{"Entry":{"collection":"tool","key":"pg-walsummary","name":"pg_walsummary","aliases":["pg_walsummary"],"metadata":{"aliases":["pg_walsummary"],"category":"Server applications","content_hash":"f0a32a58398e9e46cf8e3bbde7ee517839ecb9907499a197c30a6857fb88af97","derived_content_hash":"b340a65fe3acf94d71b5597b845851941bdd4d175c4dadcb922234f93929305d","imported_at":"2026-09-30T00:40:34.499161+08:00","name":"pg_walsummary","name_zh":"","slug":"pg-walsummary","summary":"pg_walsummary — print contents of WAL summary files"}},"Definition":{"Collection":"tool","Key":"pg-walsummary","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"18","SourceTable":"command_tool","SourceKey":"pg-walsummary","SourceRevision":"ee8d1a3612338fd9adf250730cb640fcc5233b5491337cc00a316a44e3a0b9f8","Facts":{"comparison_data":{"environment":[],"options":[{"description":"By default, pg_walsummary prints one line of output for each range of one or more consecutive modified blocks. This can make the output a lot briefer, since a relation where all blocks from 0 through 999 were modified will produce only one line of output rather than 1000 separate lines. This option requests a separate line of output for every modified block.","names":["-i","--individual"],"signature":"-i --individual"},{"description":"Do not print any output, except for errors. This can be useful when you want to know whether a WAL summary file can be successfully parsed but don't care about the contents.","names":["-q","--quiet"],"signature":"-q --quiet"},{"description":"Display version information, then exit.","names":["-V","--version"],"signature":"-V --version"},{"description":"Shows help about pg_walsummary command line arguments, and exits.","names":["-?","--help"],"signature":"-? --help"}],"synopsis":["pg_walsummary [ option ...] [ file ...]"]},"comparison_hash":"fb64f9cdf40e6149d88aceecaf06dca1b50a947b10b4f3e3cfe4e833dd789128","description":["pg_walsummary — print contents of WAL summary files"],"description_zh":"描述 pg_walsummary 用于打印 WAL 汇总文件的内容。这些二进制文件位于数据目录下的 pg_wal/summaries 子目录中，可使用本工具将其转换为文本。通常并无此必要，因为 WAL 汇总文件主要是为了支持 增量备份 而存在的，但在调试时可能会很有用。 WAL 汇总文件按表空间 OID、关系 OID 以及关系分支（fork）建立索引。对于每个关系分支，它都存储该文件所汇总范围内被 WAL 修改的块列表。它还可以存储一个 “ 界限块 ” ：如果该关系分支在相关 WAL 范围内被创建或截断，则其值为 0；否则，其值为该关系分支被截断后的最短长度。如果该关系分支在相关 WAL 范围内未被创建、删除或截断，则界限块未定义，或者为无穷大，本工具不会打印它。 选项 -i --individual 默认情况下， pg_walsummary 会为每个由一个或多个连续已修改块构成的范围输出一行。这样可以使输出简洁得多，因为如果某个关系中从 0 到 999 的所有块都被修改了，则只会输出一行，而不是 1000 行单独的输出。该选项要求为每个已修改块分别输出一行。 -q --quiet 除错误之外不打印任何输出。当只想知道某个 WAL 汇总文件能否被成功解析，而并不关心其内容时，这会很有用。 -V --version 显示版本信息，然后退出。 -? --help 显示 pg_walsummary 命令行参数的帮助并退出。","description_zh_html":"\u003cp\u003e命令行工具 pg_walsummary [ option ...] [ file ...]。\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e同版本中文手册节选\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"refsect1\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e描述\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"application\"\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/span\u003e 用于打印 WAL 汇总文件的内容。这些二进制文件位于数据目录下的 \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003epg_wal/summaries\u003c/code\u003e 子目录中，可使用本工具将其转换为文本。通常并无此必要，因为 WAL 汇总文件主要是为了支持\u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"/zh/docs/18/continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-INCREMENTAL-BACKUP\"\u003e增量备份\u003c/a\u003e而存在的，但在调试时可能会很有用。\n  \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\n   WAL 汇总文件按表空间 OID、关系 OID 以及关系分支（fork）建立索引。对于每个关系分支，它都存储该文件所汇总范围内被 WAL 修改的块列表。它还可以存储一个\u003cspan class=\"quote\"\u003e“\u003cspan class=\"quote\"\u003e界限块\u003c/span\u003e”\u003c/span\u003e：如果该关系分支在相关 WAL 范围内被创建或截断，则其值为 0；否则，其值为该关系分支被截断后的最短长度。如果该关系分支在相关 WAL 范围内未被创建、删除或截断，则界限块未定义，或者为无穷大，本工具不会打印它。\n  \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"refsect1\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e选项\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"variablelist\"\u003e\u003cdl class=\"variablelist\"\u003e\u003cdt\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e-i\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e--individual\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cp\u003e\n        默认情况下，\u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/code\u003e 会为每个由一个或多个连续已修改块构成的范围输出一行。这样可以使输出简洁得多，因为如果某个关系中从 0 到 999 的所有块都被修改了，则只会输出一行，而不是 1000 行单独的输出。该选项要求为每个已修改块分别输出一行。\n       \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\u003cdt\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e-q\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e--quiet\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cp\u003e\n        除错误之外不打印任何输出。当只想知道某个 WAL 汇总文件能否被成功解析，而并不关心其内容时，这会很有用。\n       \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\u003cdt\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e-V\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e--version\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cp\u003e\n        显示版本信息，然后退出。\n       \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\u003cdt\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e-?\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e--help\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cp\u003e\n       显示 \u003cspan class=\"application\"\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/span\u003e 命令行参数的帮助并退出。\n       \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\u003c/dl\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"/zh/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html\"\u003e查看完整中文手册与上下文\u003c/a\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e","environment":[],"facts":[{"label":"Documented executable","value":"pg_walsummary"},{"label":"Executable version","value":"18.6"},{"label":"Reference inventory","value":"Server applications"},{"label":"Option definition groups","value":"4"}],"facts_zh":[{"label":"手册中的可执行程序","value":"pg_walsummary"},{"label":"程序版本","value":"18.6"},{"label":"参考清单","value":"服务端程序"},{"label":"选项定义组","value":"4"}],"manual_html":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"refentry\" id=\"APP-PGWALSUMMARY\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"titlepage\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"refnamediv\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan class=\"refentrytitle\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"application\"\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003epg_walsummary — print contents of WAL summary files\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"refsynopsisdiv\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSynopsis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cmdsynopsis\"\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"id-1.9.5.15.4.1\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/code\u003e [\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e...] [\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efile\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e...]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"refsect1\" id=\"id-1.9.5.15.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"application\"\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/span\u003e is used to print the contents of WAL summary files. These binary files are found in the \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003epg_wal/summaries\u003c/code\u003e subdirectory of the data directory, and can be converted to text using this tool. This is not ordinarily necessary, since WAL summary files primarily exist to support \u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"/docs/18/continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-INCREMENTAL-BACKUP\" title=\"25.3.3. Making an Incremental Backup\"\u003eincremental backup\u003c/a\u003e, but it may be useful for debugging purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA WAL summary file is indexed by tablespace OID, relation OID, and relation fork. For each relation fork, it stores the list of blocks that were modified by WAL within the range summarized in the file. It can also store a \"limit block,\" which is 0 if the relation fork was created or truncated within the relevant WAL range, and otherwise the shortest length to which the relation fork was truncated. If the relation fork was not created, deleted, or truncated within the relevant WAL range, the limit block is undefined or infinite and will not be printed by this tool.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"refsect1\" id=\"id-1.9.5.15.6\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOptions\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"variablelist\"\u003e\n\u003cdl class=\"variablelist\"\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e-i\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e--individual\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy default, \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/code\u003e prints one line of output for each range of one or more consecutive modified blocks. This can make the output a lot briefer, since a relation where all blocks from 0 through 999 were modified will produce only one line of output rather than 1000 separate lines. This option requests a separate line of output for every modified block.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e-q\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e--quiet\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDo not print any output, except for errors. This can be useful when you want to know whether a WAL summary file can be successfully parsed but don't care about the contents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e-V\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e--version\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDisplay version information, then exit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e-?\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e--help\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShows help about \u003cspan class=\"application\"\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/span\u003e command line arguments, and exits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"refsect1\" id=\"id-1.9.5.15.7\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEnvironment\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe environment variable \u003ccode class=\"envar\"\u003ePG_COLOR\u003c/code\u003e specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003ealways\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003eauto\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003enever\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"refsect1\" id=\"id-1.9.5.15.8\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSee Also\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cspan class=\"simplelist\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"xref\" href=\"/docs/18/app-pgbasebackup.html\" title=\"pg_basebackup\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"refentrytitle\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"application\"\u003epg_basebackup\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"xref\" href=\"/docs/18/app-pgcombinebackup.html\" title=\"pg_combinebackup\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"refentrytitle\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"application\"\u003epg_combinebackup\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","manual_path":"app-pgwalsummary.html","options":[{"description":"By default, pg_walsummary prints one line of output for each range of one or more consecutive modified blocks. This can make the output a lot briefer, since a relation where all blocks from 0 through 999 were modified will produce only one line of output rather than 1000 separate lines. This option requests a separate line of output for every modified block.","names":["-i","--individual"],"signature":"-i --individual","source_url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html","summary":"By default, pg_walsummary prints one line of output for each range of one or more consecutive modified blocks. This can make the output a lot briefer, since a relation where all blocks from 0 through 999 were modified will produce only one line of output rather than 1000 separate lines. This option requests a separate line of output for every modified block."},{"description":"Do not print any output, except for errors. This can be useful when you want to know whether a WAL summary file can be successfully parsed but don't care about the contents.","names":["-q","--quiet"],"signature":"-q --quiet","source_url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html","summary":"Do not print any output, except for errors. This can be useful when you want to know whether a WAL summary file can be successfully parsed but don't care about the contents."},{"description":"Display version information, then exit.","names":["-V","--version"],"signature":"-V --version","source_url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html","summary":"Display version information, then exit."},{"description":"Shows help about pg_walsummary command line arguments, and exits.","names":["-?","--help"],"signature":"-? --help","source_url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html","summary":"Shows help about pg_walsummary command line arguments, and exits."}],"related":[],"release":{"channel":"stable","evidence_kind":"English manual and source declarations","label":"18.6","major":"18","manifest":{"index":"index.html","major":"18","pages":1148,"pdf":{"A4":{"built_at":"2026-09-26","bytes":15865106,"pages":3154,"sha256":"19512c405da53f9f7fcf0abba359223aa65f021be025bf3411381918f92e3190","url":"/files/documentation/pdf/18/postgresql-18-A4.pdf"},"US":{"built_at":"2026-09-26","bytes":15748059,"pages":3328,"sha256":"facbe6c229e598b872d3d98bef53308f46e06746006fa4590de9a7de9dd46319","url":"/files/documentation/pdf/18/postgresql-18-US.pdf"}},"release":"18.6","source_mode":"en SGML built with pinned official archive","source_sha256":"555610c24d53e4316da5b7d3fc25c279d96856d5e0e23ee308c328c5fa881d9f","source_url":"https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.6/postgresql-18.6.tar.bz2","svg_assets":3,"tree":"18"},"ref":"https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.6/postgresql-18.6.tar.bz2","revision":"ee8d1a3612338fd9adf250730cb640fcc5233b5491337cc00a316a44e3a0b9f8","source_sha256":"555610c24d53e4316da5b7d3fc25c279d96856d5e0e23ee308c328c5fa881d9f"},"sections":[],"sections_zh":[],"signature":"pg_walsummary [ option ...] [ file ...]","sources":[{"anchor":"","file":"app-pgwalsummary.html","label":"18.6 English manual · app-pgwalsummary.html","sha256":"d2721b711c04cfa23f2edc8552533bf1d515eec2406ce1ec728b71fd41d9f2ea","url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html"},{"anchor":"","file":"reference-server.html","label":"Server applications inventory","sha256":"e9f8bbcc8e3641fadd1d20991e8aad6b532155b786ba5a1b7b364ec4f1a5bef3","url":"/docs/18/reference-server.html"}],"synopsis":["pg_walsummary [ option ...] [ file ...]"],"tables":[{"columns":[{"key":"signature","label":"Option and arguments"},{"key":"summary","label":"Description"}],"key":"options","rows":[{"signature":{"text":"-i --individual","url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html"},"summary":"By default, pg_walsummary prints one line of output for each range of one or more consecutive modified blocks. This can make the output a lot briefer, since a relation where all blocks from 0 through 999 were modified will produce only one line of output rather than 1000 separate lines. This option requests a separate line of output for every modified block."},{"signature":{"text":"-q --quiet","url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html"},"summary":"Do not print any output, except for errors. This can be useful when you want to know whether a WAL summary file can be successfully parsed but don't care about the contents."},{"signature":{"text":"-V --version","url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html"},"summary":"Display version information, then exit."},{"signature":{"text":"-? --help","url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html"},"summary":"Shows help about pg_walsummary command line arguments, and exits."}],"title":"Documented options"}],"tables_zh":[{"columns":[{"key":"signature","label":"选项与参数"},{"key":"summary","label":"说明"}],"key":"options","rows":[{"signature":{"text":"-i --individual","url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html"},"summary":"默认情况下， pg_walsummary 会为每个由一个或多个连续已修改块构成的范围输出一行。这样可以使输出简洁得多，因为如果某个关系中从 0 到 999 的所有块都被修改了，则只会输出一行，而不是 1000 行单独的输出。该选项要求为每个已修改块分别输出一行。"},{"signature":{"text":"-q --quiet","url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html"},"summary":"除错误之外不打印任何输出。当只想知道某个 WAL 汇总文件能否被成功解析，而并不关心其内容时，这会很有用。"},{"signature":{"text":"-V --version","url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html"},"summary":"显示版本信息，然后退出。"},{"signature":{"text":"-? --help","url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html"},"summary":"显示 pg_walsummary 命令行参数的帮助并退出。"}],"title":"手册中的选项"}],"zh_from":{"authored_translation":"source-derived-identity","body_sha256":"c8fa741b72d027a6d5ca390a84d50eb720e2f880aa9fda377b336f1ab7ce78a7","kind":"same-version-chinese-manual-with-source-derived-identity","manual":{"anchor":"","build_id":107,"extraction":"command-description-and-options","fragment_sha256":"4707f5d047180f55685e27a0dcc0437476f3039d09d56d8b8fb818f78557287a","locale":"zh-Hans","page_key":"app-pgwalsummary.html","source_hash":"f2838037f19952fc9715c89edbd0512c6c155a6257d6fa1981ed8ac560fa5b73","source_revision":"unknown:rendered-translation-baseline","translated_from_revision":null,"translation_revision":"git:b1b500221dbe5437cfca004d6b04d3f6e422765d;html-sha256:08e987a66af27b98444a8057c256314eafa13611a3fb9e888214fc436824244b","url":"/zh/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html","version":"18"},"runtime_rerun":false,"source_facts_revision":"ee8d1a3612338fd9adf250730cb640fcc5233b5491337cc00a316a44e3a0b9f8"}},"ManualEvidence":{"manual_path":"app-pgwalsummary.html","release":{"channel":"stable","evidence_kind":"English manual and source declarations","label":"18.6","major":"18","manifest":{"index":"index.html","major":"18","pages":1148,"pdf":{"A4":{"built_at":"2026-09-26","bytes":15865106,"pages":3154,"sha256":"19512c405da53f9f7fcf0abba359223aa65f021be025bf3411381918f92e3190","url":"/files/documentation/pdf/18/postgresql-18-A4.pdf"},"US":{"built_at":"2026-09-26","bytes":15748059,"pages":3328,"sha256":"facbe6c229e598b872d3d98bef53308f46e06746006fa4590de9a7de9dd46319","url":"/files/documentation/pdf/18/postgresql-18-US.pdf"}},"release":"18.6","source_mode":"en SGML built with pinned official archive","source_sha256":"555610c24d53e4316da5b7d3fc25c279d96856d5e0e23ee308c328c5fa881d9f","source_url":"https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.6/postgresql-18.6.tar.bz2","svg_assets":3,"tree":"18"},"ref":"https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.6/postgresql-18.6.tar.bz2","revision":"ee8d1a3612338fd9adf250730cb640fcc5233b5491337cc00a316a44e3a0b9f8","source_sha256":"555610c24d53e4316da5b7d3fc25c279d96856d5e0e23ee308c328c5fa881d9f"},"sources":[{"anchor":"","file":"app-pgwalsummary.html","label":"18.6 English manual · app-pgwalsummary.html","sha256":"d2721b711c04cfa23f2edc8552533bf1d515eec2406ce1ec728b71fd41d9f2ea","url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html"},{"anchor":"","file":"reference-server.html","label":"Server applications inventory","sha256":"e9f8bbcc8e3641fadd1d20991e8aad6b532155b786ba5a1b7b364ec4f1a5bef3","url":"/docs/18/reference-server.html"}]},"MeasuredEvidence":{}},"Text":{"Collection":"tool","Key":"pg-walsummary","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"18","Locale":"en","Title":"pg_walsummary","Summary":"pg_walsummary — print contents of WAL summary files","BodyHTML":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"APP-PGWALSUMMARY\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003epg_walsummary — print contents of WAL summary files\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSynopsis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"id-1.9.5.15.4.1\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/code\u003e [\u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e...] [\u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003efile\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e...]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"id-1.9.5.15.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/span\u003e is used to print the contents of WAL summary files. These binary files are found in the \u003ccode\u003epg_wal/summaries\u003c/code\u003e subdirectory of the data directory, and can be converted to text using this tool. This is not ordinarily necessary, since WAL summary files primarily exist to support \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-INCREMENTAL-BACKUP\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eincremental backup\u003c/a\u003e, but it may be useful for debugging purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA WAL summary file is indexed by tablespace OID, relation OID, and relation fork. For each relation fork, it stores the list of blocks that were modified by WAL within the range summarized in the file. It can also store a \u0026#34;limit block,\u0026#34; which is 0 if the relation fork was created or truncated within the relevant WAL range, and otherwise the shortest length to which the relation fork was truncated. If the relation fork was not created, deleted, or truncated within the relevant WAL range, the limit block is undefined or infinite and will not be printed by this tool.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"id-1.9.5.15.6\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOptions\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ccode\u003e-i\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ccode\u003e--individual\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy default, \u003ccode\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/code\u003e prints one line of output for each range of one or more consecutive modified blocks. This can make the output a lot briefer, since a relation where all blocks from 0 through 999 were modified will produce only one line of output rather than 1000 separate lines. This option requests a separate line of output for every modified block.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ccode\u003e-q\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ccode\u003e--quiet\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDo not print any output, except for errors. This can be useful when you want to know whether a WAL summary file can be successfully parsed but don\u0026#39;t care about the contents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ccode\u003e-V\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ccode\u003e--version\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDisplay version information, then exit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ccode\u003e-?\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ccode\u003e--help\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShows help about \u003cspan\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/span\u003e command line arguments, and exits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"id-1.9.5.15.7\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEnvironment\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe environment variable \u003ccode\u003ePG_COLOR\u003c/code\u003e specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are \u003ccode\u003ealways\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eauto\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003enever\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"id-1.9.5.15.8\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSee Also\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/docs/18/app-pgbasebackup.html\" title=\"pg_basebackup\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003epg_basebackup\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/app-pgcombinebackup.html\" title=\"pg_combinebackup\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003epg_combinebackup\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","SourceRevision":"ee8d1a3612338fd9adf250730cb640fcc5233b5491337cc00a316a44e3a0b9f8","ContentHash":"59d25ac73aedcad31ae687f13be18e2d446b2ba786dc0f2bde66aae1fa3d6378","Payload":{"description":["pg_walsummary — print contents of WAL summary files"],"manual_html":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"refentry\" id=\"APP-PGWALSUMMARY\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"titlepage\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"refnamediv\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan class=\"refentrytitle\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"application\"\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003epg_walsummary — print contents of WAL summary files\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"refsynopsisdiv\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSynopsis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cmdsynopsis\"\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"id-1.9.5.15.4.1\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/code\u003e [\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e...] [\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efile\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e...]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"refsect1\" id=\"id-1.9.5.15.5\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"application\"\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/span\u003e is used to print the contents of WAL summary files. These binary files are found in the \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003epg_wal/summaries\u003c/code\u003e subdirectory of the data directory, and can be converted to text using this tool. This is not ordinarily necessary, since WAL summary files primarily exist to support \u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"/docs/18/continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-INCREMENTAL-BACKUP\" title=\"25.3.3. Making an Incremental Backup\"\u003eincremental backup\u003c/a\u003e, but it may be useful for debugging purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA WAL summary file is indexed by tablespace OID, relation OID, and relation fork. For each relation fork, it stores the list of blocks that were modified by WAL within the range summarized in the file. It can also store a \"limit block,\" which is 0 if the relation fork was created or truncated within the relevant WAL range, and otherwise the shortest length to which the relation fork was truncated. If the relation fork was not created, deleted, or truncated within the relevant WAL range, the limit block is undefined or infinite and will not be printed by this tool.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"refsect1\" id=\"id-1.9.5.15.6\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOptions\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"variablelist\"\u003e\n\u003cdl class=\"variablelist\"\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e-i\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e--individual\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy default, \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/code\u003e prints one line of output for each range of one or more consecutive modified blocks. This can make the output a lot briefer, since a relation where all blocks from 0 through 999 were modified will produce only one line of output rather than 1000 separate lines. This option requests a separate line of output for every modified block.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e-q\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e--quiet\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDo not print any output, except for errors. This can be useful when you want to know whether a WAL summary file can be successfully parsed but don't care about the contents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e-V\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e--version\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDisplay version information, then exit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e-?\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"option\"\u003e--help\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShows help about \u003cspan class=\"application\"\u003epg_walsummary\u003c/span\u003e command line arguments, and exits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"refsect1\" id=\"id-1.9.5.15.7\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEnvironment\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe environment variable \u003ccode class=\"envar\"\u003ePG_COLOR\u003c/code\u003e specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003ealways\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003eauto\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003enever\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"refsect1\" id=\"id-1.9.5.15.8\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSee Also\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cspan class=\"simplelist\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"xref\" href=\"/docs/18/app-pgbasebackup.html\" title=\"pg_basebackup\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"refentrytitle\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"application\"\u003epg_basebackup\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"xref\" href=\"/docs/18/app-pgcombinebackup.html\" title=\"pg_combinebackup\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"refentrytitle\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"application\"\u003epg_combinebackup\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","related":[],"sections":[],"tables":[{"columns":[{"key":"signature","label":"Option and arguments"},{"key":"summary","label":"Description"}],"key":"options","rows":[{"signature":{"text":"-i --individual","url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html"},"summary":"By default, pg_walsummary prints one line of output for each range of one or more consecutive modified blocks. This can make the output a lot briefer, since a relation where all blocks from 0 through 999 were modified will produce only one line of output rather than 1000 separate lines. This option requests a separate line of output for every modified block."},{"signature":{"text":"-q --quiet","url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html"},"summary":"Do not print any output, except for errors. This can be useful when you want to know whether a WAL summary file can be successfully parsed but don't care about the contents."},{"signature":{"text":"-V --version","url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html"},"summary":"Display version information, then exit."},{"signature":{"text":"-? --help","url":"/docs/18/app-pgwalsummary.html"},"summary":"Shows help about pg_walsummary command line arguments, and exits."}],"title":"Documented options"}]}},"RequestedLocale":"en","Fallback":false,"Versions":["17","18","19","20"],"Locales":["en","zh-Hans"],"Signatures":null,"Spellings":null,"SQLState":null,"Evidence":null}