{"Entry":{"collection":"sqlstate","key":"428C9","name":"428C9","aliases":[],"metadata":{"aliases":[],"case_count":0,"class_code":"42","condition_name":"generated_always","condition_names":["generated_always"],"content_hash":"c44624194d9bbcbabf0241af282d5785866973ed117d0e771dbcfdd157e93e32","depth":"full","editorial_review":"reviewed","evidence_tier":"source_path_confirmed","imported_at":"2026-09-30T17:45:27.631747+08:00","introduced":null,"known_present_by":"10.0","macros":["ERRCODE_GENERATED_ALWAYS"],"name_zh":"GENERATED ALWAYS 列赋值","present_in":["10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19"],"preview_in":["19"],"primary_macro":"ERRCODE_GENERATED_ALWAYS","removed":null,"runtime_verification":"not_run","severity_classes":["E"],"snippet_count":0,"source_rev":"english-manuals:22585bb6ff2709be54a90631e37a8ab999ad6ae228e1398619eda4ec68aae592","sqlstate":"428C9","status":"active","summary_zh":"向身份列或生成列赋值，这类列只接受 DEFAULT。"}},"Definition":{"Collection":"sqlstate","Key":"428C9","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"18","SourceTable":"sqlstate","SourceKey":"428C9","SourceRevision":"english-manuals:22585bb6ff2709be54a90631e37a8ab999ad6ae228e1398619eda4ec68aae592","Facts":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"generated_always","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"428C9"},"ManualEvidence":{"doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"}},"MeasuredEvidence":{}},"Text":{"Collection":"sqlstate","Key":"428C9","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"","Locale":"zh-Hans","Title":"428C9 — GENERATED ALWAYS 列赋值","Summary":"向身份列或生成列赋值，这类列只接受 DEFAULT。","BodyHTML":"\u003ch1\u003e428C9 — GENERATED ALWAYS 列赋值\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e速览 {#at-a-glance}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003e428C9\u003c/code\u003e（\u003cstrong\u003egenerated_always\u003c/strong\u003e）是重写阶段的 \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e：INSERT 或 UPDATE 向必须由服务器生成或只接受 \u003ccode\u003eDEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e 的列提供了值。身份列和生成列的赋值规则不同，必须结合操作类型和列元数据判断。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e含义 {#meaning}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e重写器会把 INSERT 中省略的目标列或显式 \u003ccode\u003eDEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e 标为 \u003ccode\u003eapply_default\u003c/code\u003e。\u003ccode\u003eGENERATED ALWAYS\u003c/code\u003e 身份列收到非默认值时，除非使用 \u003ccode\u003eOVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE\u003c/code\u003e，否则报错；\u003ccode\u003eOVERRIDING USER VALUE\u003c/code\u003e 会强制使用默认生成。\u003ccode\u003eBY DEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e 身份列通常允许显式值，但 \u003ccode\u003eOVERRIDING USER VALUE\u003c/code\u003e 仍会强制生成。生成列无论是否有 \u003ccode\u003eOVERRIDING\u003c/code\u003e 都只接受 \u003ccode\u003eDEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e，INSERT 的 DETAIL 会指出列名，身份列分支还带 HINT \u003ccode\u003eUse OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE to override.\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUPDATE 的检查覆盖 \u003ccode\u003eGENERATED ALWAYS\u003c/code\u003e 身份列和所有生成列，只要目标项是非默认值就报错；UPDATE 没有 \u003ccode\u003eOVERRIDING\u003c/code\u003e 例外。检查之后，虚拟生成列在重写目标中放入 NULL，存储生成列由执行器填充。这是 18.6 固定源码的存储路径；目录中“10.0 已知存在”只是 SQLSTATE 定义下界，不能据此声称 10.0 已具备所有生成列特性。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e诊断 {#diagnosis}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e检查 \u003ccode\u003epg_attribute.attidentity\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ccode\u003ea\u003c/code\u003e 表示 \u003ccode\u003eALWAYS\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003ed\u003c/code\u003e 表示 \u003ccode\u003eBY DEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e）和 \u003ccode\u003eattgenerated\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ccode\u003es\u003c/code\u003e 表示存储、\u003ccode\u003ev\u003c/code\u003e 表示虚拟），确认是 INSERT 还是 UPDATE，以及目标项是省略、\u003ccode\u003eDEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e 还是实际值。\u003ccode\u003eVALUES\u003c/code\u003e 来源还要确认对应行项是否确实为 \u003ccode\u003eDEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e；重写器有单独的全默认判断。身份列与生成列的 INSERT 可能共用主消息，需同时读取 DETAIL/HINT。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e处理 {#response}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eGENERATED ALWAYS\u003c/code\u003e 身份列省略赋值、使用 \u003ccode\u003eDEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e，或仅在业务明确拥有身份值时使用 \u003ccode\u003eOVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE\u003c/code\u003e。\u003ccode\u003eBY DEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e 身份列可按业务保留显式值；需要服务器生成时用 \u003ccode\u003eOVERRIDING USER VALUE\u003c/code\u003e。生成列移除赋值，不要用类型转换绕过检查。若 \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e 发生在显式事务中，应回滚到合适保存点或回滚事务后再发修正语句；本页没有运行时恢复观察。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e消息变体 {#messages}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e选定的 18.6 分支均为 \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e| 操作 | 主消息 | DETAIL | HINT |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \u003ccode\u003eGENERATED ALWAYS\u003c/code\u003e 身份列 INSERT | \u003ccode\u003ecannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column \u0026#34;%s\u0026#34;\u003c/code\u003e | \u003ccode\u003eColumn \u0026#34;%s\u0026#34; is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS.\u003c/code\u003e | \u003ccode\u003eUse OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE to override.\u003c/code\u003e |\n| 生成列 INSERT | \u003ccode\u003ecannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column \u0026#34;%s\u0026#34;\u003c/code\u003e | \u003ccode\u003eColumn \u0026#34;%s\u0026#34; is a generated column.\u003c/code\u003e | 无 |\n| \u003ccode\u003eGENERATED ALWAYS\u003c/code\u003e 身份列 UPDATE | \u003ccode\u003ecolumn \u0026#34;%s\u0026#34; can only be updated to DEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e | \u003ccode\u003eColumn \u0026#34;%s\u0026#34; is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS.\u003c/code\u003e | 无 |\n| 生成列 UPDATE | \u003ccode\u003ecolumn \u0026#34;%s\u0026#34; can only be updated to DEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e | \u003ccode\u003eColumn \u0026#34;%s\u0026#34; is a generated column.\u003c/code\u003e | 无 |\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e固定源码还区分虚拟生成列的 NULL 目标项与存储生成列的执行器填充。每个 \u003ccode\u003e%s\u003c/code\u003e 都是动态字段，本页不声称具体占位符值或运行时结果。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e版本 {#versions}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e目录记录该条件自 10.0 起存在，并锁定到 18.6、19beta3；这是定义下界，不是身份列、存储生成列和虚拟生成列共同的功能引入版本。本页机制依据 18.6 固定源码，未运行数据库。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e相关 {#related}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/42804/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42804\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/42601/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42601\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/23502/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e23502\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e来源 {#sources}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.errcodes.428C9.18.6\u003c/code\u003e — \u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/utils/errcodes.txt\u003c/code\u003e line 355，固定于 \u003ccode\u003e724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7\u003c/code\u003e；SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt#L355\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e源码\u003c/a\u003e）。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.call.428C9.353c4cc772b5ae9adad09c67\u003c/code\u003e — \u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c\u003c/code\u003e lines 942-948，固定于 \u003ccode\u003e724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7\u003c/code\u003e；SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e5a34bf31f424abbf46cd926da1fefcd9360c4d527a87d8a0ac9f653d67c2206a\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c#L942-L948\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e源码\u003c/a\u003e）。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.call.428C9.47aaa60ecb1566d462ffaa86\u003c/code\u003e — \u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c\u003c/code\u003e lines 981-986，固定于 \u003ccode\u003e724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7\u003c/code\u003e；SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e5a34bf31f424abbf46cd926da1fefcd9360c4d527a87d8a0ac9f653d67c2206a\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c#L981-L986\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e源码\u003c/a\u003e）。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.call.428C9.8585d423db2446a6222cbf57\u003c/code\u003e — \u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c\u003c/code\u003e lines 1008-1013，固定于 \u003ccode\u003e724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7\u003c/code\u003e；SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e5a34bf31f424abbf46cd926da1fefcd9360c4d527a87d8a0ac9f653d67c2206a\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c#L1008-L1013\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e源码\u003c/a\u003e）。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.call.428C9.generated-update\u003c/code\u003e — \u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c\u003c/code\u003e lines 1015-1030，固定于 \u003ccode\u003e724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7\u003c/code\u003e；SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e5a34bf31f424abbf46cd926da1fefcd9360c4d527a87d8a0ac9f653d67c2206a\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c#L1015-L1030\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e源码\u003c/a\u003e）。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.calls.REL_18_6.428C9\u003c/code\u003e — 固定本地核心调用扫描；SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf\u003c/code\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"#sources\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e作者证据\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e — 记录源码断言、消息角色和运行边界。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n","SourceRevision":"english-manuals:22585bb6ff2709be54a90631e37a8ab999ad6ae228e1398619eda4ec68aae592","ContentHash":"e80450f7569bd887178062fe8def76f08a5b891911e963fedc460212b0e20c10","Payload":{"body_md":"# 428C9 — GENERATED ALWAYS 列赋值\n\n## 速览 {#at-a-glance}\n\n`428C9`（**generated_always**）是重写阶段的 `ERROR`：INSERT 或 UPDATE 向必须由服务器生成或只接受 `DEFAULT` 的列提供了值。身份列和生成列的赋值规则不同，必须结合操作类型和列元数据判断。\n\n\n## 含义 {#meaning}\n\n重写器会把 INSERT 中省略的目标列或显式 `DEFAULT` 标为 `apply_default`。`GENERATED ALWAYS` 身份列收到非默认值时，除非使用 `OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE`，否则报错；`OVERRIDING USER VALUE` 会强制使用默认生成。`BY DEFAULT` 身份列通常允许显式值，但 `OVERRIDING USER VALUE` 仍会强制生成。生成列无论是否有 `OVERRIDING` 都只接受 `DEFAULT`，INSERT 的 DETAIL 会指出列名，身份列分支还带 HINT `Use OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE to override.`\n\nUPDATE 的检查覆盖 `GENERATED ALWAYS` 身份列和所有生成列，只要目标项是非默认值就报错；UPDATE 没有 `OVERRIDING` 例外。检查之后，虚拟生成列在重写目标中放入 NULL，存储生成列由执行器填充。这是 18.6 固定源码的存储路径；目录中“10.0 已知存在”只是 SQLSTATE 定义下界，不能据此声称 10.0 已具备所有生成列特性。\n\n## 诊断 {#diagnosis}\n\n检查 `pg_attribute.attidentity`（`a` 表示 `ALWAYS`、`d` 表示 `BY DEFAULT`）和 `attgenerated`（`s` 表示存储、`v` 表示虚拟），确认是 INSERT 还是 UPDATE，以及目标项是省略、`DEFAULT` 还是实际值。`VALUES` 来源还要确认对应行项是否确实为 `DEFAULT`；重写器有单独的全默认判断。身份列与生成列的 INSERT 可能共用主消息，需同时读取 DETAIL/HINT。\n\n## 处理 {#response}\n\n`GENERATED ALWAYS` 身份列省略赋值、使用 `DEFAULT`，或仅在业务明确拥有身份值时使用 `OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE`。`BY DEFAULT` 身份列可按业务保留显式值；需要服务器生成时用 `OVERRIDING USER VALUE`。生成列移除赋值，不要用类型转换绕过检查。若 `ERROR` 发生在显式事务中，应回滚到合适保存点或回滚事务后再发修正语句；本页没有运行时恢复观察。\n\n## 消息变体 {#messages}\n\n选定的 18.6 分支均为 `ERROR`：\n\n| 操作 | 主消息 | DETAIL | HINT |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| `GENERATED ALWAYS` 身份列 INSERT | `cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column \"%s\"` | `Column \"%s\" is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS.` | `Use OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE to override.` |\n| 生成列 INSERT | `cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column \"%s\"` | `Column \"%s\" is a generated column.` | 无 |\n| `GENERATED ALWAYS` 身份列 UPDATE | `column \"%s\" can only be updated to DEFAULT` | `Column \"%s\" is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS.` | 无 |\n| 生成列 UPDATE | `column \"%s\" can only be updated to DEFAULT` | `Column \"%s\" is a generated column.` | 无 |\n\n固定源码还区分虚拟生成列的 NULL 目标项与存储生成列的执行器填充。每个 `%s` 都是动态字段，本页不声称具体占位符值或运行时结果。\n\n## 版本 {#versions}\n\n目录记录该条件自 10.0 起存在，并锁定到 18.6、19beta3；这是定义下界，不是身份列、存储生成列和虚拟生成列共同的功能引入版本。本页机制依据 18.6 固定源码，未运行数据库。\n\n## 相关 {#related}\n\n- [`42804`](/wiki/sqlstate/42804/)\n- [`42601`](/wiki/sqlstate/42601/)\n- [`23502`](/wiki/sqlstate/23502/)\n\n## 来源 {#sources}\n- `src.errcodes.428C9.18.6` — `src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt` line 355，固定于 `724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7`；SHA-256 `6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba`（[源码](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt#L355)）。\n\n- `src.call.428C9.353c4cc772b5ae9adad09c67` — `src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c` lines 942-948，固定于 `724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7`；SHA-256 `5a34bf31f424abbf46cd926da1fefcd9360c4d527a87d8a0ac9f653d67c2206a`（[源码](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c#L942-L948)）。\n- `src.call.428C9.47aaa60ecb1566d462ffaa86` — `src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c` lines 981-986，固定于 `724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7`；SHA-256 `5a34bf31f424abbf46cd926da1fefcd9360c4d527a87d8a0ac9f653d67c2206a`（[源码](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c#L981-L986)）。\n- `src.call.428C9.8585d423db2446a6222cbf57` — `src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c` lines 1008-1013，固定于 `724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7`；SHA-256 `5a34bf31f424abbf46cd926da1fefcd9360c4d527a87d8a0ac9f653d67c2206a`（[源码](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c#L1008-L1013)）。\n- `src.call.428C9.generated-update` — `src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c` lines 1015-1030，固定于 `724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7`；SHA-256 `5a34bf31f424abbf46cd926da1fefcd9360c4d527a87d8a0ac9f653d67c2206a`（[源码](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c#L1015-L1030)）。\n- `src.calls.REL_18_6.428C9` — 固定本地核心调用扫描；SHA-256 `9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf`。\n- [`作者证据`](#sources) — 记录源码断言、消息角色和运行边界。\n","description":"PostgreSQL SQLSTATE 428C9（generated_always）的来源与诊断参考。","is_stale":false,"name":"GENERATED ALWAYS 列赋值","sections":[{"anchor":"","heading":"","html":"\u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;428C9 — GENERATED ALWAYS 列赋值\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;"},{"anchor":"at-a-glance","heading":"速览","html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003e428C9\u003c/code\u003e（\u003cstrong\u003egenerated_always\u003c/strong\u003e）是重写阶段的 \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e：INSERT 或 UPDATE 向必须由服务器生成或只接受 \u003ccode\u003eDEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e 的列提供了值。身份列和生成列的赋值规则不同，必须结合操作类型和列元数据判断。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"meaning","heading":"含义","html":"\u003cp\u003e重写器会把 INSERT 中省略的目标列或显式 \u003ccode\u003eDEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e 标为 \u003ccode\u003eapply_default\u003c/code\u003e。\u003ccode\u003eGENERATED ALWAYS\u003c/code\u003e 身份列收到非默认值时，除非使用 \u003ccode\u003eOVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE\u003c/code\u003e，否则报错；\u003ccode\u003eOVERRIDING USER VALUE\u003c/code\u003e 会强制使用默认生成。\u003ccode\u003eBY DEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e 身份列通常允许显式值，但 \u003ccode\u003eOVERRIDING USER VALUE\u003c/code\u003e 仍会强制生成。生成列无论是否有 \u003ccode\u003eOVERRIDING\u003c/code\u003e 都只接受 \u003ccode\u003eDEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e，INSERT 的 DETAIL 会指出列名，身份列分支还带 HINT \u003ccode\u003eUse OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE to override.\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUPDATE 的检查覆盖 \u003ccode\u003eGENERATED ALWAYS\u003c/code\u003e 身份列和所有生成列，只要目标项是非默认值就报错；UPDATE 没有 \u003ccode\u003eOVERRIDING\u003c/code\u003e 例外。检查之后，虚拟生成列在重写目标中放入 NULL，存储生成列由执行器填充。这是 18.6 固定源码的存储路径；目录中“10.0 已知存在”只是 SQLSTATE 定义下界，不能据此声称 10.0 已具备所有生成列特性。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"diagnosis","heading":"诊断","html":"\u003cp\u003e检查 \u003ccode\u003epg_attribute.attidentity\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ccode\u003ea\u003c/code\u003e 表示 \u003ccode\u003eALWAYS\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003ed\u003c/code\u003e 表示 \u003ccode\u003eBY DEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e）和 \u003ccode\u003eattgenerated\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ccode\u003es\u003c/code\u003e 表示存储、\u003ccode\u003ev\u003c/code\u003e 表示虚拟），确认是 INSERT 还是 UPDATE，以及目标项是省略、\u003ccode\u003eDEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e 还是实际值。\u003ccode\u003eVALUES\u003c/code\u003e 来源还要确认对应行项是否确实为 \u003ccode\u003eDEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e；重写器有单独的全默认判断。身份列与生成列的 INSERT 可能共用主消息，需同时读取 DETAIL/HINT。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"response","heading":"处理","html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eGENERATED ALWAYS\u003c/code\u003e 身份列省略赋值、使用 \u003ccode\u003eDEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e，或仅在业务明确拥有身份值时使用 \u003ccode\u003eOVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE\u003c/code\u003e。\u003ccode\u003eBY DEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e 身份列可按业务保留显式值；需要服务器生成时用 \u003ccode\u003eOVERRIDING USER VALUE\u003c/code\u003e。生成列移除赋值，不要用类型转换绕过检查。若 \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e 发生在显式事务中，应回滚到合适保存点或回滚事务后再发修正语句；本页没有运行时恢复观察。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"messages","heading":"消息变体","html":"\u003cp\u003e选定的 18.6 分支均为 \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e操作\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e主消息\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDETAIL\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eHINT\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eGENERATED ALWAYS\u003c/code\u003e 身份列 INSERT\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column \"%s\"\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eColumn \"%s\" is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS.\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eUse OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE to override.\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e生成列 INSERT\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column \"%s\"\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eColumn \"%s\" is a generated column.\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e无\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eGENERATED ALWAYS\u003c/code\u003e 身份列 UPDATE\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecolumn \"%s\" can only be updated to DEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eColumn \"%s\" is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS.\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e无\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e生成列 UPDATE\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecolumn \"%s\" can only be updated to DEFAULT\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eColumn \"%s\" is a generated column.\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e无\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e固定源码还区分虚拟生成列的 NULL 目标项与存储生成列的执行器填充。每个 \u003ccode\u003e%s\u003c/code\u003e 都是动态字段，本页不声称具体占位符值或运行时结果。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"versions","heading":"版本","html":"\u003cp\u003e目录记录该条件自 10.0 起存在，并锁定到 18.6、19beta3；这是定义下界，不是身份列、存储生成列和虚拟生成列共同的功能引入版本。本页机制依据 18.6 固定源码，未运行数据库。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"related","heading":"相关","html":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/42804/\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42804\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/42601/\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42601\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/23502/\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e23502\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"},{"anchor":"sources","heading":"来源","html":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.errcodes.428C9.18.6\u003c/code\u003e — \u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/utils/errcodes.txt\u003c/code\u003e line 355，固定于 \u003ccode\u003e724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7\u003c/code\u003e；SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt#L355\"\u003e源码\u003c/a\u003e）。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.call.428C9.353c4cc772b5ae9adad09c67\u003c/code\u003e — \u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c\u003c/code\u003e lines 942-948，固定于 \u003ccode\u003e724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7\u003c/code\u003e；SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e5a34bf31f424abbf46cd926da1fefcd9360c4d527a87d8a0ac9f653d67c2206a\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c#L942-L948\"\u003e源码\u003c/a\u003e）。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.call.428C9.47aaa60ecb1566d462ffaa86\u003c/code\u003e — \u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c\u003c/code\u003e lines 981-986，固定于 \u003ccode\u003e724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7\u003c/code\u003e；SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e5a34bf31f424abbf46cd926da1fefcd9360c4d527a87d8a0ac9f653d67c2206a\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c#L981-L986\"\u003e源码\u003c/a\u003e）。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.call.428C9.8585d423db2446a6222cbf57\u003c/code\u003e — \u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c\u003c/code\u003e lines 1008-1013，固定于 \u003ccode\u003e724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7\u003c/code\u003e；SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e5a34bf31f424abbf46cd926da1fefcd9360c4d527a87d8a0ac9f653d67c2206a\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c#L1008-L1013\"\u003e源码\u003c/a\u003e）。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.call.428C9.generated-update\u003c/code\u003e — \u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c\u003c/code\u003e lines 1015-1030，固定于 \u003ccode\u003e724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7\u003c/code\u003e；SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e5a34bf31f424abbf46cd926da1fefcd9360c4d527a87d8a0ac9f653d67c2206a\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c#L1015-L1030\"\u003e源码\u003c/a\u003e）。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc.calls.REL_18_6.428C9\u003c/code\u003e — 固定本地核心调用扫描；SHA-256 \u003ccode\u003e9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf\u003c/code\u003e。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#sources\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e作者证据\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e — 记录源码断言、消息角色和运行边界。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"}],"summary":"向身份列或生成列赋值，这类列只接受 DEFAULT。","title":"428C9 — GENERATED ALWAYS 列赋值","translation_source_rev":"07c0a5099400f3995bb403baafe0108ec014d720f58cd176d4d9811599ed27e2"}},"RequestedLocale":"zh-Hans","Fallback":false,"Versions":["10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20"],"Locales":["en","zh-Hans"],"Signatures":null,"Spellings":null,"SQLState":{"aliases":[],"catalogue_notes":{"earliest_observed":"10.0","formal_scope":"9.0.0..18.6","latest_observed":"18.6","matrix_scope":["9.0.23","9.1.24","9.2.24","9.3.25","9.4.26","9.5.25","9.6.24","10.23","11.22","12.22","13.23","14.24","15.19","16.15","17.11","18.6"],"pre9_scope":{"formal_tag_count":191,"maximum_release":"8.4.22","minimum_release":"7.0.0","source_definition_count":153,"source_doc_count":153,"source_file_count":306,"source_scope":"7.4..8.4 definition files; 7.0..7.3 candidate-path source gap probes","source_tag_count":153},"pre9_status":"not_observed","preview_scope":["19beta3"]},"class":"42","class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"generated_always","condition_names":["generated_always"],"definition_changes":[],"english_manuals":{"10":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"generated_always","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"9607b57e9f639b61785677ba4d226f5889fe1d19c8bf55a3337691899a9073cd","slug":"10"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"428C9"},"11":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"generated_always","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"3a024e38263ad77de228eed7930b842b42dc1d5cab9ca3727be8eed872ec9539","slug":"11"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"428C9"},"12":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"generated_always","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"1444bd6a138537cd75be88a220ee9472ac528f0cfc58758e49636d85455efe98","slug":"12"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"428C9"},"13":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"generated_always","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"4a3ef8af218e5736dfde8660ba609e84233b6b3bac7e0210ff8724cf1b27b2db","slug":"13"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"428C9"},"14":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"generated_always","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"1c12e83304e0f4ff64c9d98ca5e3007df6756932ed19867a4fa0e0650f6c5751","slug":"14"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"428C9"},"15":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"generated_always","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"2161f58f6e87f6535b3b1f3d4661427bb6765f4f6b074fcc16fac97594b50599","slug":"15"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"428C9"},"16":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"generated_always","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"928e705933d7c3d018ae3fba9d800b34e6325746d157339dce878473c519d100","slug":"16"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"428C9"},"17":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"generated_always","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"868135520af87351e3ea1ba42656111cbd2d157d98e1fef05ea158ac5729d8b1","slug":"17"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"428C9"},"18":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"generated_always","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"428C9"},"19":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"generated_always","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"63fb8d1aa9f494eeab9d0f8542a2b673f7746ee41ae2689d19403cb3cc425a5c","slug":"19"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"428C9"},"20":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"generated_always","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"0d3f602127cd137cf343b32d5fa78f175eeb6cdcb6353b1f6f998ede6cb7b911","slug":"devel"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"428C9"}},"history_boundary":{"earliest_observed":"10.0","formal_tag_count":351,"gaps":[{"after":"18.6","before":"18.4","reason":"Non-adjacent release tags or a source gap; no removal is inferred."}],"latest_observed":"18.6","pre_range":{"first_observed":null,"known_lower_bound":null,"last_observed":null,"notes":"No occurrence was observed in the locked 7.4..8.4 definition files. Source gaps for 7.0..7.3 prevent a claim that the code was absent before 7.4.","scanned_formal_release_count":153,"scanned_source_scope":"7.4..8.4 definition files; 7.0..7.3 candidate-path source gap 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