{"Entry":{"collection":"sqlstate","key":"42P20","name":"42P20","aliases":[],"metadata":{"aliases":[],"case_count":0,"class_code":"42","condition_name":"windowing_error","condition_names":["windowing_error"],"content_hash":"f9a7a952c4fd7dfbd4a82128a5426baa31304f7301d746d34e367aebd034a898","depth":"reference","editorial_review":"reviewed","evidence_tier":"source_path_confirmed","imported_at":"2026-09-30T17:45:27.769743+08:00","introduced":null,"known_present_by":"8.4.0","macros":["ERRCODE_WINDOWING_ERROR"],"name_zh":"窗口函数错误","present_in":["9.0","9.1","9.2","9.3","9.4","9.5","9.6","10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19"],"preview_in":["19"],"primary_macro":"ERRCODE_WINDOWING_ERROR","removed":null,"runtime_verification":"not_run","severity_classes":["E"],"snippet_count":0,"source_rev":"english-manuals:0695f162fb91bad071c70775f2f11312b71e50d33f23019c64084f9253e94cb3","sqlstate":"42P20","status":"active","summary_zh":"窗口函数调用或框架边界定义不合法。"}},"Definition":{"Collection":"sqlstate","Key":"42P20","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"18","SourceTable":"sqlstate","SourceKey":"42P20","SourceRevision":"english-manuals:0695f162fb91bad071c70775f2f11312b71e50d33f23019c64084f9253e94cb3","Facts":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"},"ManualEvidence":{"doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"}},"MeasuredEvidence":{}},"Text":{"Collection":"sqlstate","Key":"42P20","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"","Locale":"zh-Hans","Title":"42P20 — 窗口函数错误","Summary":"窗口函数调用或框架边界定义不合法。","BodyHTML":"\u003ch1\u003e42P20 — 窗口函数错误\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e速览 {#at-a-glance}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42P20\u003c/code\u003e（\u003cstrong\u003ewindowing_error\u003c/strong\u003e）窗口定义同时约束函数调用和框架边界。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e含义 {#meaning}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e固定核心在窗口函数放置或嵌套错误，以及窗口定义结构无效时使用 \u003ccode\u003e42P20\u003c/code\u003e。解析器语法拒绝不可能的框架起止组合；解析分析拒绝在不能包含窗口函数的子句中使用窗口函数，或把一个窗口函数放入另一个窗口函数；命名窗口转换则拒绝冲突的继承方式。合法框架对某一行仍可能为空，所以结果为空本身不是 \u003ccode\u003e42P20\u003c/code\u003e 信号。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e诊断 {#diagnosis}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e先按 primary 消息分类，再改 SQL。框架消息指向 \u003ccode\u003eUNBOUNDED\u003c/code\u003e 方向或起止顺序；带 offset 的 \u003ccode\u003eRANGE\u003c/code\u003e 必须有且只有一个 \u003ccode\u003eORDER BY\u003c/code\u003e 列，\u003ccode\u003eGROUPS\u003c/code\u003e 必须有 \u003ccode\u003eORDER BY\u003c/code\u003e。放置消息会指出 \u003ccode\u003eWHERE\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003eGROUP BY\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003eJOIN\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003eRETURNING\u003c/code\u003e 或窗口定义等子句；嵌套调用消息表示一个窗口表达式出现在另一个窗口表达式内部。命名窗口消息分别表示重复定义、覆盖所复制窗口的 \u003ccode\u003ePARTITION BY\u003c/code\u003e 或 \u003ccode\u003eORDER BY\u003c/code\u003e，以及复制已经带框架的窗口；因此 \u003ccode\u003eOVER foo\u003c/code\u003e 与 \u003ccode\u003eOVER (foo)\u003c/code\u003e 的继承行为不同。执行器会把负的 \u003ccode\u003eROWS\u003c/code\u003e 或 \u003ccode\u003eGROUPS\u003c/code\u003e 框架 offset 报为 SQLSTATE \u003ccode\u003e22013\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ccode\u003einvalid_preceding_or_following_size\u003c/code\u003e），把 NULL offset 报为 \u003ccode\u003e22004\u003c/code\u003e；这些不是 \u003ccode\u003e42P20\u003c/code\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e处理 {#response}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e把嵌套计算移到外层查询，或把窗口表达式移出消息指出的命名子句。只修复对应的框架语法，为 \u003ccode\u003eRANGE\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003eGROUPS\u003c/code\u003e 补上所需排序，并定义一个没有冲突覆盖的命名窗口。不要因为某一当前行的框架没有行就改动本来合法的框架。如果该 \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e 发生在显式事务中，重试前先执行 \u003ccode\u003eROLLBACK\u003c/code\u003e，或回滚到语句前建立的保存点；自动提交模式下，失败语句返回空闲后即可提交修正查询。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e消息 {#messages}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e固定源码中的代表性消息包括：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003ewindow function calls cannot be nested\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003eframe start cannot be UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003eframe starting from following row cannot end with current row\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003eframe end cannot be UNBOUNDED PRECEDING\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003eframe starting from current row cannot have preceding rows\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003eframe starting from following row cannot have preceding rows\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003ewindow functions are not allowed in %s\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003ewindow \u0026#34;%s\u0026#34; is already defined\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003ecannot override PARTITION BY clause of window \u0026#34;%s\u0026#34;\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003ecannot override ORDER BY clause of window \u0026#34;%s\u0026#34;\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003ecannot copy window \u0026#34;%s\u0026#34; because it has a frame clause\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003ecannot copy window \u0026#34;%s\u0026#34; because it has a frame clause\u003c/code\u003e; HINT: \u003ccode\u003eOmit the parentheses in this OVER clause.\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003eRANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING requires exactly one ORDER BY column\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003eGROUPS mode requires an ORDER BY clause\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e占位符由实际对象、列或参数填充。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e版本 {#versions}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e锁定目录显示该条件最早见于 PostgreSQL 8.4.0；行为说明固定在 PostgreSQL 18.6 源码，目录存在范围不等于每条消息或功能都从该版本开始。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e相关 {#related}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/42P19/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42P19\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/42803/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42803\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e来源 {#sources}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e源码消息、行号和证据边界见 \u003ca href=\"#sources\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e作者证据\u003c/a\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/executor/execExpr.c:1155-1157\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/executor/execExpr.c#L1155\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003efixed source\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/parser/gram.y:16499-16544\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/gram.y#L16499\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003efixed source\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/parser/parse_agg.c:1041-1046\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c#L1041\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003efixed source\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/parser/parse_clause.c:2790-2947\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c#L2790\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003efixed source\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/executor/nodeWindowAgg.c:2139-2210\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/executor/nodeWindowAgg.c#L2139\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003efixed source\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n","SourceRevision":"english-manuals:0695f162fb91bad071c70775f2f11312b71e50d33f23019c64084f9253e94cb3","ContentHash":"17ebe134efe834fd6b77925f9eef4c353e799fd5c0d5da9fcf960518b008e6d5","Payload":{"body_md":"# 42P20 — 窗口函数错误\n\n## 速览 {#at-a-glance}\n\n`42P20`（**windowing_error**）窗口定义同时约束函数调用和框架边界。\n\n\n## 含义 {#meaning}\n\n固定核心在窗口函数放置或嵌套错误，以及窗口定义结构无效时使用 `42P20`。解析器语法拒绝不可能的框架起止组合；解析分析拒绝在不能包含窗口函数的子句中使用窗口函数，或把一个窗口函数放入另一个窗口函数；命名窗口转换则拒绝冲突的继承方式。合法框架对某一行仍可能为空，所以结果为空本身不是 `42P20` 信号。\n\n## 诊断 {#diagnosis}\n\n先按 primary 消息分类，再改 SQL。框架消息指向 `UNBOUNDED` 方向或起止顺序；带 offset 的 `RANGE` 必须有且只有一个 `ORDER BY` 列，`GROUPS` 必须有 `ORDER BY`。放置消息会指出 `WHERE`、`GROUP BY`、`JOIN`、`RETURNING` 或窗口定义等子句；嵌套调用消息表示一个窗口表达式出现在另一个窗口表达式内部。命名窗口消息分别表示重复定义、覆盖所复制窗口的 `PARTITION BY` 或 `ORDER BY`，以及复制已经带框架的窗口；因此 `OVER foo` 与 `OVER (foo)` 的继承行为不同。执行器会把负的 `ROWS` 或 `GROUPS` 框架 offset 报为 SQLSTATE `22013`（`invalid_preceding_or_following_size`），把 NULL offset 报为 `22004`；这些不是 `42P20`。\n\n## 处理 {#response}\n\n把嵌套计算移到外层查询，或把窗口表达式移出消息指出的命名子句。只修复对应的框架语法，为 `RANGE`/`GROUPS` 补上所需排序，并定义一个没有冲突覆盖的命名窗口。不要因为某一当前行的框架没有行就改动本来合法的框架。如果该 `ERROR` 发生在显式事务中，重试前先执行 `ROLLBACK`，或回滚到语句前建立的保存点；自动提交模式下，失败语句返回空闲后即可提交修正查询。\n\n## 消息 {#messages}\n\n固定源码中的代表性消息包括：\n\n- **ERROR** message: `window function calls cannot be nested`\n- **ERROR** message: `frame start cannot be UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING`\n- **ERROR** message: `frame starting from following row cannot end with current row`\n- **ERROR** message: `frame end cannot be UNBOUNDED PRECEDING`\n- **ERROR** message: `frame starting from current row cannot have preceding rows`\n- **ERROR** message: `frame starting from following row cannot have preceding rows`\n- **ERROR** message: `window functions are not allowed in %s`\n- **ERROR** message: `window \"%s\" is already defined`\n- **ERROR** message: `cannot override PARTITION BY clause of window \"%s\"`\n- **ERROR** message: `cannot override ORDER BY clause of window \"%s\"`\n- **ERROR** message: `cannot copy window \"%s\" because it has a frame clause`\n- **ERROR** message: `cannot copy window \"%s\" because it has a frame clause`; HINT: `Omit the parentheses in this OVER clause.`\n- **ERROR** message: `RANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING requires exactly one ORDER BY column`\n- **ERROR** message: `GROUPS mode requires an ORDER BY clause`\n\n占位符由实际对象、列或参数填充。\n\n## 版本 {#versions}\n\n锁定目录显示该条件最早见于 PostgreSQL 8.4.0；行为说明固定在 PostgreSQL 18.6 源码，目录存在范围不等于每条消息或功能都从该版本开始。\n\n## 相关 {#related}\n\n- [`42P19`](/wiki/sqlstate/42P19/)\n- [`42803`](/wiki/sqlstate/42803/)\n\n## 来源 {#sources}\n\n源码消息、行号和证据边界见 [作者证据](#sources)。\n\n- `src/backend/executor/execExpr.c:1155-1157` ([fixed source](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/executor/execExpr.c#L1155))\n- `src/backend/parser/gram.y:16499-16544` ([fixed source](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/gram.y#L16499))\n- `src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c:1041-1046` ([fixed source](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c#L1041))\n- `src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c:2790-2947` ([fixed source](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c#L2790))\n- `src/backend/executor/nodeWindowAgg.c:2139-2210` ([fixed source](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/executor/nodeWindowAgg.c#L2139))\n","description":"PostgreSQL SQLSTATE 42P20：来源与诊断参考。","is_stale":false,"name":"窗口函数错误","sections":[{"anchor":"","heading":"","html":"\u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;42P20 — 窗口函数错误\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;"},{"anchor":"at-a-glance","heading":"速览","html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42P20\u003c/code\u003e（\u003cstrong\u003ewindowing_error\u003c/strong\u003e）窗口定义同时约束函数调用和框架边界。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"meaning","heading":"含义","html":"\u003cp\u003e固定核心在窗口函数放置或嵌套错误，以及窗口定义结构无效时使用 \u003ccode\u003e42P20\u003c/code\u003e。解析器语法拒绝不可能的框架起止组合；解析分析拒绝在不能包含窗口函数的子句中使用窗口函数，或把一个窗口函数放入另一个窗口函数；命名窗口转换则拒绝冲突的继承方式。合法框架对某一行仍可能为空，所以结果为空本身不是 \u003ccode\u003e42P20\u003c/code\u003e 信号。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"diagnosis","heading":"诊断","html":"\u003cp\u003e先按 primary 消息分类，再改 SQL。框架消息指向 \u003ccode\u003eUNBOUNDED\u003c/code\u003e 方向或起止顺序；带 offset 的 \u003ccode\u003eRANGE\u003c/code\u003e 必须有且只有一个 \u003ccode\u003eORDER BY\u003c/code\u003e 列，\u003ccode\u003eGROUPS\u003c/code\u003e 必须有 \u003ccode\u003eORDER BY\u003c/code\u003e。放置消息会指出 \u003ccode\u003eWHERE\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003eGROUP BY\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003eJOIN\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003eRETURNING\u003c/code\u003e 或窗口定义等子句；嵌套调用消息表示一个窗口表达式出现在另一个窗口表达式内部。命名窗口消息分别表示重复定义、覆盖所复制窗口的 \u003ccode\u003ePARTITION BY\u003c/code\u003e 或 \u003ccode\u003eORDER BY\u003c/code\u003e，以及复制已经带框架的窗口；因此 \u003ccode\u003eOVER foo\u003c/code\u003e 与 \u003ccode\u003eOVER (foo)\u003c/code\u003e 的继承行为不同。执行器会把负的 \u003ccode\u003eROWS\u003c/code\u003e 或 \u003ccode\u003eGROUPS\u003c/code\u003e 框架 offset 报为 SQLSTATE \u003ccode\u003e22013\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ccode\u003einvalid_preceding_or_following_size\u003c/code\u003e），把 NULL offset 报为 \u003ccode\u003e22004\u003c/code\u003e；这些不是 \u003ccode\u003e42P20\u003c/code\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"response","heading":"处理","html":"\u003cp\u003e把嵌套计算移到外层查询，或把窗口表达式移出消息指出的命名子句。只修复对应的框架语法，为 \u003ccode\u003eRANGE\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003eGROUPS\u003c/code\u003e 补上所需排序，并定义一个没有冲突覆盖的命名窗口。不要因为某一当前行的框架没有行就改动本来合法的框架。如果该 \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e 发生在显式事务中，重试前先执行 \u003ccode\u003eROLLBACK\u003c/code\u003e，或回滚到语句前建立的保存点；自动提交模式下，失败语句返回空闲后即可提交修正查询。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"messages","heading":"消息","html":"\u003cp\u003e固定源码中的代表性消息包括：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003ewindow function calls cannot be nested\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003eframe start cannot be UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003eframe starting from following row cannot end with current row\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003eframe end cannot be UNBOUNDED PRECEDING\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003eframe starting from current row cannot have preceding rows\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003eframe starting from following row cannot have preceding rows\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003ewindow functions are not allowed in %s\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003ewindow \"%s\" is already defined\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003ecannot override PARTITION BY clause of window \"%s\"\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003ecannot override ORDER BY clause of window \"%s\"\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003ecannot copy window \"%s\" because it has a frame clause\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003ecannot copy window \"%s\" because it has a frame clause\u003c/code\u003e; HINT: \u003ccode\u003eOmit the parentheses in this OVER clause.\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003eRANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING requires exactly one ORDER BY column\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eERROR\u003c/strong\u003e message: \u003ccode\u003eGROUPS mode requires an ORDER BY clause\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e占位符由实际对象、列或参数填充。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"versions","heading":"版本","html":"\u003cp\u003e锁定目录显示该条件最早见于 PostgreSQL 8.4.0；行为说明固定在 PostgreSQL 18.6 源码，目录存在范围不等于每条消息或功能都从该版本开始。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"related","heading":"相关","html":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/42P19/\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42P19\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/42803/\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e42803\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"},{"anchor":"sources","heading":"来源","html":"\u003cp\u003e源码消息、行号和证据边界见 \u003ca href=\"#sources\"\u003e作者证据\u003c/a\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/executor/execExpr.c:1155-1157\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/executor/execExpr.c#L1155\"\u003efixed source\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/parser/gram.y:16499-16544\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/gram.y#L16499\"\u003efixed source\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/parser/parse_agg.c:1041-1046\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c#L1041\"\u003efixed source\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/parser/parse_clause.c:2790-2947\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c#L2790\"\u003efixed source\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc/backend/executor/nodeWindowAgg.c:2139-2210\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/executor/nodeWindowAgg.c#L2139\"\u003efixed source\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"}],"summary":"窗口函数调用或框架边界定义不合法。","title":"42P20 — 窗口函数错误","translation_source_rev":"b2d02102d6c4c518725c287149895360db9e5e65d913832811e13e85642cacbc"}},"RequestedLocale":"zh-Hans","Fallback":false,"Versions":["10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20","8.4","9.0","9.1","9.2","9.3","9.4","9.5","9.6"],"Locales":["en","zh-Hans"],"Signatures":null,"Spellings":null,"SQLState":{"aliases":[],"catalogue_notes":{"earliest_observed":"8.4.0","formal_scope":"9.0.0..18.6","latest_observed":"18.6","matrix_scope":["9.0.23","9.1.24","9.2.24","9.3.25","9.4.26","9.5.25","9.6.24","10.23","11.22","12.22","13.23","14.24","15.19","16.15","17.11","18.6"],"pre9_scope":{"formal_tag_count":191,"maximum_release":"8.4.22","minimum_release":"7.0.0","source_definition_count":153,"source_doc_count":153,"source_file_count":306,"source_scope":"7.4..8.4 definition files; 7.0..7.3 candidate-path source gap probes","source_tag_count":153},"pre9_status":"present","preview_scope":["19beta3"]},"class":"42","class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","condition_names":["windowing_error"],"definition_changes":[],"english_manuals":{"10":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"9607b57e9f639b61785677ba4d226f5889fe1d19c8bf55a3337691899a9073cd","slug":"10"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"},"11":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"3a024e38263ad77de228eed7930b842b42dc1d5cab9ca3727be8eed872ec9539","slug":"11"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"},"12":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule 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Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"2161f58f6e87f6535b3b1f3d4661427bb6765f4f6b074fcc16fac97594b50599","slug":"15"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"},"16":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"928e705933d7c3d018ae3fba9d800b34e6325746d157339dce878473c519d100","slug":"16"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"},"17":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"868135520af87351e3ea1ba42656111cbd2d157d98e1fef05ea158ac5729d8b1","slug":"17"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"},"18":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"},"19":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"63fb8d1aa9f494eeab9d0f8542a2b673f7746ee41ae2689d19403cb3cc425a5c","slug":"19"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"},"20":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"0d3f602127cd137cf343b32d5fa78f175eeb6cdcb6353b1f6f998ede6cb7b911","slug":"devel"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"},"8.4":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"d63b10001be0581484022e33b78124a36bb3bd68d3ebe022cd7dfb375233432f","slug":"8.4"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"},"9.0":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"658fc09c4c10eed7ac7dea4ed3e3eff8cc5791eb5af26b7b4a31b0f863b316db","slug":"9.0"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"},"9.1":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"2d118b06c3b644c28b3ddefe9e4bef99a180321582209332372a5318f5bf8d1c","slug":"9.1"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"},"9.2":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"2a37575b39c858d37c58fc4de6a16109554fd3306602294180d78faa1170d2cd","slug":"9.2"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"},"9.3":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"2214b6869d764f7fba7221aefcdf1ab049b55ad51d63aa52054f3cd2c2533ae9","slug":"9.3"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"},"9.4":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"7243e2d653befe88733222ede67958f0c4b7fae967b58eb97807aeb3f32b4096","slug":"9.4"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"},"9.5":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"d40bc67cb331f1e4ccc0821ff57832c6c230edb0dce3ba4249defd21ae7ea29d","slug":"9.5"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"},"9.6":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation","condition_name":"windowing_error","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"2ab55e487571c8998ec39b3d1bbae29ac6fc5c310875bee422d9a7b8b3fde5b3","slug":"9.6"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"42P20"}},"history_boundary":{"earliest_observed":"8.4.0","formal_tag_count":351,"gaps":[{"after":"18.6","before":"18.4","reason":"Non-adjacent release tags or a source gap; no removal is inferred."}],"latest_observed":"18.6","pre_range":{"first_observed":"8.4.0","known_lower_bound":"8.4.0 or earlier","last_observed":"8.4.22","notes":"Observed in the locked pre-9 formal release source; the label is a proven presence bound, not an exact 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