{"Entry":{"collection":"sqlstate","key":"25P03","name":"25P03","aliases":[],"metadata":{"aliases":[],"case_count":1,"class_code":"25","condition_name":"idle_in_transaction_session_timeout","condition_names":["idle_in_transaction_session_timeout"],"content_hash":"a421f5280b7f40de948ace63c6a2497615235af11d4f50146427c81cb753f086","depth":"full","editorial_review":"reviewed","evidence_tier":"observed_runtime","imported_at":"2026-09-30T17:45:27.296834+08:00","introduced":null,"known_present_by":"9.6.0","macros":["ERRCODE_IDLE_IN_TRANSACTION_SESSION_TIMEOUT"],"name_zh":"事务中空闲会话超时","present_in":["9.6","10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19"],"preview_in":["19"],"primary_macro":"ERRCODE_IDLE_IN_TRANSACTION_SESSION_TIMEOUT","removed":null,"runtime_verification":"passed","severity_classes":["E"],"snippet_count":1,"source_rev":"english-manuals:1db52d3da9a813f5a4ad9099aae2dc662e759b68aa365475726e0f99ee98adc1","sqlstate":"25P03","status":"active","summary_zh":"会话在开放事务中空闲超时，被服务器终止。"}},"Definition":{"Collection":"sqlstate","Key":"25P03","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"18","SourceTable":"sqlstate","SourceKey":"25P03","SourceRevision":"english-manuals:1db52d3da9a813f5a4ad9099aae2dc662e759b68aa365475726e0f99ee98adc1","Facts":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Invalid Transaction State","condition_name":"idle_in_transaction_session_timeout","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"25P03"},"ManualEvidence":{"doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"}},"MeasuredEvidence":{}},"Text":{"Collection":"sqlstate","Key":"25P03","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"","Locale":"zh-Hans","Title":"25P03 — 事务中空闲会话超时（idle_in_transaction_session_timeout）","Summary":"会话在开放事务中空闲超时，被服务器终止。","BodyHTML":"\u003ch1\u003e25P03 — 事务中空闲会话超时（idle_in_transaction_session_timeout）\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e速览 {#at-a-glance}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003e25P03\u003c/code\u003e 是终止会话的 FATAL 条件。当会话在开放事务中等待客户端下一条查询的时间超过有效 \u003ccode\u003eidle_in_transaction_session_timeout\u003c/code\u003e 时触发。选定案例使用 300 ms 作为测试触发值，不是生产建议。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e含义 {#meaning}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e该超时防止会话在等待客户端期间长期持有开放事务，从而持有锁并延迟清理。它作用于事务中的空闲等待，包括 \u003ccode\u003eidle in transaction\u003c/code\u003e 和 \u003ccode\u003eidle in transaction (aborted)\u003c/code\u003e 状态，不是正在执行的语句；\u003ccode\u003estatement_timeout\u003c/code\u003e 取消单条语句，而支持该设置的版本中 \u003ccode\u003etransaction_timeout\u003c/code\u003e 限制整个事务生命周期。选定运行只覆盖未中止的 \u003ccode\u003eINTRANS\u003c/code\u003e 路径。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e诊断 {#diagnosis}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e会话消失前，先在该目标会话自身检查有效的 \u003ccode\u003eSHOW idle_in_transaction_session_timeout\u003c/code\u003e（或对应的 \u003ccode\u003epg_settings\u003c/code\u003e 行）。控制连接上的 \u003ccode\u003eSHOW\u003c/code\u003e 或 \u003ccode\u003epg_settings\u003c/code\u003e 反映的是观察者后端，不能用来确认另一个会话实际通过 \u003ccode\u003eSET\u003c/code\u003e 得到的值。再从控制连接查看 \u003ccode\u003epg_stat_activity\u003c/code\u003e 中 \u003ccode\u003epid\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003eusename\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003eapplication_name\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003eclient_addr\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003estate\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003exact_start\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003estate_change\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003equery_start\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003equery\u003c/code\u003e 等字段，并筛选 \u003ccode\u003estate IN (\u0026#39;idle in transaction\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;idle in transaction (aborted)\u0026#39;)\u003c/code\u003e。若状态已经中止，应把更早的根错误和 25P02 作为独立诊断保留；选定运行是未中止的 \u003ccode\u003eINTRANS\u003c/code\u003e 路径。这些字段可定位连接池或应用路径以及空闲时长，但观察者权限可能限制可见内容。再按 backend PID、SQLSTATE、\u003ccode\u003eerror_severity = FATAL\u003c/code\u003e 和精确报文关联 FATAL 记录。选定的 psycopg/libpq 栈在驱动诊断和 CSV 日志中都暴露了 25P03；PG18 还提供 JSON 日志。原连接已关闭，不能在其上用 \u003ccode\u003eROLLBACK\u003c/code\u003e 修复事务。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e处理 {#response}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e把原会话视为已消失：从连接池移除它，重连后再判断能否重试幂等工作。要避免再次发生，应在连接归还连接池前提交或回滚，并修复留下开放事务的应用路径。不要为了压制错误而降低该超时；更短的值会更容易触发终止。可把有效值设在合法空闲时长之上；只有部署明确接受锁和清理风险时才设为 \u003ccode\u003e0\u003c/code\u003e。服务器关闭该会话时会在退出前回滚开放且尚未完成的事务；死亡连接不能再接收 \u003ccode\u003eROLLBACK\u003c/code\u003e。对已终止会话中已知未提交的事务，不能通过该连接恢复。若是另一种网络故障发生在客户端可能已发送 \u003ccode\u003eCOMMIT\u003c/code\u003e 之后，应从新连接对账业务结果再重试；并非每个 25P03 FATAL 都意味着这种不确定性。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFATAL 报文 {#messages}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e服务器源码固定报出 \u003ccode\u003eterminating connection due to idle-in-transaction timeout\u003c/code\u003e，严重级别为 \u003ccode\u003eFATAL\u003c/code\u003e；原连接会被终止。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e实测诊断 {#observed}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003e18.6 (Homebrew) / latest\u003c/code\u003e：FATAL SQLSTATE \u003ccode\u003e25P03\u003c/code\u003e；主报文 \u003ccode\u003eterminating connection due to idle-in-transaction timeout\u003c/code\u003e；backend PID \u003ccode\u003e26447\u003c/code\u003e；原连接已关闭 \u003ccode\u003eTrue\u003c/code\u003e；CSV 日志 \u003ccode\u003e25P03\u003c/code\u003e；JSON 日志 \u003ccode\u003e25P03\u003c/code\u003e；新连接探测 \u003ccode\u003e1\u003c/code\u003e。\n\u003ccode\u003e10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1) / pg10\u003c/code\u003e：FATAL SQLSTATE \u003ccode\u003e25P03\u003c/code\u003e；主报文 \u003ccode\u003eterminating connection due to idle-in-transaction timeout\u003c/code\u003e；backend PID \u003ccode\u003e81\u003c/code\u003e；原连接已关闭 \u003ccode\u003eTrue\u003c/code\u003e；CSV 日志 \u003ccode\u003e25P03\u003c/code\u003e；JSON 日志 \u003ccode\u003e不适用\u003c/code\u003e；新连接探测 \u003ccode\u003e1\u003c/code\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e代表案例 {#case}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e下列 SQL 片段不是一次性粘贴脚本：在测试连接上执行设置、PID 和 \u003ccode\u003eBEGIN\u003c/code\u003e 后停止发送查询，由独立观察连接或日志收集器等待 FATAL；原连接终止后，另开新连接执行最后的探测。运行器从共享语句清单（registry）读取这些语句，完整断言、日志收集器关联、环境和清理见 \u003ca href=\"#cases\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e案例导出\u003c/a\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e-- set_timeout\nSET idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = \u0026#39;300ms\u0026#39;;\n-- backend_pid\nSELECT pg_backend_pid();\n-- begin\nBEGIN;\n-- probe\nSELECT 1;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e上述片段的 SQLSTATE、诊断、状态和修复断言来自共享语句清单（registry）（SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e95fd079c8bca77c6e3ffc398e404a218e4f810e5fa36e30127cbc6470a6d6eb2\u003c/code\u003e）；\u003ca href=\"#sources\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e结构化证据\u003c/a\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e作者证据 ID：\u003ccode\u003eidentity\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003etimeout-path\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eruntime\u003c/code\u003e。选定运行记录：\u003ccode\u003eruntime.25P03-batch2c-latest-20260909.latest\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eruntime.25P03-batch2c-pg10-20260909.pg10\u003c/code\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e版本与边界 {#versions}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e选定的 300 ms 终止案例在 PostgreSQL 18.6 与 10.21 通过。PG18 按配置提供 CSV 和 JSON 日志记录；PG10 只有 CSV。两个目标的新连接都成功执行 \u003ccode\u003eSELECT 1\u003c/code\u003e。超时值取决于部署，本案例不规定生产值。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e相关 {#related}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/25P04/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e25P04 事务超时\u003c/a\u003e、\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/25006/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e25006 只读 SQL 事务\u003c/a\u003e、\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/57014/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e57014 查询取消\u003c/a\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e来源 {#sources}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.errcodes.18.6\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba\u003c/code\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.calls.REL_18_6\u003c/code\u003e — \u003ccode\u003eraw/calls/REL_18_6.jsonl\u003c/code\u003e (SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf\u003c/code\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c#L3473-L3501\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.postgres.18.6\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e9fb62275b1badf94d01ab351337b60410cd9b3ab1fe63fa9f23d6d2185a21061\u003c/code\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml#L10252-L10347\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.config.18.6\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003effca322c15315ba670733d6b320f23cbba7374db0d18937298ffc07b58799ef6\u003c/code\u003e) · \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/runtime-config-client.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eofficial documentation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml#L706-L875\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edoc.monitoring.18.6\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e06b147f8d966fe46821871703ffcee8a3449cc3f7de5b64b9177f48569fe96f6\u003c/code\u003e) · \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/monitoring-stats.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e官方监控文档\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L604-L605\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.system_views.18.6\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e418f4ae7472fe0742e6fbdc7a055581602c5131e082aa6f17e2c7269bf711972\u003c/code\u003e) · \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/view-pg-settings.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e官方 \u003ccode\u003epg_settings\u003c/code\u003e 文档\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml#L61-L65\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edoc.protocol.18.6\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e745339e07ebbc2bb67d98b258e25772ada644ef26011e3cd6b3fcbb435235f89\u003c/code\u003e) · \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/protocol.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e官方协议文档\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n","SourceRevision":"english-manuals:1db52d3da9a813f5a4ad9099aae2dc662e759b68aa365475726e0f99ee98adc1","ContentHash":"f8684389a685d4bc770ac0701a2715a6993fe6448e4dfea022d25a52ec8c5361","Payload":{"body_md":"# 25P03 — 事务中空闲会话超时（idle_in_transaction_session_timeout）\n\n## 速览 {#at-a-glance}\n\n`25P03` 是终止会话的 FATAL 条件。当会话在开放事务中等待客户端下一条查询的时间超过有效 `idle_in_transaction_session_timeout` 时触发。选定案例使用 300 ms 作为测试触发值，不是生产建议。\n\n\n## 含义 {#meaning}\n\n该超时防止会话在等待客户端期间长期持有开放事务，从而持有锁并延迟清理。它作用于事务中的空闲等待，包括 `idle in transaction` 和 `idle in transaction (aborted)` 状态，不是正在执行的语句；`statement_timeout` 取消单条语句，而支持该设置的版本中 `transaction_timeout` 限制整个事务生命周期。选定运行只覆盖未中止的 `INTRANS` 路径。\n\n## 诊断 {#diagnosis}\n\n会话消失前，先在该目标会话自身检查有效的 `SHOW idle_in_transaction_session_timeout`（或对应的 `pg_settings` 行）。控制连接上的 `SHOW` 或 `pg_settings` 反映的是观察者后端，不能用来确认另一个会话实际通过 `SET` 得到的值。再从控制连接查看 `pg_stat_activity` 中 `pid`、`usename`、`application_name`、`client_addr`、`state`、`xact_start`、`state_change`、`query_start`、`query` 等字段，并筛选 `state IN ('idle in transaction', 'idle in transaction (aborted)')`。若状态已经中止，应把更早的根错误和 25P02 作为独立诊断保留；选定运行是未中止的 `INTRANS` 路径。这些字段可定位连接池或应用路径以及空闲时长，但观察者权限可能限制可见内容。再按 backend PID、SQLSTATE、`error_severity = FATAL` 和精确报文关联 FATAL 记录。选定的 psycopg/libpq 栈在驱动诊断和 CSV 日志中都暴露了 25P03；PG18 还提供 JSON 日志。原连接已关闭，不能在其上用 `ROLLBACK` 修复事务。\n\n## 处理 {#response}\n\n把原会话视为已消失：从连接池移除它，重连后再判断能否重试幂等工作。要避免再次发生，应在连接归还连接池前提交或回滚，并修复留下开放事务的应用路径。不要为了压制错误而降低该超时；更短的值会更容易触发终止。可把有效值设在合法空闲时长之上；只有部署明确接受锁和清理风险时才设为 `0`。服务器关闭该会话时会在退出前回滚开放且尚未完成的事务；死亡连接不能再接收 `ROLLBACK`。对已终止会话中已知未提交的事务，不能通过该连接恢复。若是另一种网络故障发生在客户端可能已发送 `COMMIT` 之后，应从新连接对账业务结果再重试；并非每个 25P03 FATAL 都意味着这种不确定性。\n\n## FATAL 报文 {#messages}\n\n服务器源码固定报出 `terminating connection due to idle-in-transaction timeout`，严重级别为 `FATAL`；原连接会被终止。\n\n## 实测诊断 {#observed}\n\n`18.6 (Homebrew) / latest`：FATAL SQLSTATE `25P03`；主报文 `terminating connection due to idle-in-transaction timeout`；backend PID `26447`；原连接已关闭 `True`；CSV 日志 `25P03`；JSON 日志 `25P03`；新连接探测 `1`。\n`10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1) / pg10`：FATAL SQLSTATE `25P03`；主报文 `terminating connection due to idle-in-transaction timeout`；backend PID `81`；原连接已关闭 `True`；CSV 日志 `25P03`；JSON 日志 `不适用`；新连接探测 `1`。\n\n## 代表案例 {#case}\n\n下列 SQL 片段不是一次性粘贴脚本：在测试连接上执行设置、PID 和 `BEGIN` 后停止发送查询，由独立观察连接或日志收集器等待 FATAL；原连接终止后，另开新连接执行最后的探测。运行器从共享语句清单（registry）读取这些语句，完整断言、日志收集器关联、环境和清理见 [案例导出](#cases)。\n\n```sql\n-- set_timeout\nSET idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = '300ms';\n-- backend_pid\nSELECT pg_backend_pid();\n-- begin\nBEGIN;\n-- probe\nSELECT 1;\n```\n\n上述片段的 SQLSTATE、诊断、状态和修复断言来自共享语句清单（registry）（SHA-256 `95fd079c8bca77c6e3ffc398e404a218e4f810e5fa36e30127cbc6470a6d6eb2`）；[结构化证据](#sources)。\n\n作者证据 ID：`identity`, `timeout-path`, `runtime`。选定运行记录：`runtime.25P03-batch2c-latest-20260909.latest`, `runtime.25P03-batch2c-pg10-20260909.pg10`。\n## 版本与边界 {#versions}\n\n选定的 300 ms 终止案例在 PostgreSQL 18.6 与 10.21 通过。PG18 按配置提供 CSV 和 JSON 日志记录；PG10 只有 CSV。两个目标的新连接都成功执行 `SELECT 1`。超时值取决于部署，本案例不规定生产值。\n\n## 相关 {#related}\n\n[25P04 事务超时](/wiki/sqlstate/25P04/)、[25006 只读 SQL 事务](/wiki/sqlstate/25006/)、[57014 查询取消](/wiki/sqlstate/57014/)。\n\n## 来源 {#sources}\n\n- [`src.errcodes.18.6`](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt) (SHA-256 `6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba`)\n- `src.calls.REL_18_6` — `raw/calls/REL_18_6.jsonl` (SHA-256 `9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf`)\n- [`src.postgres.18.6`](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c#L3473-L3501) (SHA-256 `9fb62275b1badf94d01ab351337b60410cd9b3ab1fe63fa9f23d6d2185a21061`)\n- [`src.config.18.6`](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml#L10252-L10347) (SHA-256 `ffca322c15315ba670733d6b320f23cbba7374db0d18937298ffc07b58799ef6`) · [official documentation](/docs/18/runtime-config-client.html)\n- [`doc.monitoring.18.6`](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml#L706-L875) (SHA-256 `06b147f8d966fe46821871703ffcee8a3449cc3f7de5b64b9177f48569fe96f6`) · [官方监控文档](/docs/18/monitoring-stats.html)\n- [`src.system_views.18.6`](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L604-L605) (SHA-256 `418f4ae7472fe0742e6fbdc7a055581602c5131e082aa6f17e2c7269bf711972`) · [官方 `pg_settings` 文档](/docs/18/view-pg-settings.html)\n- [`doc.protocol.18.6`](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml#L61-L65) (SHA-256 `745339e07ebbc2bb67d98b258e25772ada644ef26011e3cd6b3fcbb435235f89`) · [官方协议文档](/docs/18/protocol.html)\n","description":"PostgreSQL SQLSTATE 25P03：诊断并恢复开放事务中空闲会话被服务器终止的过程。","is_stale":false,"name":"事务中空闲会话超时","sections":[{"anchor":"","heading":"","html":"\u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;25P03 — 事务中空闲会话超时（idle_in_transaction_session_timeout）\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;"},{"anchor":"at-a-glance","heading":"速览","html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003e25P03\u003c/code\u003e 是终止会话的 FATAL 条件。当会话在开放事务中等待客户端下一条查询的时间超过有效 \u003ccode\u003eidle_in_transaction_session_timeout\u003c/code\u003e 时触发。选定案例使用 300 ms 作为测试触发值，不是生产建议。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"meaning","heading":"含义","html":"\u003cp\u003e该超时防止会话在等待客户端期间长期持有开放事务，从而持有锁并延迟清理。它作用于事务中的空闲等待，包括 \u003ccode\u003eidle in transaction\u003c/code\u003e 和 \u003ccode\u003eidle in transaction (aborted)\u003c/code\u003e 状态，不是正在执行的语句；\u003ccode\u003estatement_timeout\u003c/code\u003e 取消单条语句，而支持该设置的版本中 \u003ccode\u003etransaction_timeout\u003c/code\u003e 限制整个事务生命周期。选定运行只覆盖未中止的 \u003ccode\u003eINTRANS\u003c/code\u003e 路径。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"diagnosis","heading":"诊断","html":"\u003cp\u003e会话消失前，先在该目标会话自身检查有效的 \u003ccode\u003eSHOW idle_in_transaction_session_timeout\u003c/code\u003e（或对应的 \u003ccode\u003epg_settings\u003c/code\u003e 行）。控制连接上的 \u003ccode\u003eSHOW\u003c/code\u003e 或 \u003ccode\u003epg_settings\u003c/code\u003e 反映的是观察者后端，不能用来确认另一个会话实际通过 \u003ccode\u003eSET\u003c/code\u003e 得到的值。再从控制连接查看 \u003ccode\u003epg_stat_activity\u003c/code\u003e 中 \u003ccode\u003epid\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003eusename\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003eapplication_name\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003eclient_addr\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003estate\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003exact_start\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003estate_change\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003equery_start\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003equery\u003c/code\u003e 等字段，并筛选 \u003ccode\u003estate IN ('idle in transaction', 'idle in transaction (aborted)')\u003c/code\u003e。若状态已经中止，应把更早的根错误和 25P02 作为独立诊断保留；选定运行是未中止的 \u003ccode\u003eINTRANS\u003c/code\u003e 路径。这些字段可定位连接池或应用路径以及空闲时长，但观察者权限可能限制可见内容。再按 backend PID、SQLSTATE、\u003ccode\u003eerror_severity = FATAL\u003c/code\u003e 和精确报文关联 FATAL 记录。选定的 psycopg/libpq 栈在驱动诊断和 CSV 日志中都暴露了 25P03；PG18 还提供 JSON 日志。原连接已关闭，不能在其上用 \u003ccode\u003eROLLBACK\u003c/code\u003e 修复事务。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"response","heading":"处理","html":"\u003cp\u003e把原会话视为已消失：从连接池移除它，重连后再判断能否重试幂等工作。要避免再次发生，应在连接归还连接池前提交或回滚，并修复留下开放事务的应用路径。不要为了压制错误而降低该超时；更短的值会更容易触发终止。可把有效值设在合法空闲时长之上；只有部署明确接受锁和清理风险时才设为 \u003ccode\u003e0\u003c/code\u003e。服务器关闭该会话时会在退出前回滚开放且尚未完成的事务；死亡连接不能再接收 \u003ccode\u003eROLLBACK\u003c/code\u003e。对已终止会话中已知未提交的事务，不能通过该连接恢复。若是另一种网络故障发生在客户端可能已发送 \u003ccode\u003eCOMMIT\u003c/code\u003e 之后，应从新连接对账业务结果再重试；并非每个 25P03 FATAL 都意味着这种不确定性。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"messages","heading":"FATAL 报文","html":"\u003cp\u003e服务器源码固定报出 \u003ccode\u003eterminating connection due to idle-in-transaction timeout\u003c/code\u003e，严重级别为 \u003ccode\u003eFATAL\u003c/code\u003e；原连接会被终止。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"observed","heading":"实测诊断","html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003e18.6 (Homebrew) / latest\u003c/code\u003e：FATAL SQLSTATE \u003ccode\u003e25P03\u003c/code\u003e；主报文 \u003ccode\u003eterminating connection due to idle-in-transaction timeout\u003c/code\u003e；backend PID \u003ccode\u003e26447\u003c/code\u003e；原连接已关闭 \u003ccode\u003eTrue\u003c/code\u003e；CSV 日志 \u003ccode\u003e25P03\u003c/code\u003e；JSON 日志 \u003ccode\u003e25P03\u003c/code\u003e；新连接探测 \u003ccode\u003e1\u003c/code\u003e。\n\u003ccode\u003e10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1) / pg10\u003c/code\u003e：FATAL SQLSTATE \u003ccode\u003e25P03\u003c/code\u003e；主报文 \u003ccode\u003eterminating connection due to idle-in-transaction timeout\u003c/code\u003e；backend PID \u003ccode\u003e81\u003c/code\u003e；原连接已关闭 \u003ccode\u003eTrue\u003c/code\u003e；CSV 日志 \u003ccode\u003e25P03\u003c/code\u003e；JSON 日志 \u003ccode\u003e不适用\u003c/code\u003e；新连接探测 \u003ccode\u003e1\u003c/code\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"case","heading":"代表案例","html":"\u003cp\u003e下列 SQL 片段不是一次性粘贴脚本：在测试连接上执行设置、PID 和 \u003ccode\u003eBEGIN\u003c/code\u003e 后停止发送查询，由独立观察连接或日志收集器等待 FATAL；原连接终止后，另开新连接执行最后的探测。运行器从共享语句清单（registry）读取这些语句，完整断言、日志收集器关联、环境和清理见 \u003ca href=\"#cases\"\u003e案例导出\u003c/a\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003e-- set_timeout\nSET idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = '300ms';\n-- backend_pid\nSELECT pg_backend_pid();\n-- begin\nBEGIN;\n-- probe\nSELECT 1;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e上述片段的 SQLSTATE、诊断、状态和修复断言来自共享语句清单（registry）（SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e95fd079c8bca77c6e3ffc398e404a218e4f810e5fa36e30127cbc6470a6d6eb2\u003c/code\u003e）；\u003ca href=\"#sources\"\u003e结构化证据\u003c/a\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e作者证据 ID：\u003ccode\u003eidentity\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003etimeout-path\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eruntime\u003c/code\u003e。选定运行记录：\u003ccode\u003eruntime.25P03-batch2c-latest-20260909.latest\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eruntime.25P03-batch2c-pg10-20260909.pg10\u003c/code\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"versions","heading":"版本与边界","html":"\u003cp\u003e选定的 300 ms 终止案例在 PostgreSQL 18.6 与 10.21 通过。PG18 按配置提供 CSV 和 JSON 日志记录；PG10 只有 CSV。两个目标的新连接都成功执行 \u003ccode\u003eSELECT 1\u003c/code\u003e。超时值取决于部署，本案例不规定生产值。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"related","heading":"相关","html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/25P04/\"\u003e25P04 事务超时\u003c/a\u003e、\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/25006/\"\u003e25006 只读 SQL 事务\u003c/a\u003e、\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/57014/\"\u003e57014 查询取消\u003c/a\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"sources","heading":"来源","html":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.errcodes.18.6\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba\u003c/code\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.calls.REL_18_6\u003c/code\u003e — \u003ccode\u003eraw/calls/REL_18_6.jsonl\u003c/code\u003e (SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf\u003c/code\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c#L3473-L3501\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.postgres.18.6\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e9fb62275b1badf94d01ab351337b60410cd9b3ab1fe63fa9f23d6d2185a21061\u003c/code\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml#L10252-L10347\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.config.18.6\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003effca322c15315ba670733d6b320f23cbba7374db0d18937298ffc07b58799ef6\u003c/code\u003e) · \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/runtime-config-client.html\"\u003eofficial documentation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml#L706-L875\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edoc.monitoring.18.6\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e06b147f8d966fe46821871703ffcee8a3449cc3f7de5b64b9177f48569fe96f6\u003c/code\u003e) · \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/monitoring-stats.html\"\u003e官方监控文档\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L604-L605\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.system_views.18.6\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e418f4ae7472fe0742e6fbdc7a055581602c5131e082aa6f17e2c7269bf711972\u003c/code\u003e) · \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/view-pg-settings.html\"\u003e官方 \u003ccode\u003epg_settings\u003c/code\u003e 文档\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml#L61-L65\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edoc.protocol.18.6\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e745339e07ebbc2bb67d98b258e25772ada644ef26011e3cd6b3fcbb435235f89\u003c/code\u003e) · \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/protocol.html\"\u003e官方协议文档\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"}],"summary":"会话在开放事务中空闲超时，被服务器终止。","title":"25P03 — 事务中空闲会话超时（idle_in_transaction_session_timeout）","translation_source_rev":"c0e461cdbab5793fcbed82d29ba0e164a35d301742d77f648ea877dc7df3cac6"}},"RequestedLocale":"zh-Hans","Fallback":false,"Versions":["10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20","9.6"],"Locales":["en","zh-Hans"],"Signatures":null,"Spellings":null,"SQLState":{"aliases":[],"catalogue_notes":{"earliest_observed":"9.6.0","formal_scope":"9.0.0..18.6","latest_observed":"18.6","matrix_scope":["9.0.23","9.1.24","9.2.24","9.3.25","9.4.26","9.5.25","9.6.24","10.23","11.22","12.22","13.23","14.24","15.19","16.15","17.11","18.6"],"pre9_scope":{"formal_tag_count":191,"maximum_release":"8.4.22","minimum_release":"7.0.0","source_definition_count":153,"source_doc_count":153,"source_file_count":306,"source_scope":"7.4..8.4 definition files; 7.0..7.3 candidate-path source gap probes","source_tag_count":153},"pre9_status":"not_observed","preview_scope":["19beta3"]},"class":"25","class_name":"Invalid Transaction 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