{"Entry":{"collection":"sqlstate","key":"42601","name":"42601","aliases":[],"metadata":{"aliases":[],"case_count":1,"class_code":"42","condition_name":"syntax_error","condition_names":["syntax_error"],"content_hash":"3598f4cd2fa69e12d621e42d4065161968dbd99f78bc12053fbbc409fd852751","depth":"full","editorial_review":"reviewed","evidence_tier":"observed_runtime","imported_at":"2026-09-30T17:45:27.520201+08:00","introduced":null,"known_present_by":"7.4","macros":["ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR"],"name_zh":"语法错误","present_in":["9.0","9.1","9.2","9.3","9.4","9.5","9.6","10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19"],"preview_in":["19"],"primary_macro":"ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR","removed":null,"runtime_verification":"passed","severity_classes":["E"],"snippet_count":1,"source_rev":"english-manuals:89a3a188a94978d0c564bbd90d235b44e83ff044af019d3a5eb8762e277af58d","sqlstate":"42601","status":"active","summary_zh":"SQL 语句存在语法错误，解析器拒绝执行。"}},"Definition":{"Collection":"sqlstate","Key":"42601","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"18","SourceTable":"sqlstate","SourceKey":"42601","SourceRevision":"english-manuals:89a3a188a94978d0c564bbd90d235b44e83ff044af019d3a5eb8762e277af58d","Facts":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"syntax_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42601"},"ManualEvidence":{"doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"}},"MeasuredEvidence":{}},"Text":{"Collection":"sqlstate","Key":"42601","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"","Locale":"en","Title":"42601 — syntax_error","Summary":"SQLSTATE 42601 is syntax_error in Class 42. 42601 is a syntax error. The selected parser path rejects LIMIT 1, 2 with primary LIMIT #,# syntax is not supported and hint Use separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.","BodyHTML":"\u003ch1\u003e42601\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAt a glance {#at-a-glance}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSQLSTATE \u003ccode\u003e42601\u003c/code\u003e is \u003cstrong\u003esyntax_error\u003c/strong\u003e in Class \u003ccode\u003e42\u003c/code\u003e. \u003ccode\u003e42601\u003c/code\u003e is a syntax error. The selected parser path rejects \u003ccode\u003eLIMIT 1, 2\u003c/code\u003e with primary \u003ccode\u003eLIMIT #,# syntax is not supported\u003c/code\u003e and hint \u003ccode\u003eUse separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMeaning {#meaning}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42601\u003c/code\u003e is a syntax error. In the selected \u003ccode\u003egram.y\u003c/code\u003e action, the comma form is rejected during parsing with the \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e primary \u003ccode\u003eLIMIT #,# syntax is not supported\u003c/code\u003e and hint \u003ccode\u003eUse separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.\u003c/code\u003e The comma form is therefore not a request for “offset 1, then take 2” in PostgreSQL; the two values must be written as separate clauses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe scanner and grammar share a general 42601 path. \u003ccode\u003escanner_yyerror\u003c/code\u003e sets the SQLSTATE and reports either \u003ccode\u003esyntax error at or near \u0026#34;%s\u0026#34;\u003c/code\u003e for the current token or \u003ccode\u003esyntax error at end of input\u003c/code\u003e when the scanner is at the buffer end, with a lexer position. Grammar actions can supply a more specific message through the same formatter. The selected LIMIT branch is one producer among these parser and scanner branches, not a requirement for every \u003ccode\u003e42601\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDiagnosis {#diagnosis}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCapture the exact statement, parser position, server version, and hint. For \u003ccode\u003eat or near\u003c/code\u003e, inspect the token named by \u003ccode\u003ePOSITION\u003c/code\u003e and the text immediately before it; for \u003ccode\u003eat end of input\u003c/code\u003e, check an unclosed quote, dollar-quote, parenthesis, comment, or generated clause. Preserve the exact bytes sent by the query builder, including delimiters and substituted fragments, and replay that statement through the server parser before changing semantics. The parser rejects this grammar before execution, so the selected autocommit session remains \u003ccode\u003eIDLE\u003c/code\u003e and no rows are produced by the failed statement. In an explicit transaction, the same statement-level \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e leaves the transaction in its failed state until \u003ccode\u003eROLLBACK\u003c/code\u003e or an appropriate savepoint action; that is a different session boundary from the selected autocommit observation. Do not confuse a grammar error with an undefined object or a feature recognized but unsupported in its context.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResponse {#response}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRewrite the statement using the grammar named by the hint. For the selected ordered three-row query, \u003ccode\u003eLIMIT 1, 2\u003c/code\u003e becomes \u003ccode\u003eLIMIT 2 OFFSET 1\u003c/code\u003e and returns rows \u003ccode\u003e[2, 3]\u003c/code\u003e; \u003ccode\u003eLIMIT 1 OFFSET 0\u003c/code\u003e would be a different result and is not an equivalent repair. Keep query builders version-aware when they emit dialect-specific pagination.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a generic scanner error, repair the missing or misplaced token, quote, comment delimiter, or query-builder fragment identified by the position, then parse the complete statement again. Do not apply the LIMIT rewrite to a different 42601 message merely because it shares the SQLSTATE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMessages {#messages}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe selected parser branch raises an explicit \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e with primary \u003ccode\u003eLIMIT #,# syntax is not supported\u003c/code\u003e and HINT \u003ccode\u003eUse separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.\u003c/code\u003e The scanner\u0026#39;s generic fixed branches use \u003ccode\u003esyntax error at or near \u0026#34;%s\u0026#34;\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003esyntax error at end of input\u003c/code\u003e, with the position generated from the lexer. The LIMIT primary/HINT identify the selected pagination subpath; a client exception without the server SQLSTATE and the diagnostics for the specific branch is not sufficient to identify that subpath, while other valid 42601 producers may have different primaries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eRepresentative case {#case}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe page uses the same statements as the runner registry. Generated names such as \u003ccode\u003esyntax_schema\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003esyntax_role\u003c/code\u003e are replaced by disposable runner values when executed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003eSELECT n FROM generate_series(1, 3) AS s(n) ORDER BY n LIMIT 1, 2;\nSELECT n FROM generate_series(1, 3) AS s(n) ORDER BY n LIMIT 2 OFFSET 1;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe selected 18.6 run reports the structured diagnostic and passes the repair assertions; the 10.21 run passes the same case-specific checks. The downloadable case and evidence projections are \u003ca href=\"#cases\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42601 case JSON\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"#sources\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eauthored evidence\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. The runner manifest is \u003ccode\u003everify/cases/42601/cases.json\u003c/code\u003e, and the page SQL is checked against its shared registry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eVersions {#versions}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe selected natural runtime scope is PostgreSQL 18.6 and 10.21; it does not infer behavior for every intermediate release.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eRelated {#related}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/42602/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42602\u003c/code\u003e — invalid_name\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/42703/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42703\u003c/code\u003e — undefined_column\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSources {#sources}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.errcodes.18.6\u003c/code\u003e — fixed \u003ccode\u003eerrcodes.txt\u003c/code\u003e definition at commit \u003ccode\u003e724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7\u003c/code\u003e; SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003esource\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.limit-comma.18.6\u003c/code\u003e — \u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/parser/gram.y\u003c/code\u003e at \u003ccode\u003eREL_18_6\u003c/code\u003e commit \u003ccode\u003e724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7\u003c/code\u003e; fixed blob SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e7e548b673a1e03eb3a56c5eb9ad92d8e11095fac76e14cb258ca851f58274724\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/gram.y#L13313-L13317\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003esource\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.limit-comma.10.23\u003c/code\u003e — \u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/parser/gram.y\u003c/code\u003e at \u003ccode\u003eREL_10_23\u003c/code\u003e commit \u003ccode\u003e02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4\u003c/code\u003e; fixed blob SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003ecebad6a5a2bdf68e9e5a4d2e04fa7f5dbf37efac99f5edb73cc661dae1536bad\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4/src/backend/parser/gram.y#L11200-L11204\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003esource\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.scanner-syntax.18.6\u003c/code\u003e / \u003ccode\u003esrc.scanner-syntax.10.23\u003c/code\u003e — fixed \u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/parser/scan.l\u003c/code\u003e \u003ccode\u003escanner_yyerror\u003c/code\u003e branches for \u003ccode\u003eat end of input\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eat or near\u003c/code\u003e; blob SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003ebf453f1ae3c22b84fea6f8e8bed4fda476b7cfa49b234efbf92ca228234d0293\u003c/code\u003e / \u003ccode\u003ea006581a25c659d59b29837010617503ff431f881e3cf0b54a99aa1cc445fe6c\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/scan.l#L1228-L1240\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e18.6 source\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4/src/backend/parser/scan.l#L1115-L1127\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e10.23 source\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.calls.REL_18_6\u003c/code\u003e / \u003ccode\u003esrc.calls.REL_10_23\u003c/code\u003e — fixed call scans, SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf\u003c/code\u003e / \u003ccode\u003e00d16d3eb01b71ccf1b245c8f3102f9d0ec9f36fb02777b8dd1b99fcb263040c\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n","SourceRevision":"english-manuals:89a3a188a94978d0c564bbd90d235b44e83ff044af019d3a5eb8762e277af58d","ContentHash":"bebebb1ea1ff324cf5e49b6f172b65ebc221ce89efdfc200ddf329829e67b97c","Payload":{"body_md":"# 42601\n\n## At a glance {#at-a-glance}\n\nSQLSTATE `42601` is **syntax_error** in Class `42`. `42601` is a syntax error. The selected parser path rejects `LIMIT 1, 2` with primary `LIMIT #,# syntax is not supported` and hint `Use separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.`\n\n\n## Meaning {#meaning}\n\n`42601` is a syntax error. In the selected `gram.y` action, the comma form is rejected during parsing with the `ERROR` primary `LIMIT #,# syntax is not supported` and hint `Use separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.` The comma form is therefore not a request for “offset 1, then take 2” in PostgreSQL; the two values must be written as separate clauses.\n\nThe scanner and grammar share a general 42601 path. `scanner_yyerror` sets the SQLSTATE and reports either `syntax error at or near \"%s\"` for the current token or `syntax error at end of input` when the scanner is at the buffer end, with a lexer position. Grammar actions can supply a more specific message through the same formatter. The selected LIMIT branch is one producer among these parser and scanner branches, not a requirement for every `42601`.\n\n## Diagnosis {#diagnosis}\n\nCapture the exact statement, parser position, server version, and hint. For `at or near`, inspect the token named by `POSITION` and the text immediately before it; for `at end of input`, check an unclosed quote, dollar-quote, parenthesis, comment, or generated clause. Preserve the exact bytes sent by the query builder, including delimiters and substituted fragments, and replay that statement through the server parser before changing semantics. The parser rejects this grammar before execution, so the selected autocommit session remains `IDLE` and no rows are produced by the failed statement. In an explicit transaction, the same statement-level `ERROR` leaves the transaction in its failed state until `ROLLBACK` or an appropriate savepoint action; that is a different session boundary from the selected autocommit observation. Do not confuse a grammar error with an undefined object or a feature recognized but unsupported in its context.\n\n## Response {#response}\n\nRewrite the statement using the grammar named by the hint. For the selected ordered three-row query, `LIMIT 1, 2` becomes `LIMIT 2 OFFSET 1` and returns rows `[2, 3]`; `LIMIT 1 OFFSET 0` would be a different result and is not an equivalent repair. Keep query builders version-aware when they emit dialect-specific pagination.\n\nFor a generic scanner error, repair the missing or misplaced token, quote, comment delimiter, or query-builder fragment identified by the position, then parse the complete statement again. Do not apply the LIMIT rewrite to a different 42601 message merely because it shares the SQLSTATE.\n\n## Messages {#messages}\n\nThe selected parser branch raises an explicit `ERROR` with primary `LIMIT #,# syntax is not supported` and HINT `Use separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.` The scanner's generic fixed branches use `syntax error at or near \"%s\"` or `syntax error at end of input`, with the position generated from the lexer. The LIMIT primary/HINT identify the selected pagination subpath; a client exception without the server SQLSTATE and the diagnostics for the specific branch is not sufficient to identify that subpath, while other valid 42601 producers may have different primaries.\n\n## Representative case {#case}\n\n\nThe page uses the same statements as the runner registry. Generated names such as `syntax_schema` and `syntax_role` are replaced by disposable runner values when executed.\n\n```sql\nSELECT n FROM generate_series(1, 3) AS s(n) ORDER BY n LIMIT 1, 2;\nSELECT n FROM generate_series(1, 3) AS s(n) ORDER BY n LIMIT 2 OFFSET 1;\n```\n\n\nThe selected 18.6 run reports the structured diagnostic and passes the repair assertions; the 10.21 run passes the same case-specific checks. The downloadable case and evidence projections are [`42601 case JSON`](#cases) and [`authored evidence`](#sources). The runner manifest is `verify/cases/42601/cases.json`, and the page SQL is checked against its shared registry.\n\n## Versions {#versions}\n\nThe selected natural runtime scope is PostgreSQL 18.6 and 10.21; it does not infer behavior for every intermediate release.\n\n## Related {#related}\n\n- [`42602` — invalid_name](/wiki/sqlstate/42602/)\n- [`42703` — undefined_column](/wiki/sqlstate/42703/)\n\n## Sources {#sources}\n\n- `src.errcodes.18.6` — fixed `errcodes.txt` definition at commit `724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7`; SHA-256 `6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba` ([source](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt)).\n- `src.limit-comma.18.6` — `src/backend/parser/gram.y` at `REL_18_6` commit `724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7`; fixed blob SHA-256 `7e548b673a1e03eb3a56c5eb9ad92d8e11095fac76e14cb258ca851f58274724` ([source](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/gram.y#L13313-L13317)).\n- `src.limit-comma.10.23` — `src/backend/parser/gram.y` at `REL_10_23` commit `02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4`; fixed blob SHA-256 `cebad6a5a2bdf68e9e5a4d2e04fa7f5dbf37efac99f5edb73cc661dae1536bad` ([source](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4/src/backend/parser/gram.y#L11200-L11204)).\n- `src.scanner-syntax.18.6` / `src.scanner-syntax.10.23` — fixed `src/backend/parser/scan.l` `scanner_yyerror` branches for `at end of input` and `at or near`; blob SHA-256 `bf453f1ae3c22b84fea6f8e8bed4fda476b7cfa49b234efbf92ca228234d0293` / `a006581a25c659d59b29837010617503ff431f881e3cf0b54a99aa1cc445fe6c` ([18.6 source](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/scan.l#L1228-L1240), [10.23 source](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4/src/backend/parser/scan.l#L1115-L1127)).\n- `src.calls.REL_18_6` / `src.calls.REL_10_23` — fixed call scans, SHA-256 `9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf` / `00d16d3eb01b71ccf1b245c8f3102f9d0ec9f36fb02777b8dd1b99fcb263040c`.\n","description":"PostgreSQL SQLSTATE 42601: syntax_error, source-backed diagnosis and recovery guidance.","is_stale":false,"name":"","sections":[{"anchor":"","heading":"","html":"\u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;42601\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;"},{"anchor":"at-a-glance","heading":"At a glance","html":"\u003cp\u003eSQLSTATE \u003ccode\u003e42601\u003c/code\u003e is \u003cstrong\u003esyntax_error\u003c/strong\u003e in Class \u003ccode\u003e42\u003c/code\u003e. \u003ccode\u003e42601\u003c/code\u003e is a syntax error. The selected parser path rejects \u003ccode\u003eLIMIT 1, 2\u003c/code\u003e with primary \u003ccode\u003eLIMIT #,# syntax is not supported\u003c/code\u003e and hint \u003ccode\u003eUse separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"meaning","heading":"Meaning","html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42601\u003c/code\u003e is a syntax error. In the selected \u003ccode\u003egram.y\u003c/code\u003e action, the comma form is rejected during parsing with the \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e primary \u003ccode\u003eLIMIT #,# syntax is not supported\u003c/code\u003e and hint \u003ccode\u003eUse separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.\u003c/code\u003e The comma form is therefore not a request for “offset 1, then take 2” in PostgreSQL; the two values must be written as separate clauses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe scanner and grammar share a general 42601 path. \u003ccode\u003escanner_yyerror\u003c/code\u003e sets the SQLSTATE and reports either \u003ccode\u003esyntax error at or near \"%s\"\u003c/code\u003e for the current token or \u003ccode\u003esyntax error at end of input\u003c/code\u003e when the scanner is at the buffer end, with a lexer position. Grammar actions can supply a more specific message through the same formatter. The selected LIMIT branch is one producer among these parser and scanner branches, not a requirement for every \u003ccode\u003e42601\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"diagnosis","heading":"Diagnosis","html":"\u003cp\u003eCapture the exact statement, parser position, server version, and hint. For \u003ccode\u003eat or near\u003c/code\u003e, inspect the token named by \u003ccode\u003ePOSITION\u003c/code\u003e and the text immediately before it; for \u003ccode\u003eat end of input\u003c/code\u003e, check an unclosed quote, dollar-quote, parenthesis, comment, or generated clause. Preserve the exact bytes sent by the query builder, including delimiters and substituted fragments, and replay that statement through the server parser before changing semantics. The parser rejects this grammar before execution, so the selected autocommit session remains \u003ccode\u003eIDLE\u003c/code\u003e and no rows are produced by the failed statement. In an explicit transaction, the same statement-level \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e leaves the transaction in its failed state until \u003ccode\u003eROLLBACK\u003c/code\u003e or an appropriate savepoint action; that is a different session boundary from the selected autocommit observation. Do not confuse a grammar error with an undefined object or a feature recognized but unsupported in its context.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"response","heading":"Response","html":"\u003cp\u003eRewrite the statement using the grammar named by the hint. For the selected ordered three-row query, \u003ccode\u003eLIMIT 1, 2\u003c/code\u003e becomes \u003ccode\u003eLIMIT 2 OFFSET 1\u003c/code\u003e and returns rows \u003ccode\u003e[2, 3]\u003c/code\u003e; \u003ccode\u003eLIMIT 1 OFFSET 0\u003c/code\u003e would be a different result and is not an equivalent repair. Keep query builders version-aware when they emit dialect-specific pagination.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a generic scanner error, repair the missing or misplaced token, quote, comment delimiter, or query-builder fragment identified by the position, then parse the complete statement again. Do not apply the LIMIT rewrite to a different 42601 message merely because it shares the SQLSTATE.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"messages","heading":"Messages","html":"\u003cp\u003eThe selected parser branch raises an explicit \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e with primary \u003ccode\u003eLIMIT #,# syntax is not supported\u003c/code\u003e and HINT \u003ccode\u003eUse separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.\u003c/code\u003e The scanner's generic fixed branches use \u003ccode\u003esyntax error at or near \"%s\"\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003esyntax error at end of input\u003c/code\u003e, with the position generated from the lexer. The LIMIT primary/HINT identify the selected pagination subpath; a client exception without the server SQLSTATE and the diagnostics for the specific branch is not sufficient to identify that subpath, while other valid 42601 producers may have different primaries.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"case","heading":"Representative case","html":"\u003cp\u003eThe page uses the same statements as the runner registry. Generated names such as \u003ccode\u003esyntax_schema\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003esyntax_role\u003c/code\u003e are replaced by disposable runner values when executed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003eSELECT n FROM generate_series(1, 3) AS s(n) ORDER BY n LIMIT 1, 2;\nSELECT n FROM generate_series(1, 3) AS s(n) ORDER BY n LIMIT 2 OFFSET 1;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe selected 18.6 run reports the structured diagnostic and passes the repair assertions; the 10.21 run passes the same case-specific checks. The downloadable case and evidence projections are \u003ca href=\"#cases\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42601 case JSON\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"#sources\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eauthored evidence\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. The runner manifest is \u003ccode\u003everify/cases/42601/cases.json\u003c/code\u003e, and the page SQL is checked against its shared registry.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"versions","heading":"Versions","html":"\u003cp\u003eThe selected natural runtime scope is PostgreSQL 18.6 and 10.21; it does not infer behavior for every intermediate release.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"related","heading":"Related","html":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/42602/\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42602\u003c/code\u003e — invalid_name\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/42703/\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42703\u003c/code\u003e — undefined_column\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"},{"anchor":"sources","heading":"Sources","html":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.errcodes.18.6\u003c/code\u003e — fixed \u003ccode\u003eerrcodes.txt\u003c/code\u003e definition at commit \u003ccode\u003e724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7\u003c/code\u003e; SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt\"\u003esource\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.limit-comma.18.6\u003c/code\u003e — \u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/parser/gram.y\u003c/code\u003e at \u003ccode\u003eREL_18_6\u003c/code\u003e commit \u003ccode\u003e724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7\u003c/code\u003e; fixed blob SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e7e548b673a1e03eb3a56c5eb9ad92d8e11095fac76e14cb258ca851f58274724\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/gram.y#L13313-L13317\"\u003esource\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.limit-comma.10.23\u003c/code\u003e — \u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/parser/gram.y\u003c/code\u003e at \u003ccode\u003eREL_10_23\u003c/code\u003e commit \u003ccode\u003e02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4\u003c/code\u003e; fixed blob SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003ecebad6a5a2bdf68e9e5a4d2e04fa7f5dbf37efac99f5edb73cc661dae1536bad\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4/src/backend/parser/gram.y#L11200-L11204\"\u003esource\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.scanner-syntax.18.6\u003c/code\u003e / \u003ccode\u003esrc.scanner-syntax.10.23\u003c/code\u003e — fixed \u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/parser/scan.l\u003c/code\u003e \u003ccode\u003escanner_yyerror\u003c/code\u003e branches for \u003ccode\u003eat end of input\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eat or near\u003c/code\u003e; blob SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003ebf453f1ae3c22b84fea6f8e8bed4fda476b7cfa49b234efbf92ca228234d0293\u003c/code\u003e / \u003ccode\u003ea006581a25c659d59b29837010617503ff431f881e3cf0b54a99aa1cc445fe6c\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/scan.l#L1228-L1240\"\u003e18.6 source\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4/src/backend/parser/scan.l#L1115-L1127\"\u003e10.23 source\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.calls.REL_18_6\u003c/code\u003e / \u003ccode\u003esrc.calls.REL_10_23\u003c/code\u003e — fixed call scans, SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf\u003c/code\u003e / \u003ccode\u003e00d16d3eb01b71ccf1b245c8f3102f9d0ec9f36fb02777b8dd1b99fcb263040c\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"}],"summary":"SQLSTATE 42601 is syntax_error in Class 42. 42601 is a syntax error. The selected parser path rejects LIMIT 1, 2 with primary LIMIT #,# syntax is not supported and hint Use separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.","title":"42601 — syntax_error","translation_source_rev":"440361927cef918a122c355760637a390f2f444ca43b333e568d6c06302ede49"}},"RequestedLocale":"en","Fallback":false,"Versions":["10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20","8.1","8.2","8.3","8.4","9.0","9.1","9.2","9.3","9.4","9.5","9.6"],"Locales":["en","zh-Hans"],"Signatures":null,"Spellings":null,"SQLState":{"aliases":[],"catalogue_notes":{"earliest_observed":"7.4","formal_scope":"9.0.0..18.6","latest_observed":"18.6","matrix_scope":["9.0.23","9.1.24","9.2.24","9.3.25","9.4.26","9.5.25","9.6.24","10.23","11.22","12.22","13.23","14.24","15.19","16.15","17.11","18.6"],"pre9_scope":{"formal_tag_count":191,"maximum_release":"8.4.22","minimum_release":"7.0.0","source_definition_count":153,"source_doc_count":153,"source_file_count":306,"source_scope":"7.4..8.4 definition files; 7.0..7.3 candidate-path source gap probes","source_tag_count":153},"pre9_status":"present","preview_scope":["19beta3"]},"class":"42","class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"syntax_error","condition_names":["syntax_error"],"definition_changes":[],"english_manuals":{"10":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"syntax_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"9607b57e9f639b61785677ba4d226f5889fe1d19c8bf55a3337691899a9073cd","slug":"10"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42601"},"11":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"syntax_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"3a024e38263ad77de228eed7930b842b42dc1d5cab9ca3727be8eed872ec9539","slug":"11"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42601"},"12":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule 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Violation","condition_name":"syntax_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"d63b10001be0581484022e33b78124a36bb3bd68d3ebe022cd7dfb375233432f","slug":"8.4"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42601"},"9.0":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"syntax_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"658fc09c4c10eed7ac7dea4ed3e3eff8cc5791eb5af26b7b4a31b0f863b316db","slug":"9.0"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42601"},"9.1":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"syntax_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"2d118b06c3b644c28b3ddefe9e4bef99a180321582209332372a5318f5bf8d1c","slug":"9.1"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42601"},"9.2":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule 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in a PostgreSQL release definition file is established; runtime throw/use scanning is maintained 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