{"Entry":{"collection":"psql","key":"cmd-64","name":"\\d","aliases":["\\d","\\d+","\\dS","\\dS+","\\dSx","\\dSx+","\\dx","\\dx+"],"metadata":{"aliases":["\\d","\\d+","\\dS","\\dS+","\\dSx","\\dSx+","\\dx","\\dx+"],"category":"Describe database objects","content_hash":"502ff20bed90573970a48eb3afe41a56d83f75105bbf432e71a99b324a6807e4","imported_at":"2026-09-30T00:40:44.75099+08:00","name":"\\d","name_zh":"","slug":"cmd-64","summary":"For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated objects, such as indexes, constraints, rules, triggers, and publications, are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( “ Matching the pattern ” is defined in Patterns below.)"}},"Definition":{"Collection":"psql","Key":"cmd-64","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"18","SourceTable":"psql_command","SourceKey":"cmd-64","SourceRevision":"ee8d1a3612338fd9adf250730cb640fcc5233b5491337cc00a316a44e3a0b9f8","Facts":{"command":"\\d","comparison_data":{"definition":"For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( “ Matching the pattern ” is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure. As with many other commands, if x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \\d is used without a pattern argument, and the x modifier cannot appear immediately after the \\d (because \\dx is a different command); the x modifier may only appear after an S or + modifier. For example, \\d+x is equivalent to \\dtvmsE+x and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode.","modifiers":[{"command":"\\d","modifiers":"Sx+"}],"signature":"\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]","spellings":["\\d"]},"comparison_hash":"6ae2a701bc740560cd1479bd276f943a7351d1e16f9acba5592f15c17649c653","description":["For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( “ Matching the pattern ” is defined in Patterns below.)"],"facts":[{"label":"Client","value":"psql 18.6"},{"label":"Case-sensitive spelling","value":"\\d"}],"manual_html":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdl class=\"variablelist\"\u003e\u003cdt id=\"APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\d[Sx+] [ \u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"/docs/18/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-PATTERNS\" title=\"Patterns\"\u003e\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epattern\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e ]\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epattern\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003eNOT NULL\u003c/code\u003e or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. (\u003cspan class=\"quote\"\u003e“\u003cspan class=\"quote\"\u003eMatching the pattern\u003c/span\u003e”\u003c/span\u003e is defined in \u003ca class=\"xref\" href=\"/docs/18/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-PATTERNS\" title=\"Patterns\"\u003ePatterns\u003c/a\u003e below.)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor some types of relation, \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\d\u003c/code\u003e shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe command form \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\d+\u003c/code\u003e is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default \u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"/docs/18/sql-altertable.html#SQL-ALTERTABLE-REPLICA-IDENTITY\"\u003ereplica identity\u003c/a\u003e setting and the \u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"/docs/18/sql-create-access-method.html\" title=\"CREATE ACCESS METHOD\"\u003eaccess method\u003c/a\u003e name if the relation has an access method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003eS\u003c/code\u003e modifier to include system objects.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"note\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"title\"\u003eNote\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf \u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003e\\d\u003c/code\u003e is used without a \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epattern\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e argument, it is equivalent to \u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003e\\dtvmsE\u003c/code\u003e which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs with many other commands, if \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003ex\u003c/code\u003e is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003e\\d\u003c/code\u003e is used without a \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epattern\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e argument, and the \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003ex\u003c/code\u003e modifier cannot appear immediately after the \u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003e\\d\u003c/code\u003e (because \u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003e\\dx\u003c/code\u003e is a different command); the \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003ex\u003c/code\u003e modifier may only appear after an \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003eS\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e+\u003c/code\u003e modifier. For example, \u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003e\\d+x\u003c/code\u003e is equivalent to \u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003e\\dtvmsE+x\u003c/code\u003e and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\u003c/dl\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","manual_path":"app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D","modifiers":[{"command":"\\d","modifiers":"Sx+"}],"related":[{"label":"psql command-line options and complete manual","url":"/wiki/tool/psql/?v=18"}],"release":{"channel":"stable","evidence_kind":"English manual and source declarations","label":"18.6","major":"18","manifest":{"index":"index.html","major":"18","pages":1148,"pdf":{"A4":{"built_at":"2026-09-26","bytes":15865106,"pages":3154,"sha256":"19512c405da53f9f7fcf0abba359223aa65f021be025bf3411381918f92e3190","url":"/files/documentation/pdf/18/postgresql-18-A4.pdf"},"US":{"built_at":"2026-09-26","bytes":15748059,"pages":3328,"sha256":"facbe6c229e598b872d3d98bef53308f46e06746006fa4590de9a7de9dd46319","url":"/files/documentation/pdf/18/postgresql-18-US.pdf"}},"release":"18.6","source_mode":"en SGML built with pinned official archive","source_sha256":"555610c24d53e4316da5b7d3fc25c279d96856d5e0e23ee308c328c5fa881d9f","source_url":"https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.6/postgresql-18.6.tar.bz2","svg_assets":3,"tree":"18"},"ref":"https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.6/postgresql-18.6.tar.bz2","revision":"ee8d1a3612338fd9adf250730cb640fcc5233b5491337cc00a316a44e3a0b9f8","source_sha256":"555610c24d53e4316da5b7d3fc25c279d96856d5e0e23ee308c328c5fa881d9f"},"sections":[],"signature":"\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]","sources":[{"anchor":"APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D","file":"app-psql.html","label":"18.6 English manual · app-psql.html","sha256":"fa2a1d39294b8854318e82e93f71272c645ed88150ecc2786c28902c3f32782c","url":"/docs/18/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D"}],"spellings":["\\d"],"tables":[{"columns":[{"key":"command","label":"Command"},{"key":"modifiers","label":"Documented suffix modifiers"}],"key":"spellings","rows":[{"command":{"text":"\\d","url":"/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=18"},"modifiers":"Sx+"}],"title":"Spellings in this manual definition"}]},"ManualEvidence":{"manual_path":"app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D","release":{"channel":"stable","evidence_kind":"English manual and source declarations","label":"18.6","major":"18","manifest":{"index":"index.html","major":"18","pages":1148,"pdf":{"A4":{"built_at":"2026-09-26","bytes":15865106,"pages":3154,"sha256":"19512c405da53f9f7fcf0abba359223aa65f021be025bf3411381918f92e3190","url":"/files/documentation/pdf/18/postgresql-18-A4.pdf"},"US":{"built_at":"2026-09-26","bytes":15748059,"pages":3328,"sha256":"facbe6c229e598b872d3d98bef53308f46e06746006fa4590de9a7de9dd46319","url":"/files/documentation/pdf/18/postgresql-18-US.pdf"}},"release":"18.6","source_mode":"en SGML built with pinned official archive","source_sha256":"555610c24d53e4316da5b7d3fc25c279d96856d5e0e23ee308c328c5fa881d9f","source_url":"https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.6/postgresql-18.6.tar.bz2","svg_assets":3,"tree":"18"},"ref":"https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.6/postgresql-18.6.tar.bz2","revision":"ee8d1a3612338fd9adf250730cb640fcc5233b5491337cc00a316a44e3a0b9f8","source_sha256":"555610c24d53e4316da5b7d3fc25c279d96856d5e0e23ee308c328c5fa881d9f"},"sources":[{"anchor":"APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D","file":"app-psql.html","label":"18.6 English manual · app-psql.html","sha256":"fa2a1d39294b8854318e82e93f71272c645ed88150ecc2786c28902c3f32782c","url":"/docs/18/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D"}]},"MeasuredEvidence":{}},"Text":{"Collection":"psql","Key":"cmd-64","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"18","Locale":"en","Title":"\\d","Summary":"For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( “ Matching the pattern ” is defined in Patterns below.)","BodyHTML":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdl\u003e\u003cdt id=\"APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\\d[Sx+] [ \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-PATTERNS\" title=\"Patterns\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003epattern\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e ]\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the \u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003epattern\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as \u003ccode\u003eNOT NULL\u003c/code\u003e or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. (\u003cspan\u003e“\u003cspan\u003eMatching the pattern\u003c/span\u003e”\u003c/span\u003e is defined in \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-PATTERNS\" title=\"Patterns\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePatterns\u003c/a\u003e below.)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor some types of relation, \u003ccode\u003e\\d\u003c/code\u003e shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe command form \u003ccode\u003e\\d+\u003c/code\u003e is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/sql-altertable.html#SQL-ALTERTABLE-REPLICA-IDENTITY\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ereplica identity\u003c/a\u003e setting and the \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/sql-create-access-method.html\" title=\"CREATE ACCESS METHOD\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eaccess method\u003c/a\u003e name if the relation has an access method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the \u003ccode\u003eS\u003c/code\u003e modifier to include system objects.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eNote\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf \u003ccode\u003e\\d\u003c/code\u003e is used without a \u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003epattern\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e argument, it is equivalent to \u003ccode\u003e\\dtvmsE\u003c/code\u003e which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs with many other commands, if \u003ccode\u003ex\u003c/code\u003e is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \u003ccode\u003e\\d\u003c/code\u003e is used without a \u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003epattern\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e argument, and the \u003ccode\u003ex\u003c/code\u003e modifier cannot appear immediately after the \u003ccode\u003e\\d\u003c/code\u003e (because \u003ccode\u003e\\dx\u003c/code\u003e is a different command); the \u003ccode\u003ex\u003c/code\u003e modifier may only appear after an \u003ccode\u003eS\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003e+\u003c/code\u003e modifier. For example, \u003ccode\u003e\\d+x\u003c/code\u003e is equivalent to \u003ccode\u003e\\dtvmsE+x\u003c/code\u003e and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\u003c/dl\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","SourceRevision":"ee8d1a3612338fd9adf250730cb640fcc5233b5491337cc00a316a44e3a0b9f8","ContentHash":"74a0b30066518ecd677a5cc58dc34b100cb50aacb1c7dec5e2e0711d12281279","Payload":{"description":["For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( “ Matching the pattern ” is defined in Patterns below.)"],"manual_html":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdl class=\"variablelist\"\u003e\u003cdt id=\"APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\d[Sx+] [ \u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"/docs/18/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-PATTERNS\" title=\"Patterns\"\u003e\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epattern\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e ]\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epattern\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003eNOT NULL\u003c/code\u003e or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. (\u003cspan class=\"quote\"\u003e“\u003cspan class=\"quote\"\u003eMatching the pattern\u003c/span\u003e”\u003c/span\u003e is defined in \u003ca class=\"xref\" href=\"/docs/18/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-PATTERNS\" title=\"Patterns\"\u003ePatterns\u003c/a\u003e below.)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor some types of relation, \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\d\u003c/code\u003e shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe command form \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\d+\u003c/code\u003e is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default \u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"/docs/18/sql-altertable.html#SQL-ALTERTABLE-REPLICA-IDENTITY\"\u003ereplica identity\u003c/a\u003e setting and the \u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"/docs/18/sql-create-access-method.html\" title=\"CREATE ACCESS METHOD\"\u003eaccess method\u003c/a\u003e name if the relation has an access method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003eS\u003c/code\u003e modifier to include system objects.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"note\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"title\"\u003eNote\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf \u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003e\\d\u003c/code\u003e is used without a \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epattern\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e argument, it is equivalent to \u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003e\\dtvmsE\u003c/code\u003e which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs with many other commands, if \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003ex\u003c/code\u003e is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003e\\d\u003c/code\u003e is used without a \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epattern\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e argument, and the \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003ex\u003c/code\u003e modifier cannot appear immediately after the \u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003e\\d\u003c/code\u003e (because \u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003e\\dx\u003c/code\u003e is a different command); the \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003ex\u003c/code\u003e modifier may only appear after an \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003eS\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e+\u003c/code\u003e modifier. For example, \u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003e\\d+x\u003c/code\u003e is equivalent to \u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003e\\dtvmsE+x\u003c/code\u003e and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\u003c/dl\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","related":[{"label":"psql command-line options and complete manual","url":"/wiki/tool/psql/?v=18"}],"sections":[],"tables":[{"columns":[{"key":"command","label":"Command"},{"key":"modifiers","label":"Documented suffix modifiers"}],"key":"spellings","rows":[{"command":{"text":"\\d","url":"/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=18"},"modifiers":"Sx+"}],"title":"Spellings in this manual definition"}]}},"RequestedLocale":"zh-Hans","Fallback":true,"Versions":["10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20"],"Locales":["en"],"Signatures":null,"Spellings":[{"Version":"18","Ordinal":0,"Command":"\\d","Signature":"\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]","Modifiers":[{"command":"\\d","modifiers":"Sx+"}]}],"SQLState":null,"Evidence":null}