{"Entry":{"collection":"sqlstate","key":"P0004","name":"P0004","aliases":[],"metadata":{"aliases":[],"case_count":1,"class_code":"P0","condition_name":"assert_failure","condition_names":["assert_failure"],"content_hash":"2ff7cb0bde14a1b25fd95ebb592126f77b7630bc0a911757dc81d7a96f021ad4","depth":"full","editorial_review":"reviewed","evidence_tier":"observed_runtime","imported_at":"2026-09-30T17:45:28.15821+08:00","introduced":null,"known_present_by":"9.5.0","macros":["ERRCODE_ASSERT_FAILURE"],"name_zh":"","present_in":["9.5","9.6","10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19"],"preview_in":["19"],"primary_macro":"ERRCODE_ASSERT_FAILURE","removed":null,"runtime_verification":"passed","severity_classes":["E"],"snippet_count":1,"source_rev":"english-manuals:7b52e2fa72c2635d8c6f026e04c4234c170292416ad23065c2234b43e0c4d270","sqlstate":"P0004","status":"active","summary_zh":"PL/pgSQL 的 ASSERT 断言条件不成立。"}},"Definition":{"Collection":"sqlstate","Key":"P0004","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"18","SourceTable":"sqlstate","SourceKey":"P0004","SourceRevision":"english-manuals:7b52e2fa72c2635d8c6f026e04c4234c170292416ad23065c2234b43e0c4d270","Facts":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"PL/pgSQL Error","condition_name":"assert_failure","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"P0004"},"ManualEvidence":{"doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"}},"MeasuredEvidence":{}},"Text":{"Collection":"sqlstate","Key":"P0004","SourceDatabase":"center","Version":"","Locale":"zh-Hans","Title":"P0004 — assert_failure","Summary":"PL/pgSQL 的 ASSERT 断言条件不成立。","BodyHTML":"\u003ch1\u003eP0004\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e速览 {#at-a-glance}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eP0004 是 PL/pgSQL \u003ccode\u003eassert_failure\u003c/code\u003e。固定 \u003ccode\u003eASSERT\u003c/code\u003e 执行路径确认它以 ERROR 报告，并按是否提供 message 选择错误文本；运行案例已在 PostgreSQL 18.6 和 10.21 上通过。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e共享的 \u003ccode\u003eassertion_failure_recovery\u003c/code\u003e 案例已在 PostgreSQL 18.6 和 PostgreSQL 10.21 上通过。启用 \u003ccode\u003eplpgsql.check_asserts\u003c/code\u003e 后，失败的 ASSERT 返回 \u003ccode\u003eP0004\u003c/code\u003e 和 \u003ccode\u003evalue must be positive\u003c/code\u003e，显式事务进入 \u003ccode\u003eINERROR\u003c/code\u003e；\u003ccode\u003eROLLBACK\u003c/code\u003e 恢复为 \u003ccode\u003eIDLE\u003c/code\u003e，有效输入执行成功，关闭断言的对照调用返回零。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003eCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION p0004_assert(value integer) RETURNS integer LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$ BEGIN ASSERT value \u0026gt; 0, \u0026#39;value must be positive\u0026#39;; RETURN value; END $$;\nSET plpgsql.check_asserts = on;\nSHOW plpgsql.check_asserts;\nBEGIN;\nSELECT p0004_assert(0);\nROLLBACK;\nSELECT p0004_assert(1);\nSET plpgsql.check_asserts = off;\nSHOW plpgsql.check_asserts;\nSELECT p0004_assert(0);\nSET plpgsql.check_asserts = on;\nSHOW plpgsql.check_asserts;\nSELECT p0004_assert(1);\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e含义 {#meaning}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eASSERT 是 PL/pgSQL 中执行的不变量检查。PostgreSQL 计算其 Boolean 条件；结果为 \u003cstrong\u003efalse 或 NULL\u003c/strong\u003e 时进入断言失败路径。固定执行器随后以 ERROR 和 SQLSTATE \u003ccode\u003eP0004\u003c/code\u003e 报告：只在进入该路径后计算 message 表达式，非 NULL 结果成为主报文，NULL 或省略 message 时使用 \u003ccode\u003eassertion failed\u003c/code\u003e。关闭检查时，条件和 message 表达式都会跳过。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eplpgsql.check_asserts\u003c/code\u003e 是按会话生效的设置，用来控制是否检查 ASSERT。启用时，失败断言是真正的 ERROR，显式事务会进入 \u003ccode\u003eINERROR\u003c/code\u003e；关闭时 ASSERT 会被跳过，同一个 false 输入不能证明不变量成立，也不能替代生产环境的输入校验。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e选定运行覆盖了带非 NULL message 的 false 条件，以及关闭检查时的 false 条件。\u003ccode\u003eNULL\u003c/code\u003e 条件和无 message 的回退文本是源码确认的语义，不是本批额外的自然运行观察。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e诊断 {#diagnosis}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e先把 ErrorResponse 字段与服务器日志中的同一条记录对照。固定 18.6 路径的 \u003ccode\u003emessage_primary\u003c/code\u003e 是计算后的 message 或 \u003ccode\u003eassertion failed\u003c/code\u003e；运行案例还记录了 \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003eP0004\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003eexec_stmt_assert\u003c/code\u003e，以及指向 PL/pgSQL 函数和 \u003ccode\u003eline 1 at ASSERT\u003c/code\u003e 的 context。要在出错的同一个会话执行 \u003ccode\u003eSHOW plpgsql.check_asserts\u003c/code\u003e，其他连接的设置不会影响它。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e如果主报文是 \u003ccode\u003eassertion failed\u003c/code\u003e，检查 ASSERT 是否没有 message，或 message 表达式是否计算为 NULL。如果完全没有 P0004，先检查 \u003ccode\u003eSHOW plpgsql.check_asserts\u003c/code\u003e：关闭时会在计算条件前跳过检查。比较调用时要同时保留函数源码和会话设置；连接池中的另一个连接可能有不同设置，即使它们调用的是同一个函数。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e区分程序不变量和预期业务输入。\u003ccode\u003evalue \u0026gt; 0\u003c/code\u003e 这类 ASSERT 适合检查经过验证后本应永远成立的假设；预期的负数等业务输入应使用普通校验、约束或明确的应用错误。若错误发生在显式事务中，先检查事务状态再发送下一条命令：运行案例中事务在 \u003ccode\u003eROLLBACK\u003c/code\u003e 前是 \u003ccode\u003eINERROR\u003c/code\u003e，并不是连接已经失效。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e处置 {#response}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e显式事务中先执行 \u003ccode\u003eROLLBACK\u003c/code\u003e，再以修正后的不变量或输入重现。共享案例验证了 \u003ccode\u003eROLLBACK → IDLE\u003c/code\u003e、有效调用返回 \u003ccode\u003e1\u003c/code\u003e，以及把 \u003ccode\u003eplpgsql.check_asserts\u003c/code\u003e 设为 \u003ccode\u003eoff\u003c/code\u003e 后同一个 false 输入不再报告断言。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e如果 PL/pgSQL block 有意处理这个命名条件，可以使用 \u003ccode\u003eWHEN ASSERT_FAILURE\u003c/code\u003e。\u003ccode\u003eWHEN OTHERS\u003c/code\u003e 不会捕获 \u003ccode\u003eASSERT_FAILURE\u003c/code\u003e，因此不能靠宽泛 handler 隐藏断言失败。异常块可以按文档规定的子事务边界恢复，但吞掉错误前必须检查不变量；关闭断言只是诊断对照，不是修复。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e版本 {#versions}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e锁定目录从 9.5.0 记录 P0004，并在列出的正式快照及 19beta3 中出现。固定执行器源码是 PostgreSQL 18.6 的 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c#L3965-L3968\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epl_exec.c#L3965-L3968\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e。官方 \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/plpgsql-errors-and-messages.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePL/pgSQL 错误和消息文档\u003c/a\u003e说明 ASSERT 和命名条件；\u003ca href=\"/docs/18/plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-ERROR-TRAPPING\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e控制结构中的错误捕获文档\u003c/a\u003e定义 \u003ccode\u003eEXCEPTION\u003c/code\u003e 子事务及 handler 匹配边界。最新版本与 PG10 的运行案例确认了共享函数中的 P0004 和事务行为。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e相关条件 {#related}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/P0002/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eP0002\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e 是 PL/pgSQL 无数据条件， \u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/P0003/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eP0003\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e 是严格多行条件， \u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/P0000/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eP0000\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e 是 PL/pgSQL 错误类别。应以响应中的实际 SQLSTATE 为准，不要把所有 PL/pgSQL 失败都归为 P0004。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e来源 {#sources}\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e固定实现见 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c#L3965-L3968\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epl_exec.c#L3965-L3968\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e。官方 \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/plpgsql-errors-and-messages.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePL/pgSQL 错误和消息参考\u003c/a\u003e说明 ASSERT 语义；\u003ca href=\"/docs/18/plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-ERROR-TRAPPING\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e控制结构中的错误捕获参考\u003c/a\u003e说明 \u003ccode\u003eWHEN OTHERS\u003c/code\u003e 排除项和子事务边界。结构化的\u003ca href=\"#sources\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e证据记录\u003c/a\u003e固定了源码 SHA、运行摘要、原始结果和共享片段注册表。\u003c/p\u003e\n","SourceRevision":"english-manuals:7b52e2fa72c2635d8c6f026e04c4234c170292416ad23065c2234b43e0c4d270","ContentHash":"50a4b558d5b6140a0243045f1233500febc66bc039f1a57dd9c52481ca83f6f6","Payload":{"body_md":"# P0004\n\n## 速览 {#at-a-glance}\n\nP0004 是 PL/pgSQL `assert_failure`。固定 `ASSERT` 执行路径确认它以 ERROR 报告，并按是否提供 message 选择错误文本；运行案例已在 PostgreSQL 18.6 和 10.21 上通过。\n\n\n共享的 `assertion_failure_recovery` 案例已在 PostgreSQL 18.6 和 PostgreSQL 10.21 上通过。启用 `plpgsql.check_asserts` 后，失败的 ASSERT 返回 `P0004` 和 `value must be positive`，显式事务进入 `INERROR`；`ROLLBACK` 恢复为 `IDLE`，有效输入执行成功，关闭断言的对照调用返回零。\n\n```sql\nCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION p0004_assert(value integer) RETURNS integer LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$ BEGIN ASSERT value \u003e 0, 'value must be positive'; RETURN value; END $$;\nSET plpgsql.check_asserts = on;\nSHOW plpgsql.check_asserts;\nBEGIN;\nSELECT p0004_assert(0);\nROLLBACK;\nSELECT p0004_assert(1);\nSET plpgsql.check_asserts = off;\nSHOW plpgsql.check_asserts;\nSELECT p0004_assert(0);\nSET plpgsql.check_asserts = on;\nSHOW plpgsql.check_asserts;\nSELECT p0004_assert(1);\n```\n\n## 含义 {#meaning}\n\nASSERT 是 PL/pgSQL 中执行的不变量检查。PostgreSQL 计算其 Boolean 条件；结果为 **false 或 NULL** 时进入断言失败路径。固定执行器随后以 ERROR 和 SQLSTATE `P0004` 报告：只在进入该路径后计算 message 表达式，非 NULL 结果成为主报文，NULL 或省略 message 时使用 `assertion failed`。关闭检查时，条件和 message 表达式都会跳过。\n\n`plpgsql.check_asserts` 是按会话生效的设置，用来控制是否检查 ASSERT。启用时，失败断言是真正的 ERROR，显式事务会进入 `INERROR`；关闭时 ASSERT 会被跳过，同一个 false 输入不能证明不变量成立，也不能替代生产环境的输入校验。\n\n选定运行覆盖了带非 NULL message 的 false 条件，以及关闭检查时的 false 条件。`NULL` 条件和无 message 的回退文本是源码确认的语义，不是本批额外的自然运行观察。\n\n## 诊断 {#diagnosis}\n\n先把 ErrorResponse 字段与服务器日志中的同一条记录对照。固定 18.6 路径的 `message_primary` 是计算后的 message 或 `assertion failed`；运行案例还记录了 `ERROR`、`P0004`、`exec_stmt_assert`，以及指向 PL/pgSQL 函数和 `line 1 at ASSERT` 的 context。要在出错的同一个会话执行 `SHOW plpgsql.check_asserts`，其他连接的设置不会影响它。\n\n如果主报文是 `assertion failed`，检查 ASSERT 是否没有 message，或 message 表达式是否计算为 NULL。如果完全没有 P0004，先检查 `SHOW plpgsql.check_asserts`：关闭时会在计算条件前跳过检查。比较调用时要同时保留函数源码和会话设置；连接池中的另一个连接可能有不同设置，即使它们调用的是同一个函数。\n\n区分程序不变量和预期业务输入。`value \u003e 0` 这类 ASSERT 适合检查经过验证后本应永远成立的假设；预期的负数等业务输入应使用普通校验、约束或明确的应用错误。若错误发生在显式事务中，先检查事务状态再发送下一条命令：运行案例中事务在 `ROLLBACK` 前是 `INERROR`，并不是连接已经失效。\n\n## 处置 {#response}\n\n显式事务中先执行 `ROLLBACK`，再以修正后的不变量或输入重现。共享案例验证了 `ROLLBACK → IDLE`、有效调用返回 `1`，以及把 `plpgsql.check_asserts` 设为 `off` 后同一个 false 输入不再报告断言。\n\n如果 PL/pgSQL block 有意处理这个命名条件，可以使用 `WHEN ASSERT_FAILURE`。`WHEN OTHERS` 不会捕获 `ASSERT_FAILURE`，因此不能靠宽泛 handler 隐藏断言失败。异常块可以按文档规定的子事务边界恢复，但吞掉错误前必须检查不变量；关闭断言只是诊断对照，不是修复。\n\n## 版本 {#versions}\n\n锁定目录从 9.5.0 记录 P0004，并在列出的正式快照及 19beta3 中出现。固定执行器源码是 PostgreSQL 18.6 的 [`pl_exec.c#L3965-L3968`](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c#L3965-L3968)。官方 [PL/pgSQL 错误和消息文档](/docs/18/plpgsql-errors-and-messages.html)说明 ASSERT 和命名条件；[控制结构中的错误捕获文档](/docs/18/plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-ERROR-TRAPPING)定义 `EXCEPTION` 子事务及 handler 匹配边界。最新版本与 PG10 的运行案例确认了共享函数中的 P0004 和事务行为。\n\n## 相关条件 {#related}\n\n[`P0002`](/wiki/sqlstate/P0002/) 是 PL/pgSQL 无数据条件， [`P0003`](/wiki/sqlstate/P0003/) 是严格多行条件， [`P0000`](/wiki/sqlstate/P0000/) 是 PL/pgSQL 错误类别。应以响应中的实际 SQLSTATE 为准，不要把所有 PL/pgSQL 失败都归为 P0004。\n\n## 来源 {#sources}\n\n固定实现见 [`pl_exec.c#L3965-L3968`](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c#L3965-L3968)。官方 [PL/pgSQL 错误和消息参考](/docs/18/plpgsql-errors-and-messages.html)说明 ASSERT 语义；[控制结构中的错误捕获参考](/docs/18/plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-ERROR-TRAPPING)说明 `WHEN OTHERS` 排除项和子事务边界。结构化的[证据记录](#sources)固定了源码 SHA、运行摘要、原始结果和共享片段注册表。\n","description":"PostgreSQL SQLSTATE P0004 的源码与诊断参考。","is_stale":false,"name":"","sections":[{"anchor":"","heading":"","html":"\u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;P0004\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;"},{"anchor":"at-a-glance","heading":"速览","html":"\u003cp\u003eP0004 是 PL/pgSQL \u003ccode\u003eassert_failure\u003c/code\u003e。固定 \u003ccode\u003eASSERT\u003c/code\u003e 执行路径确认它以 ERROR 报告，并按是否提供 message 选择错误文本；运行案例已在 PostgreSQL 18.6 和 10.21 上通过。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e共享的 \u003ccode\u003eassertion_failure_recovery\u003c/code\u003e 案例已在 PostgreSQL 18.6 和 PostgreSQL 10.21 上通过。启用 \u003ccode\u003eplpgsql.check_asserts\u003c/code\u003e 后，失败的 ASSERT 返回 \u003ccode\u003eP0004\u003c/code\u003e 和 \u003ccode\u003evalue must be positive\u003c/code\u003e，显式事务进入 \u003ccode\u003eINERROR\u003c/code\u003e；\u003ccode\u003eROLLBACK\u003c/code\u003e 恢复为 \u003ccode\u003eIDLE\u003c/code\u003e，有效输入执行成功，关闭断言的对照调用返回零。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003eCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION p0004_assert(value integer) RETURNS integer LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$ BEGIN ASSERT value \u0026gt; 0, 'value must be positive'; RETURN value; END $$;\nSET plpgsql.check_asserts = on;\nSHOW plpgsql.check_asserts;\nBEGIN;\nSELECT p0004_assert(0);\nROLLBACK;\nSELECT p0004_assert(1);\nSET plpgsql.check_asserts = off;\nSHOW plpgsql.check_asserts;\nSELECT p0004_assert(0);\nSET plpgsql.check_asserts = on;\nSHOW plpgsql.check_asserts;\nSELECT p0004_assert(1);\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e"},{"anchor":"meaning","heading":"含义","html":"\u003cp\u003eASSERT 是 PL/pgSQL 中执行的不变量检查。PostgreSQL 计算其 Boolean 条件；结果为 \u003cstrong\u003efalse 或 NULL\u003c/strong\u003e 时进入断言失败路径。固定执行器随后以 ERROR 和 SQLSTATE \u003ccode\u003eP0004\u003c/code\u003e 报告：只在进入该路径后计算 message 表达式，非 NULL 结果成为主报文，NULL 或省略 message 时使用 \u003ccode\u003eassertion failed\u003c/code\u003e。关闭检查时，条件和 message 表达式都会跳过。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eplpgsql.check_asserts\u003c/code\u003e 是按会话生效的设置，用来控制是否检查 ASSERT。启用时，失败断言是真正的 ERROR，显式事务会进入 \u003ccode\u003eINERROR\u003c/code\u003e；关闭时 ASSERT 会被跳过，同一个 false 输入不能证明不变量成立，也不能替代生产环境的输入校验。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e选定运行覆盖了带非 NULL message 的 false 条件，以及关闭检查时的 false 条件。\u003ccode\u003eNULL\u003c/code\u003e 条件和无 message 的回退文本是源码确认的语义，不是本批额外的自然运行观察。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"diagnosis","heading":"诊断","html":"\u003cp\u003e先把 ErrorResponse 字段与服务器日志中的同一条记录对照。固定 18.6 路径的 \u003ccode\u003emessage_primary\u003c/code\u003e 是计算后的 message 或 \u003ccode\u003eassertion failed\u003c/code\u003e；运行案例还记录了 \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003eP0004\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003eexec_stmt_assert\u003c/code\u003e，以及指向 PL/pgSQL 函数和 \u003ccode\u003eline 1 at ASSERT\u003c/code\u003e 的 context。要在出错的同一个会话执行 \u003ccode\u003eSHOW plpgsql.check_asserts\u003c/code\u003e，其他连接的设置不会影响它。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e如果主报文是 \u003ccode\u003eassertion failed\u003c/code\u003e，检查 ASSERT 是否没有 message，或 message 表达式是否计算为 NULL。如果完全没有 P0004，先检查 \u003ccode\u003eSHOW plpgsql.check_asserts\u003c/code\u003e：关闭时会在计算条件前跳过检查。比较调用时要同时保留函数源码和会话设置；连接池中的另一个连接可能有不同设置，即使它们调用的是同一个函数。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e区分程序不变量和预期业务输入。\u003ccode\u003evalue \u0026gt; 0\u003c/code\u003e 这类 ASSERT 适合检查经过验证后本应永远成立的假设；预期的负数等业务输入应使用普通校验、约束或明确的应用错误。若错误发生在显式事务中，先检查事务状态再发送下一条命令：运行案例中事务在 \u003ccode\u003eROLLBACK\u003c/code\u003e 前是 \u003ccode\u003eINERROR\u003c/code\u003e，并不是连接已经失效。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"response","heading":"处置","html":"\u003cp\u003e显式事务中先执行 \u003ccode\u003eROLLBACK\u003c/code\u003e，再以修正后的不变量或输入重现。共享案例验证了 \u003ccode\u003eROLLBACK → IDLE\u003c/code\u003e、有效调用返回 \u003ccode\u003e1\u003c/code\u003e，以及把 \u003ccode\u003eplpgsql.check_asserts\u003c/code\u003e 设为 \u003ccode\u003eoff\u003c/code\u003e 后同一个 false 输入不再报告断言。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e如果 PL/pgSQL block 有意处理这个命名条件，可以使用 \u003ccode\u003eWHEN ASSERT_FAILURE\u003c/code\u003e。\u003ccode\u003eWHEN OTHERS\u003c/code\u003e 不会捕获 \u003ccode\u003eASSERT_FAILURE\u003c/code\u003e，因此不能靠宽泛 handler 隐藏断言失败。异常块可以按文档规定的子事务边界恢复，但吞掉错误前必须检查不变量；关闭断言只是诊断对照，不是修复。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"versions","heading":"版本","html":"\u003cp\u003e锁定目录从 9.5.0 记录 P0004，并在列出的正式快照及 19beta3 中出现。固定执行器源码是 PostgreSQL 18.6 的 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c#L3965-L3968\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epl_exec.c#L3965-L3968\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e。官方 \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/plpgsql-errors-and-messages.html\"\u003ePL/pgSQL 错误和消息文档\u003c/a\u003e说明 ASSERT 和命名条件；\u003ca href=\"/docs/18/plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-ERROR-TRAPPING\"\u003e控制结构中的错误捕获文档\u003c/a\u003e定义 \u003ccode\u003eEXCEPTION\u003c/code\u003e 子事务及 handler 匹配边界。最新版本与 PG10 的运行案例确认了共享函数中的 P0004 和事务行为。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"related","heading":"相关条件","html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/P0002/\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eP0002\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e 是 PL/pgSQL 无数据条件， \u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/P0003/\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eP0003\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e 是严格多行条件， \u003ca href=\"/wiki/sqlstate/P0000/\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eP0000\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e 是 PL/pgSQL 错误类别。应以响应中的实际 SQLSTATE 为准，不要把所有 PL/pgSQL 失败都归为 P0004。\u003c/p\u003e"},{"anchor":"sources","heading":"来源","html":"\u003cp\u003e固定实现见 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c#L3965-L3968\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epl_exec.c#L3965-L3968\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e。官方 \u003ca href=\"/docs/18/plpgsql-errors-and-messages.html\"\u003ePL/pgSQL 错误和消息参考\u003c/a\u003e说明 ASSERT 语义；\u003ca href=\"/docs/18/plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-ERROR-TRAPPING\"\u003e控制结构中的错误捕获参考\u003c/a\u003e说明 \u003ccode\u003eWHEN OTHERS\u003c/code\u003e 排除项和子事务边界。结构化的\u003ca href=\"#sources\"\u003e证据记录\u003c/a\u003e固定了源码 SHA、运行摘要、原始结果和共享片段注册表。\u003c/p\u003e"}],"summary":"PL/pgSQL 的 ASSERT 断言条件不成立。","title":"P0004 — assert_failure","translation_source_rev":"df71634a4c96ebff6850ccab7369594b9bea62e34afd45af1b343406748622e8"}},"RequestedLocale":"zh-Hans","Fallback":false,"Versions":["10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20","9.5","9.6"],"Locales":["en","zh-Hans"],"Signatures":null,"Spellings":null,"SQLState":{"aliases":[],"catalogue_notes":{"earliest_observed":"9.5.0","formal_scope":"9.0.0..18.6","latest_observed":"18.6","matrix_scope":["9.0.23","9.1.24","9.2.24","9.3.25","9.4.26","9.5.25","9.6.24","10.23","11.22","12.22","13.23","14.24","15.19","16.15","17.11","18.6"],"pre9_scope":{"formal_tag_count":191,"maximum_release":"8.4.22","minimum_release":"7.0.0","source_definition_count":153,"source_doc_count":153,"source_file_count":306,"source_scope":"7.4..8.4 definition files; 7.0..7.3 candidate-path source gap probes","source_tag_count":153},"pre9_status":"not_observed","preview_scope":["19beta3"]},"class":"P0","class_name":"PL/pgSQL Error","condition_name":"assert_failure","condition_names":["assert_failure"],"definition_changes":[],"english_manuals":{"10":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"PL/pgSQL Error","condition_name":"assert_failure","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"9607b57e9f639b61785677ba4d226f5889fe1d19c8bf55a3337691899a9073cd","slug":"10"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"P0004"},"11":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"PL/pgSQL Error","condition_name":"assert_failure","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"3a024e38263ad77de228eed7930b842b42dc1d5cab9ca3727be8eed872ec9539","slug":"11"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"P0004"},"12":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"PL/pgSQL Error","condition_name":"assert_failure","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"1444bd6a138537cd75be88a220ee9472ac528f0cfc58758e49636d85455efe98","slug":"12"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"P0004"},"13":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"PL/pgSQL Error","condition_name":"assert_failure","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"4a3ef8af218e5736dfde8660ba609e84233b6b3bac7e0210ff8724cf1b27b2db","slug":"13"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"P0004"},"14":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"PL/pgSQL Error","condition_name":"assert_failure","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"1c12e83304e0f4ff64c9d98ca5e3007df6756932ed19867a4fa0e0650f6c5751","slug":"14"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"P0004"},"15":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"PL/pgSQL Error","condition_name":"assert_failure","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"2161f58f6e87f6535b3b1f3d4661427bb6765f4f6b074fcc16fac97594b50599","slug":"15"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"P0004"},"16":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"PL/pgSQL Error","condition_name":"assert_failure","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"928e705933d7c3d018ae3fba9d800b34e6325746d157339dce878473c519d100","slug":"16"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"P0004"},"17":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"PL/pgSQL Error","condition_name":"assert_failure","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"868135520af87351e3ea1ba42656111cbd2d157d98e1fef05ea158ac5729d8b1","slug":"17"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"P0004"},"18":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"PL/pgSQL Error","condition_name":"assert_failure","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"56dacf78e618ff0fd8c533e05db597b80d7ebbad7f8e512a888217d0640aa328","slug":"18"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"P0004"},"19":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"PL/pgSQL Error","condition_name":"assert_failure","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"63fb8d1aa9f494eeab9d0f8542a2b673f7746ee41ae2689d19403cb3cc425a5c","slug":"19"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"P0004"},"20":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"PL/pgSQL Error","condition_name":"assert_failure","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"0d3f602127cd137cf343b32d5fa78f175eeb6cdcb6353b1f6f998ede6cb7b911","slug":"devel"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"P0004"},"9.5":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"PL/pgSQL Error","condition_name":"assert_failure","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"d40bc67cb331f1e4ccc0821ff57832c6c230edb0dce3ba4249defd21ae7ea29d","slug":"9.5"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"P0004"},"9.6":{"aliases":[],"class_name":"PL/pgSQL Error","condition_name":"assert_failure","doc":{"anchor":"ERRCODES-APPENDIX","file":"errcodes-appendix.html","lang":"en","sha256":"2ab55e487571c8998ec39b3d1bbae29ac6fc5c310875bee422d9a7b8b3fde5b3","slug":"9.6"},"lang":"en","sqlstate":"P0004"}},"history_boundary":{"earliest_observed":"9.5.0","formal_tag_count":351,"gaps":[{"after":"18.6","before":"18.4","reason":"Non-adjacent release tags or a source gap; 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