument, and the x modifier cannot appear immediately after the \\d (because \\dx is a different command); the x modifier may only appear after an S or + modifier. For example, \\d+x is equivalent to \\dtvmsE+x and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode."}, "comparison_hash": "6ae2a701bc740560cd1479bd276f943a7351d1e16f9acba5592f15c17649c653"}, "19": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 19beta4"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=19", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "Command"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=19", "label": "psql command-line options and complete manual"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19beta4/postgresql-19beta4.tar.bz2", "label": "19beta4", "major": "19", "channel": "preview", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/19/postgresql-19-A4.pdf", "bytes": 16064841, "pages": 3052, "sha256": "4dd099e4125c591128fc5f3ebd02178dc24781f9e5ae629f96d67c4c8547427b", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/19/postgresql-19-US.pdf", "bytes": 15974616, "pages": 3225, "sha256": "61971fa857f0956d47341a0388fa6af9ae10acf691d4b2fc009007d384b0342b", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "19", "index": "index.html", "major": "19", "pages": 1155, "release": "19beta4", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19beta4/postgresql-19beta4.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 5, "source_mode": "en SGML built with pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "83157ee9c599d03b2f7a3d73ef3a56ec24e0e79cc2b3501a64d1364f56398c86"}, "revision": "1bbbbf4133d426f0e4304010688d2984c30fb67df0cc3a61b3e37eb3f6f37833", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "83157ee9c599d03b2f7a3d73ef3a56ec24e0e79cc2b3501a64d1364f56398c86"}, "sources": [{"url": "/docs/19/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "19beta4 English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "sha256": "312975c12d6e4d62aeebcb5e98e7ca795c6d07ecb743b4bc64403dc42bc2a6e9"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "signature": "\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated objects, such as indexes, constraints, rules, triggers, and publications, are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)"], "manual_html": "
\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n

For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern, show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated objects, such as indexes, constraints, rules, triggers, and publications, are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. (\u201cMatching the pattern\u201d is defined in Patterns below.)

\n

For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables.

\n

The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: for example, any comments associated with the columns of the table, the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method.

\n

By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects.

\n
\n

Note

\n

If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure.

\n

As with many other commands, if x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \\d is used without a pattern argument, and the x modifier cannot appear immediately after the \\d (because \\dx is a different command); the x modifier may only appear after an S or + modifier. For example, \\d+x is equivalent to \\dtvmsE+x and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode.

\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "signature": "\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated objects, such as indexes, constraints, rules, triggers, and publications, are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: for example, any comments associated with the columns of the table, the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure. As with many other commands, if x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \\d is used without a pattern argument, and the x modifier cannot appear immediately after the \\d (because \\dx is a different command); the x modifier may only appear after an S or + modifier. For example, \\d+x is equivalent to \\dtvmsE+x and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode."}, "comparison_hash": "966318696639f00fcf00c41a118bfc83cf6a9d7a29138cc4f8c3938dcfd69696"}, "20": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 20devel"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=20", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "Command"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=20", "label": "psql command-line options and complete manual"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "label": "20devel", "major": "20", "channel": "devel", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/20/postgresql-20-A4.pdf", "bytes": 16030631, "pages": 3052, "sha256": "bd5d82c0ce38fc18f92a0447818a91a193a261776bca1c37564bf9a683e177d0", "built_at": "2026-09-28"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/20/postgresql-20-US.pdf", "bytes": 15936613, "pages": 3223, "sha256": "d97d9e0db479a02f4234b175f50fcad70c3661619afc8d6df9b9437882e3c299", "built_at": "2026-09-28"}}, "tree": "0", "index": "index.html", "major": "20", "pages": 1156, "release": "20devel", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 6, "source_mode": "en SGML built with pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "4d3346909b201ac1648232cf290462a7070c119326f56196f1f0253ed80fae41", "source_snapshot_utc": "26-Sep-2026 20:22"}, "revision": "2eba5e0fd4c3bffb2803247b6cd537878e9d6ee5a6dfbe3c50ece8b421b80918", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "4d3346909b201ac1648232cf290462a7070c119326f56196f1f0253ed80fae41"}, "sources": [{"url": "/docs/devel/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "20devel English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "sha256": "6df5f6fbaff7800ae0e4a08a3116090d890a0cdcc02fddc31c1f220725905f87"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "signature": "\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated objects, such as indexes, constraints, rules, triggers, and publications, are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)"], "manual_html": "
\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n

For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern, show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated objects, such as indexes, constraints, rules, triggers, and publications, are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. (\u201cMatching the pattern\u201d is defined in Patterns below.)

\n

For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables.

\n

The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: for example, any comments associated with the columns of the table, the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method.

\n

By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects.

\n
\n

Note

\n

If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure.

\n

As with many other commands, if x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \\d is used without a pattern argument, and the x modifier cannot appear immediately after the \\d (because \\dx is a different command); the x modifier may only appear after an S or + modifier. For example, \\d+x is equivalent to \\dtvmsE+x and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode.

\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "signature": "\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated objects, such as indexes, constraints, rules, triggers, and publications, are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: for example, any comments associated with the columns of the table, the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure. As with many other commands, if x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \\d is used without a pattern argument, and the x modifier cannot appear immediately after the \\d (because \\dx is a different command); the x modifier may only appear after an S or + modifier. For example, \\d+x is equivalent to \\dtvmsE+x and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode."}, "comparison_hash": "966318696639f00fcf00c41a118bfc83cf6a9d7a29138cc4f8c3938dcfd69696"}}}, "snapshot": {"facts": [{"label": "Client", "value": "psql 18.6"}, {"label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=18", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "Command"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=18", "label": "psql command-line options and complete manual"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.6/postgresql-18.6.tar.bz2", "label": "18.6", "major": "18", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/18/postgresql-18-A4.pdf", "bytes": 15865106, "pages": 3154, "sha256": "19512c405da53f9f7fcf0abba359223aa65f021be025bf3411381918f92e3190", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/18/postgresql-18-US.pdf", "bytes": 15748059, "pages": 3328, "sha256": "facbe6c229e598b872d3d98bef53308f46e06746006fa4590de9a7de9dd46319", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "18", "index": "index.html", "major": "18", "pages": 1148, "release": "18.6", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.6/postgresql-18.6.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en SGML built with pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "555610c24d53e4316da5b7d3fc25c279d96856d5e0e23ee308c328c5fa881d9f"}, "revision": "ee8d1a3612338fd9adf250730cb640fcc5233b5491337cc00a316a44e3a0b9f8", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "555610c24d53e4316da5b7d3fc25c279d96856d5e0e23ee308c328c5fa881d9f"}, "sources": [{"url": "/docs/18/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "18.6 English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "sha256": "fa2a1d39294b8854318e82e93f71272c645ed88150ecc2786c28902c3f32782c"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "signature": "\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)"], "manual_html": "
\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n

For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern, show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. (\u201cMatching the pattern\u201d is defined in Patterns below.)

\n

For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables.

\n

The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method.

\n

By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects.

\n
\n

Note

\n

If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure.

\n

As with many other commands, if x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \\d is used without a pattern argument, and the x modifier cannot appear immediately after the \\d (because \\dx is a different command); the x modifier may only appear after an S or + modifier. For example, \\d+x is equivalent to \\dtvmsE+x and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode.

\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "signature": "\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure. As with many other commands, if x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \\d is used without a pattern argument, and the x modifier cannot appear immediately after the \\d (because \\dx is a different command); the x modifier may only appear after an S or + modifier. For example, \\d+x is equivalent to \\dtvmsE+x and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode."}, "comparison_hash": "6ae2a701bc740560cd1479bd276f943a7351d1e16f9acba5592f15c17649c653"}, "comparison": {"left": "17", "right": "18", "status": "changed", "diff": "--- PostgreSQL 17\n+++ PostgreSQL 18\n@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@\n {\n- \"definition\": \"For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\\\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\\\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\\\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\\\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure.\",\n+ \"definition\": \"For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\\\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\\\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\\\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\\\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure. As with many other commands, if x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \\\\d is used without a pattern argument, and the x modifier cannot appear immediately after the \\\\d (because \\\\dx is a different command); the x modifier may only appear after an S or + modifier. For example, \\\\d+x is equivalent to \\\\dtvmsE+x and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode.\",\n \"modifiers\": [\n {\n \"command\": \"\\\\d\",\n- \"modifiers\": \"S+\"\n+ \"modifiers\": \"Sx+\"\n }\n ],\n- \"signature\": \"\\\\d[S+] [ pattern ]\",\n+ \"signature\": \"\\\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]\",\n \"spellings\": [\n \"\\\\d\"\n ]"}}