{"Entry":{"collection":"psql","key":"cmd-67","name":"\\g","aliases":["\\g"],"metadata":{"aliases":["\\g"],"category":"Query execution","content_hash":"a6e3c0be7f55b0e47c48c02136c344a053b4cb88dfc049f1405077c3b44eaae1","imported_at":"2026-09-30T00:40:45.022897+08:00","name":"\\g","name_zh":"","slug":"cmd-67","summary":"Sends the current query buffer to the server for execution."}},"Definition":{"Collection":"psql","Key":"cmd-67","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"18","SourceTable":"psql_command","SourceKey":"cmd-67","SourceRevision":"ee8d1a3612338fd9adf250730cb640fcc5233b5491337cc00a316a44e3a0b9f8","Facts":{"command":"\\g","comparison_data":{"definition":"Sends the current query buffer to the server for execution. If parentheses appear after \\g , they surround a space-separated list of option = value formatting-option clauses, which are interpreted in the same way as \\pset option value commands, but take effect only for the duration of this query. In this list, spaces are not allowed around = signs, but are required between option clauses. If = value is omitted, the named option is changed in the same way as for \\pset option with no explicit value . If a filename or | command argument is given, the query's output is written to the named file or piped to the given shell command, instead of displaying it as usual. The file or command is written to only if the query successfully returns zero or more tuples, not if the query fails or is a non-data-returning SQL command. If the current query buffer is empty, the most recently sent query is re-executed instead. Except for that behavior, \\g without any arguments is essentially equivalent to a semicolon. With arguments, \\g provides a “ one-shot ” alternative to the \\o command, and additionally allows one-shot adjustments of the output formatting options normally set by \\pset . When the last argument begins with | , the entire remainder of the line is taken to be the command to execute, and neither variable interpolation nor backquote expansion are performed in it. The rest of the line is simply passed literally to the shell.","modifiers":[],"signature":"\\g [ ( option = value [...]) ] [ filename ] \\g [ ( option = value [...]) ] [ | command ]","spellings":["\\g"]},"comparison_hash":"fcf271c4683692aaeae3e4499d82dbc766c4cabaffbbeabffcc2db03bb450831","description":["Sends the current query buffer to the server for execution."],"facts":[{"label":"Client","value":"psql 18.6"},{"label":"Case-sensitive spelling","value":"\\g"}],"manual_html":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdl class=\"variablelist\"\u003e\u003cdt id=\"APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-G\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\g [ (\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e=\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e [...]) ] [ \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efilename\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e ]\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\g [ (\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e=\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e [...]) ] [ |\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecommand\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e ]\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSends the current query buffer to the server for execution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf parentheses appear after \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\g\u003c/code\u003e, they surround a space-separated list of \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e=\u003c/code\u003e\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e formatting-option clauses, which are interpreted in the same way as \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\pset\u003c/code\u003e \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e commands, but take effect only for the duration of this query. In this list, spaces are not allowed around \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e=\u003c/code\u003e signs, but are required between option clauses. If \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e=\u003c/code\u003e\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e is omitted, the named \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e is changed in the same way as for \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\pset\u003c/code\u003e \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e with no explicit \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf a \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efilename\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e or \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e|\u003c/code\u003e\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecommand\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e argument is given, the query's output is written to the named file or piped to the given shell command, instead of displaying it as usual. The file or command is written to only if the query successfully returns zero or more tuples, not if the query fails or is a non-data-returning SQL command.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf the current query buffer is empty, the most recently sent query is re-executed instead. Except for that behavior, \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\g\u003c/code\u003e without any arguments is essentially equivalent to a semicolon. With arguments, \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\g\u003c/code\u003e provides a \u003cspan class=\"quote\"\u003e“\u003cspan class=\"quote\"\u003eone-shot\u003c/span\u003e”\u003c/span\u003e alternative to the \u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003e\\o\u003c/code\u003e command, and additionally allows one-shot adjustments of the output formatting options normally set by \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\pset\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the last argument begins with \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e|\u003c/code\u003e, the entire remainder of the line is taken to be the \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecommand\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e to execute, and neither variable interpolation nor backquote expansion are performed in it. The rest of the line is simply passed literally to the shell.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\u003c/dl\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","manual_path":"app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-G","modifiers":[],"related":[{"label":"psql command-line options and complete manual","url":"/wiki/tool/psql/?v=18"}],"release":{"channel":"stable","evidence_kind":"English manual and source declarations","label":"18.6","major":"18","manifest":{"index":"index.html","major":"18","pages":1148,"pdf":{"A4":{"built_at":"2026-09-26","bytes":15865106,"pages":3154,"sha256":"19512c405da53f9f7fcf0abba359223aa65f021be025bf3411381918f92e3190","url":"/files/documentation/pdf/18/postgresql-18-A4.pdf"},"US":{"built_at":"2026-09-26","bytes":15748059,"pages":3328,"sha256":"facbe6c229e598b872d3d98bef53308f46e06746006fa4590de9a7de9dd46319","url":"/files/documentation/pdf/18/postgresql-18-US.pdf"}},"release":"18.6","source_mode":"en SGML built with pinned official 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id=\"APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-G\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\\g [ (\u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e=\u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e [...]) ] [ \u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003efilename\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e ]\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\\g [ (\u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e=\u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e [...]) ] [ |\u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecommand\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e ]\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSends the current query buffer to the server for execution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf parentheses appear after \u003ccode\u003e\\g\u003c/code\u003e, they surround a space-separated list of \u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003ccode\u003e=\u003c/code\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e formatting-option clauses, which are interpreted in the same way as \u003ccode\u003e\\pset\u003c/code\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e commands, but take effect only for the duration of this query. In this list, spaces are not allowed around \u003ccode\u003e=\u003c/code\u003e signs, but are required between option clauses. If \u003ccode\u003e=\u003c/code\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e is omitted, the named \u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e is changed in the same way as for \u003ccode\u003e\\pset\u003c/code\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e with no explicit \u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf a \u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003efilename\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e or \u003ccode\u003e|\u003c/code\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecommand\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e argument is given, the query\u0026#39;s output is written to the named file or piped to the given shell command, instead of displaying it as usual. The file or command is written to only if the query successfully returns zero or more tuples, not if the query fails or is a non-data-returning SQL command.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf the current query buffer is empty, the most recently sent query is re-executed instead. Except for that behavior, \u003ccode\u003e\\g\u003c/code\u003e without any arguments is essentially equivalent to a semicolon. With arguments, \u003ccode\u003e\\g\u003c/code\u003e provides a \u003cspan\u003e“\u003cspan\u003eone-shot\u003c/span\u003e”\u003c/span\u003e alternative to the \u003ccode\u003e\\o\u003c/code\u003e command, and additionally allows one-shot adjustments of the output formatting options normally set by \u003ccode\u003e\\pset\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the last argument begins with \u003ccode\u003e|\u003c/code\u003e, the entire remainder of the line is taken to be the \u003cem\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecommand\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e to execute, and neither variable interpolation nor backquote expansion are performed in it. The rest of the line is simply passed literally to the shell.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\u003c/dl\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","SourceRevision":"ee8d1a3612338fd9adf250730cb640fcc5233b5491337cc00a316a44e3a0b9f8","ContentHash":"7b6c3a68803037bd32d848efe3022d977b060b7f2b12903e6bdcfdf75a873c89","Payload":{"description":["Sends the current query buffer to the server for execution."],"manual_html":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdl class=\"variablelist\"\u003e\u003cdt id=\"APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-G\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\g [ (\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e=\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e [...]) ] [ \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efilename\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e ]\u003c/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"term\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\g [ (\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e=\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e [...]) ] [ |\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecommand\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e ]\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSends the current query buffer to the server for execution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf parentheses appear after \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\g\u003c/code\u003e, they surround a space-separated list of \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e=\u003c/code\u003e\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e formatting-option clauses, which are interpreted in the same way as \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\pset\u003c/code\u003e \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e commands, but take effect only for the duration of this query. In this list, spaces are not allowed around \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e=\u003c/code\u003e signs, but are required between option clauses. If \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e=\u003c/code\u003e\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e is omitted, the named \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e is changed in the same way as for \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\pset\u003c/code\u003e \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoption\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e with no explicit \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalue\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf a \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efilename\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e or \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e|\u003c/code\u003e\u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecommand\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e argument is given, the query's output is written to the named file or piped to the given shell command, instead of displaying it as usual. The file or command is written to only if the query successfully returns zero or more tuples, not if the query fails or is a non-data-returning SQL command.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf the current query buffer is empty, the most recently sent query is re-executed instead. Except for that behavior, \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\g\u003c/code\u003e without any arguments is essentially equivalent to a semicolon. With arguments, \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\g\u003c/code\u003e provides a \u003cspan class=\"quote\"\u003e“\u003cspan class=\"quote\"\u003eone-shot\u003c/span\u003e”\u003c/span\u003e alternative to the \u003ccode class=\"command\"\u003e\\o\u003c/code\u003e command, and additionally allows one-shot adjustments of the output formatting options normally set by \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e\\pset\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the last argument begins with \u003ccode class=\"literal\"\u003e|\u003c/code\u003e, the entire remainder of the line is taken to be the \u003cem class=\"replaceable\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecommand\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/em\u003e to execute, and neither variable interpolation nor backquote expansion are performed in it. The rest of the line is simply passed literally to the shell.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/dd\u003e\u003c/dl\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","related":[{"label":"psql command-line options and complete manual","url":"/wiki/tool/psql/?v=18"}],"sections":[],"tables":[{"columns":[{"key":"command","label":"Command"},{"key":"modifiers","label":"Documented suffix modifiers"}],"key":"spellings","rows":[{"command":{"text":"\\g","url":"/wiki/psql/cmd-67/?v=18"},"modifiers":"None listed in this signature"}],"title":"Spellings in this manual definition"}]}},"RequestedLocale":"zh-Hans","Fallback":true,"Versions":["10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20"],"Locales":["en"],"Signatures":null,"Spellings":[{"Version":"18","Ordinal":0,"Command":"\\g","Signature":"\\g [ ( option = value [...]) ] [ filename ] \\g [ ( option = value [...]) ] [ | command ]","Modifiers":[]}],"SQLState":null,"Evidence":null}