{"Entry":{"collection":"sqlstate","key":"2203F","name":"2203F","aliases":[],"metadata":{"aliases":[],"case_count":0,"class_code":"22","condition_name":"sql_json_scalar_required","condition_names":["sql_json_scalar_required"],"content_hash":"64b013094c6226c5b14f487198975185eaea01810e0c098115836997950c4a44","depth":"reference","editorial_review":"reviewed","evidence_tier":"source_path_confirmed","imported_at":"2026-09-30T17:45:27.12648+08:00","introduced":null,"known_present_by":"12.0","macros":["ERRCODE_SQL_JSON_SCALAR_REQUIRED"],"name_zh":"","present_in":["12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19"],"preview_in":["19"],"primary_macro":"ERRCODE_SQL_JSON_SCALAR_REQUIRED","removed":null,"runtime_verification":"not_run","severity_classes":["E"],"snippet_count":0,"source_rev":"english-manuals:f785a0bb8848c85bc5bd05f28f701eb7ba9abd7002c0fd32376d486d8243b326","sqlstate":"2203F","status":"active","summary_zh":"JSON_VALUE 要求标量，收到的项不是标量。"}},"Definition":{"Collection":"sqlstate","Key":"2203F","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"18","SourceTable":"sqlstate","SourceKey":"2203F","SourceRevision":"english-manuals:f785a0bb8848c85bc5bd05f28f701eb7ba9abd7002c0fd32376d486d8243b326","Facts":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Data Exception","condition_name":"sql_json_scalar_required","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"2203F"},"ManualEvidence":{"doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"}},"MeasuredEvidence":{}},"Text":{"Collection":"sqlstate","Key":"2203F","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"","Locale":"en","Title":"2203F — sql_json_scalar_required","Summary":"A JSON_VALUE operation received one item, but that item was not a scalar. Multiple items are handled earlier as 22034; empty results are handled by the empty/ON EMPTY path.","BodyHTML":"\u003ch1\u003e2203F\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAt a glance {#at-a-glance}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA JSON_VALUE operation received one item, but that item was not a scalar. Multiple items are handled earlier as 22034; empty results are handled by the empty/ON EMPTY path.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMessages {#messages}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe fixed JSON_VALUE scalar guard uses these primary forms:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e| Context | Primary |\n| --- | --- |\n| JSON_VALUE mapped to a named column | \u003ccode\u003eJSON path expression for column \u0026#34;%s\u0026#34; must return single scalar item\u003c/code\u003e |\n| Standalone JSON_VALUE | \u003ccode\u003eJSON path expression in JSON_VALUE must return single scalar item\u003c/code\u003e |\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMeaning {#meaning}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eJsonPathValue\u003c/code\u003e first executes the path and marks an empty result. More than one item is the separate 22034 cardinality branch. With exactly one item, it unwraps a scalar JSON container if needed and then requires a JSON scalar; an object or array reaches 2203F. When the caller supplies an error pointer for ON ERROR handling, the function sets the error flag and returns NULL rather than throwing. The ordinary ERROR path reports the column-aware or column-less primary shown above.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDiagnosis {#diagnosis}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCheck the JSON_VALUE path result count and the selected item type. An empty result, several items, or a non-scalar single item has a different branch and response. Inspect the column mapping and ON EMPTY/ON ERROR clauses before changing the source JSON, and distinguish JSON_QUERY\u0026#39;s wrapper semantics from JSON_VALUE\u0026#39;s scalar requirement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResponse {#response}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMake the path resolve to one scalar, change the SQL/JSON operation when an object or array is intended, or configure the documented empty/error behavior for expected absence. Do not add a wrapper to JSON_VALUE to make a collection scalar. If an ERROR occurred in an explicit transaction, roll back or roll back to the existing savepoint before retrying; autocommit can retry the corrected action.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eVersions {#versions}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe locked catalogue records this condition from 12.0; the fixed JSON_VALUE cardinality and scalar checks are PostgreSQL 18.6. No natural runtime observation is claimed for this page.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eRelated {#related}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/22034/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e22034\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/22035/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e22035\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/22036/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e22036\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSources {#sources}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe complete JSON_VALUE empty, multiple-item, scalar, and ON ERROR pointer branches are \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c#L3991\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ejsonpath_exec.c#L3991-4067\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. The structured \u003ca href=\"#sources\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eevidence record\u003c/a\u003e binds the 22034 boundary and both 2203F primaries; no natural runtime was run.\u003c/p\u003e\n","SourceRevision":"english-manuals:f785a0bb8848c85bc5bd05f28f701eb7ba9abd7002c0fd32376d486d8243b326","ContentHash":"ca7b06a5b4153ca6074cdffd893bec3847d6e10bac2a130edce592bd88f7c105","Payload":{"body_md":"# 2203F\n\n## At a glance {#at-a-glance}\nA JSON_VALUE operation received one item, but that item was not a scalar. Multiple items are handled earlier as 22034; empty results are handled by the empty/ON EMPTY path.\n\n\n## Messages {#messages}\nThe fixed JSON_VALUE scalar guard uses these primary forms:\n\n| Context | Primary |\n| --- | --- |\n| JSON_VALUE mapped to a named column | `JSON path expression for column \"%s\" must return single scalar item` |\n| Standalone JSON_VALUE | `JSON path expression in JSON_VALUE must return single scalar item` |\n\n## Meaning {#meaning}\n`JsonPathValue` first executes the path and marks an empty result. More than one item is the separate 22034 cardinality branch. With exactly one item, it unwraps a scalar JSON container if needed and then requires a JSON scalar; an object or array reaches 2203F. When the caller supplies an error pointer for ON ERROR handling, the function sets the error flag and returns NULL rather than throwing. The ordinary ERROR path reports the column-aware or column-less primary shown above.\n\n## Diagnosis {#diagnosis}\nCheck the JSON_VALUE path result count and the selected item type. An empty result, several items, or a non-scalar single item has a different branch and response. Inspect the column mapping and ON EMPTY/ON ERROR clauses before changing the source JSON, and distinguish JSON_QUERY's wrapper semantics from JSON_VALUE's scalar requirement.\n\n## Response {#response}\nMake the path resolve to one scalar, change the SQL/JSON operation when an object or array is intended, or configure the documented empty/error behavior for expected absence. Do not add a wrapper to JSON_VALUE to make a collection scalar. If an ERROR occurred in an explicit transaction, roll back or roll back to the existing savepoint before retrying; autocommit can retry the corrected action.\n\n## Versions {#versions}\nThe locked catalogue records this condition from 12.0; the fixed JSON_VALUE cardinality and scalar checks are PostgreSQL 18.6. No natural runtime observation is claimed for this page.\n\n## Related {#related}\n[`22034`](/wiki/sqlstate/22034/), [`22035`](/wiki/sqlstate/22035/), [`22036`](/wiki/sqlstate/22036/)\n\n## Sources {#sources}\nThe complete JSON_VALUE empty, multiple-item, scalar, and ON ERROR pointer branches are [`jsonpath_exec.c#L3991-4067`](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c#L3991). The structured [evidence record](#sources) binds the 22034 boundary and both 2203F primaries; no natural runtime was run.\n\n","description":"Source-backed reference for PostgreSQL SQLSTATE 2203F.","is_stale":false,"name":"","sections":[{"anchor":"","heading":"","html":"\u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;2203F\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;"},{"anchor":"at-a-glance","heading":"At a glance","html":"\u003cp\u003eA JSON_VALUE operation received one item, but that item was not a scalar. Multiple items are handled earlier as 22034; empty results are handled by the empty/ON EMPTY path.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"messages","heading":"Messages","html":"\u003cp\u003eThe fixed JSON_VALUE scalar guard uses these primary forms:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eContext\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePrimary\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eJSON_VALUE mapped to a named column\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eJSON path expression for column \"%s\" must return single scalar item\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStandalone JSON_VALUE\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eJSON path expression in JSON_VALUE must return single scalar item\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"anchor":"meaning","heading":"Meaning","html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eJsonPathValue\u003c/code\u003e first executes the path and marks an empty result. More than one item is the separate 22034 cardinality branch. With exactly one item, it unwraps a scalar JSON container if needed and then requires a JSON scalar; an object or array reaches 2203F. When the caller supplies an error pointer for ON ERROR handling, the function sets the error flag and returns NULL rather than throwing. The ordinary ERROR path reports the column-aware or column-less primary shown above.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"diagnosis","heading":"Diagnosis","html":"\u003cp\u003eCheck the JSON_VALUE path result count and the selected item type. An empty result, several items, or a non-scalar single item has a different branch and response. Inspect the column mapping and ON EMPTY/ON ERROR clauses before changing the source JSON, and distinguish JSON_QUERY's wrapper semantics from JSON_VALUE's scalar requirement.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"response","heading":"Response","html":"\u003cp\u003eMake the path resolve to one scalar, change the SQL/JSON operation when an object or array is intended, or configure the documented empty/error behavior for expected absence. Do not add a wrapper to JSON_VALUE to make a collection scalar. If an ERROR occurred in an explicit transaction, roll back or roll back to the existing savepoint before retrying; autocommit can retry the corrected action.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"versions","heading":"Versions","html":"\u003cp\u003eThe locked catalogue records this condition from 12.0; the fixed JSON_VALUE cardinality and scalar checks are PostgreSQL 18.6. No natural runtime observation is claimed for this page.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"related","heading":"Related","html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/22034/\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e22034\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/22035/\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e22035\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/22036/\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e22036\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"sources","heading":"Sources","html":"\u003cp\u003eThe complete JSON_VALUE empty, multiple-item, scalar, and ON ERROR pointer branches are \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c#L3991\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ejsonpath_exec.c#L3991-4067\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. The structured \u003ca href=\"#sources\"\u003eevidence record\u003c/a\u003e binds the 22034 boundary and both 2203F primaries; no natural runtime was run.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"summary":"A JSON_VALUE operation received one item, but that item was not a scalar. Multiple items are handled earlier as 22034; empty results are handled by the empty/ON EMPTY path.","title":"2203F — sql_json_scalar_required","translation_source_rev":"0d2a9def152d40fd3a6fbafb88bec141435a76aaadc4e87c7fc0b6fbebf53bfc"}},"RequestedLocale":"en","Fallback":false,"Versions":["12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20"],"Locales":["en","zh-Hans"],"Signatures":null,"Spellings":null,"SQLState":{"aliases":[],"catalogue_notes":{"earliest_observed":"12.0","formal_scope":"9.0.0..18.6","latest_observed":"18.6","matrix_scope":["9.0.23","9.1.24","9.2.24","9.3.25","9.4.26","9.5.25","9.6.24","10.23","11.22","12.22","13.23","14.24","15.19","16.15","17.11","18.6"],"pre9_scope":{"formal_tag_count":191,"maximum_release":"8.4.22","minimum_release":"7.0.0","source_definition_count":153,"source_doc_count":153,"source_file_count":306,"source_scope":"7.4..8.4 definition files; 7.0..7.3 candidate-path source gap probes","source_tag_count":153},"pre9_status":"not_observed","preview_scope":["19beta3"]},"class":"22","class_name":"Data Exception","condition_name":"sql_json_scalar_required","condition_names":["sql_json_scalar_required"],"definition_changes":[],"english_manuals":{"12":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Data Exception","condition_name":"sql_json_scalar_required","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"1444bd6a138537cd75be88a220ee9472ac528f0cfc58758e49636d85455efe98","slug":"12"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"2203F"},"13":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Data Exception","condition_name":"sql_json_scalar_required","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"4a3ef8af218e5736dfde8660ba609e84233b6b3bac7e0210ff8724cf1b27b2db","slug":"13"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"2203F"},"14":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Data Exception","condition_name":"sql_json_scalar_required","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"1c12e83304e0f4ff64c9d98ca5e3007df6756932ed19867a4fa0e0650f6c5751","slug":"14"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"2203F"},"15":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Data Exception","condition_name":"sql_json_scalar_required","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"2161f58f6e87f6535b3b1f3d4661427bb6765f4f6b074fcc16fac97594b50599","slug":"15"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"2203F"},"16":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Data Exception","condition_name":"sql_json_scalar_required","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"928e705933d7c3d018ae3fba9d800b34e6325746d157339dce878473c519d100","slug":"16"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"2203F"},"17":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Data Exception","condition_name":"sql_json_scalar_required","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"868135520af87351e3ea1ba42656111cbd2d157d98e1fef05ea158ac5729d8b1","slug":"17"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"2203F"},"18":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Data Exception","condition_name":"sql_json_scalar_required","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"2203F"},"19":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Data Exception","condition_name":"sql_json_scalar_required","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"63fb8d1aa9f494eeab9d0f8542a2b673f7746ee41ae2689d19403cb3cc425a5c","slug":"19"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"2203F"},"20":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Data Exception","condition_name":"sql_json_scalar_required","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"0d3f602127cd137cf343b32d5fa78f175eeb6cdcb6353b1f6f998ede6cb7b911","slug":"devel"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"2203F"}},"history_boundary":{"earliest_observed":"12.0","formal_tag_count":351,"gaps":[{"after":"18.6","before":"18.4","reason":"Non-adjacent release tags or a source gap; no removal is inferred."}],"latest_observed":"18.6","pre_range":{"first_observed":null,"known_lower_bound":null,"last_observed":null,"notes":"No occurrence was observed in the locked 7.4..8.4 definition files. 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