{"Entry":{"collection":"sqlstate","key":"22038","name":"22038","aliases":[],"metadata":{"aliases":[],"case_count":0,"class_code":"22","condition_name":"singleton_sql_json_item_required","condition_names":["singleton_sql_json_item_required"],"content_hash":"7dc61ff1f3e48437354247571e25ba55a85f8e873295e62f5c432656810bc18f","depth":"reference","editorial_review":"reviewed","evidence_tier":"source_path_confirmed","imported_at":"2026-09-30T17:45:27.10653+08:00","introduced":null,"known_present_by":"12.0","macros":["ERRCODE_SINGLETON_SQL_JSON_ITEM_REQUIRED"],"name_zh":"","present_in":["12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19"],"preview_in":["19"],"primary_macro":"ERRCODE_SINGLETON_SQL_JSON_ITEM_REQUIRED","removed":null,"runtime_verification":"not_run","severity_classes":["E"],"snippet_count":0,"source_rev":"english-manuals:5b84e8967d81c30953c66bad5e88ad21e0de7a2f7c203bfd6a8737eaa1a6c1ef","sqlstate":"22038","status":"active","summary_zh":"SQL/JSON 路径要求单一指定类型的结果。"}},"Definition":{"Collection":"sqlstate","Key":"22038","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"18","SourceTable":"sqlstate","SourceKey":"22038","SourceRevision":"english-manuals:5b84e8967d81c30953c66bad5e88ad21e0de7a2f7c203bfd6a8737eaa1a6c1ef","Facts":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Data Exception","condition_name":"singleton_sql_json_item_required","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"22038"},"ManualEvidence":{"doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"}},"MeasuredEvidence":{}},"Text":{"Collection":"sqlstate","Key":"22038","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"","Locale":"zh-Hans","Title":"22038 — singleton_sql_json_item_required","Summary":"SQL/JSON 路径要求单一指定类型的结果。","BodyHTML":"\u003ch1\u003e22038\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e速览 {#at-a-glance}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSQL/JSON 路径操作要求一个特定类型的单一结果，却收到了不同的基数或类型。固定路径覆盖单一布尔结果，以及 jsonpath 二元算术的左右两个数值操作数；SQL 函数和 \u003ccode\u003e@@\u003c/code\u003e 操作符的 silent 默认行为不同。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e报文 {#messages}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e代表性首要报文如下：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e| 触发条件 | 首要报文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 抛错模式下 \u003ccode\u003ejsonb_path_match\u003c/code\u003e 的结果不是单一布尔项 | \u003ccode\u003esingle boolean result is expected\u003c/code\u003e |\n| 二元算术左操作数不是一个数值项 | \u003ccode\u003eleft operand of jsonpath operator %s is not a single numeric value\u003c/code\u003e |\n| 二元算术右操作数不是一个数值项 | \u003ccode\u003eright operand of jsonpath operator %s is not a single numeric value\u003c/code\u003e |\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e含义 {#meaning}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003ejsonb_path_match_internal\u003c/code\u003e 把恰好两个 C 参数识别为 \u003ccode\u003e@@\u003c/code\u003e 操作符路径：\u003ccode\u003ejsonb_path_match_opr\u003c/code\u003e 保持 \u003ccode\u003esilent=true\u003c/code\u003e，所以结果不是单一布尔项时返回 NULL。SQL 函数声明为 \u003ccode\u003ejsonb_path_match(target, path, vars DEFAULT \u0026#39;{}\u0026#39;, silent DEFAULT false)\u003c/code\u003e；即使 SQL 调用只写两个参数，两个默认参数也会补齐，因此它是非 silent 的，除非调用者显式传入 \u003ccode\u003esilent=true\u003c/code\u003e，否则可能报告 22038。四参数调用遵循实际传入的 \u003ccode\u003esilent\u003c/code\u003e 值。单个 JSON null 会返回 SQL NULL。二元算术则分别计算左右操作数序列，两边都必须恰好包含一个数值项。共享执行器在 lax 模式下可能先解包数组，再进行单项检查。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e诊断 {#diagnosis}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e先确认语法使用的是 \u003ccode\u003e@@\u003c/code\u003e 操作符还是 \u003ccode\u003ejsonb_path_match\u003c/code\u003e 函数，并检查实际参数及默认参数展开，之后再解释 NULL 结果。路径产生多个值、match 结果不是布尔值，或左右项不是数值，都属于这个单项/类型边界。将其与 JSON_QUERY/JSON_VALUE 基数错误 22034、标量类型约束 2203F，以及数值项方法转换错误 22036 区分开。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e处理 {#response}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e收窄路径或明确选取一个项。二元算术应确保左右操作数各自解析为一个数值项；如果确实需要抑制错误可使用 \u003ccode\u003e@@\u003c/code\u003e，如果希望不匹配仍报告 ERROR 则调用 \u003ccode\u003ejsonb_path_match(..., false)\u003c/code\u003e；只有业务确实要返回 NULL 时才传入 \u003ccode\u003esilent=true\u003c/code\u003e。如果 ERROR 发生在显式事务中，应先 ROLLBACK 或回滚到既有保存点再重试；自动提交可重试修正后的动作。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e版本 {#versions}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e锁定目录从 12.0 起记录该条件；固定的 match 和二元算术路径来自 PostgreSQL 18.6。本页未声称有自然运行观察。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e相关 {#related}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/22034/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e22034\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e、\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/2203F/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e2203F\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e、\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/22036/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e22036\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e来源 {#sources}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ematch 包装器和单项检查见 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c#L453\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ejsonpath_exec.c#L453-491\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e；二元算术单项检查见 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c#L2087\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e#L2087-2155\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e；共享的 strict/lax 与抛出/返回宏见 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c#L235\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e#L235-249\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e。SQL 默认参数固定在 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/catalog/system_functions.sql#L539\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003esystem_functions.sql#L539-544\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e，函数和 \u003ccode\u003e@@\u003c/code\u003e 实现签名见 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat#L10520\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epg_proc.dat#L10520-10522\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e 与 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat#L10547\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e#L10547-10549\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e，操作符绑定见 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/include/catalog/pg_operator.dat#L3262\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epg_operator.dat#L3262-3264\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e。结构化\u003ca href=\"#sources\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e证据记录\u003c/a\u003e保留两条路径和准确首要报文；本页未运行自然案例。\u003c/p\u003e\n","SourceRevision":"english-manuals:5b84e8967d81c30953c66bad5e88ad21e0de7a2f7c203bfd6a8737eaa1a6c1ef","ContentHash":"7342120a793f2ff31771cf87a43f0a58199063db3749923c662544e5d85f95cb","Payload":{"body_md":"# 22038\n\n## 速览 {#at-a-glance}\nSQL/JSON 路径操作要求一个特定类型的单一结果，却收到了不同的基数或类型。固定路径覆盖单一布尔结果，以及 jsonpath 二元算术的左右两个数值操作数；SQL 函数和 `@@` 操作符的 silent 默认行为不同。\n\n\n## 报文 {#messages}\n代表性首要报文如下：\n\n| 触发条件 | 首要报文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 抛错模式下 `jsonb_path_match` 的结果不是单一布尔项 | `single boolean result is expected` |\n| 二元算术左操作数不是一个数值项 | `left operand of jsonpath operator %s is not a single numeric value` |\n| 二元算术右操作数不是一个数值项 | `right operand of jsonpath operator %s is not a single numeric value` |\n\n## 含义 {#meaning}\n`jsonb_path_match_internal` 把恰好两个 C 参数识别为 `@@` 操作符路径：`jsonb_path_match_opr` 保持 `silent=true`，所以结果不是单一布尔项时返回 NULL。SQL 函数声明为 `jsonb_path_match(target, path, vars DEFAULT '{}', silent DEFAULT false)`；即使 SQL 调用只写两个参数，两个默认参数也会补齐，因此它是非 silent 的，除非调用者显式传入 `silent=true`，否则可能报告 22038。四参数调用遵循实际传入的 `silent` 值。单个 JSON null 会返回 SQL NULL。二元算术则分别计算左右操作数序列，两边都必须恰好包含一个数值项。共享执行器在 lax 模式下可能先解包数组，再进行单项检查。\n\n## 诊断 {#diagnosis}\n先确认语法使用的是 `@@` 操作符还是 `jsonb_path_match` 函数，并检查实际参数及默认参数展开，之后再解释 NULL 结果。路径产生多个值、match 结果不是布尔值，或左右项不是数值，都属于这个单项/类型边界。将其与 JSON_QUERY/JSON_VALUE 基数错误 22034、标量类型约束 2203F，以及数值项方法转换错误 22036 区分开。\n\n## 处理 {#response}\n收窄路径或明确选取一个项。二元算术应确保左右操作数各自解析为一个数值项；如果确实需要抑制错误可使用 `@@`，如果希望不匹配仍报告 ERROR 则调用 `jsonb_path_match(..., false)`；只有业务确实要返回 NULL 时才传入 `silent=true`。如果 ERROR 发生在显式事务中，应先 ROLLBACK 或回滚到既有保存点再重试；自动提交可重试修正后的动作。\n\n## 版本 {#versions}\n锁定目录从 12.0 起记录该条件；固定的 match 和二元算术路径来自 PostgreSQL 18.6。本页未声称有自然运行观察。\n\n## 相关 {#related}\n[`22034`](/wiki/sqlstate/22034/)、[`2203F`](/wiki/sqlstate/2203F/)、[`22036`](/wiki/sqlstate/22036/)\n\n## 来源 {#sources}\nmatch 包装器和单项检查见 [`jsonpath_exec.c#L453-491`](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c#L453)；二元算术单项检查见 [`#L2087-2155`](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c#L2087)；共享的 strict/lax 与抛出/返回宏见 [`#L235-249`](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c#L235)。SQL 默认参数固定在 [`system_functions.sql#L539-544`](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/catalog/system_functions.sql#L539)，函数和 `@@` 实现签名见 [`pg_proc.dat#L10520-10522`](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat#L10520) 与 [`#L10547-10549`](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat#L10547)，操作符绑定见 [`pg_operator.dat#L3262-3264`](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/include/catalog/pg_operator.dat#L3262)。结构化[证据记录](#sources)保留两条路径和准确首要报文；本页未运行自然案例。\n\n","description":"PostgreSQL SQLSTATE 22038 的来源与诊断参考。","is_stale":false,"name":"","sections":[{"anchor":"","heading":"","html":"\u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;22038\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;"},{"anchor":"at-a-glance","heading":"速览","html":"\u003cp\u003eSQL/JSON 路径操作要求一个特定类型的单一结果，却收到了不同的基数或类型。固定路径覆盖单一布尔结果，以及 jsonpath 二元算术的左右两个数值操作数；SQL 函数和 \u003ccode\u003e@@\u003c/code\u003e 操作符的 silent 默认行为不同。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"messages","heading":"报文","html":"\u003cp\u003e代表性首要报文如下：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e触发条件\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e首要报文\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e抛错模式下 \u003ccode\u003ejsonb_path_match\u003c/code\u003e 的结果不是单一布尔项\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003esingle boolean result is expected\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e二元算术左操作数不是一个数值项\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eleft operand of jsonpath operator %s is not a single numeric value\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e二元算术右操作数不是一个数值项\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eright operand of jsonpath operator %s is not a single numeric value\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"anchor":"meaning","heading":"含义","html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003ejsonb_path_match_internal\u003c/code\u003e 把恰好两个 C 参数识别为 \u003ccode\u003e@@\u003c/code\u003e 操作符路径：\u003ccode\u003ejsonb_path_match_opr\u003c/code\u003e 保持 \u003ccode\u003esilent=true\u003c/code\u003e，所以结果不是单一布尔项时返回 NULL。SQL 函数声明为 \u003ccode\u003ejsonb_path_match(target, path, vars DEFAULT '{}', silent DEFAULT false)\u003c/code\u003e；即使 SQL 调用只写两个参数，两个默认参数也会补齐，因此它是非 silent 的，除非调用者显式传入 \u003ccode\u003esilent=true\u003c/code\u003e，否则可能报告 22038。四参数调用遵循实际传入的 \u003ccode\u003esilent\u003c/code\u003e 值。单个 JSON null 会返回 SQL NULL。二元算术则分别计算左右操作数序列，两边都必须恰好包含一个数值项。共享执行器在 lax 模式下可能先解包数组，再进行单项检查。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"diagnosis","heading":"诊断","html":"\u003cp\u003e先确认语法使用的是 \u003ccode\u003e@@\u003c/code\u003e 操作符还是 \u003ccode\u003ejsonb_path_match\u003c/code\u003e 函数，并检查实际参数及默认参数展开，之后再解释 NULL 结果。路径产生多个值、match 结果不是布尔值，或左右项不是数值，都属于这个单项/类型边界。将其与 JSON_QUERY/JSON_VALUE 基数错误 22034、标量类型约束 2203F，以及数值项方法转换错误 22036 区分开。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"response","heading":"处理","html":"\u003cp\u003e收窄路径或明确选取一个项。二元算术应确保左右操作数各自解析为一个数值项；如果确实需要抑制错误可使用 \u003ccode\u003e@@\u003c/code\u003e，如果希望不匹配仍报告 ERROR 则调用 \u003ccode\u003ejsonb_path_match(..., false)\u003c/code\u003e；只有业务确实要返回 NULL 时才传入 \u003ccode\u003esilent=true\u003c/code\u003e。如果 ERROR 发生在显式事务中，应先 ROLLBACK 或回滚到既有保存点再重试；自动提交可重试修正后的动作。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"versions","heading":"版本","html":"\u003cp\u003e锁定目录从 12.0 起记录该条件；固定的 match 和二元算术路径来自 PostgreSQL 18.6。本页未声称有自然运行观察。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"related","heading":"相关","html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/22034/\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e22034\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e、\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/2203F/\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e2203F\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e、\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/22036/\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e22036\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"sources","heading":"来源","html":"\u003cp\u003ematch 包装器和单项检查见 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c#L453\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ejsonpath_exec.c#L453-491\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e；二元算术单项检查见 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c#L2087\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e#L2087-2155\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e；共享的 strict/lax 与抛出/返回宏见 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c#L235\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e#L235-249\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e。SQL 默认参数固定在 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/catalog/system_functions.sql#L539\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003esystem_functions.sql#L539-544\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e，函数和 \u003ccode\u003e@@\u003c/code\u003e 实现签名见 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat#L10520\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epg_proc.dat#L10520-10522\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e 与 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat#L10547\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e#L10547-10549\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e，操作符绑定见 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/include/catalog/pg_operator.dat#L3262\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epg_operator.dat#L3262-3264\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e。结构化\u003ca href=\"#sources\"\u003e证据记录\u003c/a\u003e保留两条路径和准确首要报文；本页未运行自然案例。\u003c/p\u003e"}],"summary":"SQL/JSON 路径要求单一指定类型的结果。","title":"22038 — singleton_sql_json_item_required","translation_source_rev":"62d52e69f4d4fb2be0acccd9c3a5fb3818f7a117ac7d57dede4deb2a8b118000"}},"RequestedLocale":"zh-Hans","Fallback":false,"Versions":["12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20"],"Locales":["en","zh-Hans"],"Signatures":null,"Spellings":null,"SQLState":{"aliases":[],"catalogue_notes":{"earliest_observed":"12.0","formal_scope":"9.0.0..18.6","latest_observed":"18.6","matrix_scope":["9.0.23","9.1.24","9.2.24","9.3.25","9.4.26","9.5.25","9.6.24","10.23","11.22","12.22","13.23","14.24","15.19","16.15","17.11","18.6"],"pre9_scope":{"formal_tag_count":191,"maximum_release":"8.4.22","minimum_release":"7.0.0","source_definition_count":153,"source_doc_count":153,"source_file_count":306,"source_scope":"7.4..8.4 definition files; 7.0..7.3 candidate-path source gap probes","source_tag_count":153},"pre9_status":"not_observed","preview_scope":["19beta3"]},"class":"22","class_name":"Data 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