DocumentationVersion comparison
POSTGRESQL · VERSION COMPARE
Compare PostgreSQL major or minor versions to explore new features, bug fixes, and CVE security records.
Includes changes after the source version through the target. A major version name means its initial release.
From PostgreSQL 9.0 onward: 17 major branches and 352 release notes. Updated 2026-09-26.
Minor update
2022-10-13 2026-08-13
15.0 SupportedSupport ends 2027-11-11
15.19 SupportedSupport ends 2027-11-11
| CVE / issue | Severity | Fixed version |
|---|---|---|
| CVE-2026-6637 Prevent SQL injection and buffer overruns in contrib/spi Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.18 |
| CVE-2026-6477 Mark PQfn() as unsafe, and avoid using it within libpq Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.18 |
| CVE-2026-6475 Prevent path traversal in pg_basebackup and pg_rewind Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.18 |
| CVE-2026-6473 Fix assorted integer overflows in memory-allocation calculations Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.18 |
| CVE-2026-2006 Fix inadequate validation of multibyte character lengths Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.16 |
| CVE-2026-2005 Fix buffer overrun in contrib/pgcrypto's PGP decryption functions Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.16 |
| CVE-2026-2004 Harden selectivity estimators against being attached to operators that accept unexpected data types Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.16 |
| CVE-2026-19385 Remove pg_dump's assumption that pg_proc.protrftypes cannot have more than FUNC_MAX_ARGS entries Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-18408 Do not do backquote expansion on the argument of psql's \unrestrict command Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-16239 Cross-check the output row type of a portal running EXECUTE or FETCH Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-15742 Fix integer overflows in contrib/fuzzystrmatch's levenshtein() and levenshtein_less_equal() functions Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-15741 When deparsing an EXTRACT() function call, quote the field name if needed Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-14680 Reject calls from SQL to functions that take or return type internal Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-14677 Fix integer overflows in memory-allocation calculations in PL/Perl and PL/Tcl Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-14671 Remove the plan cache in contrib/refint Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-14670 Harden PL/Perl against “tied” Perl arrays and hashes Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-14669 Fix buffer overrun with long time zone abbreviation in to_char() Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-14664 Fix buffer overrun in regexp match/split functions Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-14662 Harden tsvector and tsquery code against overly long values (both individual lexemes and total vector/query length) Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.19 |
| CVE-2025-8715 Convert newlines to spaces in names included in comments in pg_dump output Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.14 |
| CVE-2025-8714 Prevent pg_dump scripts from being used to attack the user running the restore Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.14 |
| CVE-2024-7348 Prevent unauthorized code execution during pg_dump Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.8 |
| CVE-2024-10979 Prevent trusted PL/Perl code from changing environment variables Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.9 |
| CVE-2023-5869 Detect integer overflow while computing new array dimensions Fixed in target | 8.8High | 15.5 |
| CVE-2026-14679 Fix various places that mistakenly assumed they would not have to deal with more than FUNC_MAX_ARGS function arguments Fixed in target | 8.2High | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-6464 Fix psql to skip in-line data following a scripted COPY ... FROM STDIN command, even if the COPY fails before sending PGRES_COPY_IN Fixed in target | 8.1High | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-14668 Make scalarineqsel() check that a constant it expects to be of type tid actually is Fixed in target | 8.1High | 15.19 |
| CVE-2025-1094 Harden PQescapeString and allied functions against invalidly-encoded input strings Fixed in target | 8.1High | 15.11 |
| CVE-2024-0985 Tighten security restrictions within REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY Fixed in target | 8.0High | 15.6 |
| CVE-2026-6479 Prevent unbounded recursion while processing startup packets Fixed in target | 7.5High | 15.18 |
| CVE-2023-39417 Disallow substituting a schema or owner name into an extension script if the name contains a quote, backslash, or dollar sign Fixed in target | 7.5High | 15.4 |
| CVE-2026-6471 Restrict logical decoding output plugins to the set specified by a new server parameter output_plugin_libraries Fixed in target | 7.2High | 15.19 |
| CVE-2023-2454 Prevent CREATE SCHEMA from defeating changes in search_path Fixed in target | 7.2High | 15.3 |
| CVE-2026-6478 Use timing-safe string comparisons in authentication code Fixed in target | 6.5Medium | 15.18 |
| CVE-2026-14663 Fix contrib/pgcrypto's PGP encryption to detect unsupported ciphers Fixed in target | 6.5Medium | 15.19 |
| CVE-2025-4207 Avoid one-byte buffer overread when examining invalidly-encoded strings that are claimed to be in GB18030 encoding Fixed in target | 5.9Medium | 15.13 |
| CVE-2025-12818 Avoid integer overflow in allocation-size calculations within libpq Fixed in target | 5.9Medium | 15.15 |
| CVE-2026-6472 When creating a multirange type, ensure the user has CREATE privilege on the schema specified for the multirange type Fixed in target | 5.4Medium | 15.18 |
| CVE-2026-6474 Guard against malicious time zone names in timeofday() and pg_strftime() Fixed in target | 4.3Medium | 15.18 |
| CVE-2026-6470 Check for USAGE privilege on data types in places that formerly failed to check that Fixed in target | 4.3Medium | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-2003 Guard against unexpected dimensions of oidvector/int2vector Fixed in target | 4.3Medium | 15.16 |
| CVE-2026-18024 Harden the ascii() function against invalid input Fixed in target | 4.3Medium | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-14678 Fix datatype error in contrib/pg_trgm's GiST picksplit function Fixed in target | 4.3Medium | 15.19 |
| CVE-2023-5868 Fix handling of unknown-type arguments in DISTINCT "any" aggregate functions Fixed in target | 4.3Medium | 15.5 |
| CVE-2026-14666 Invalidate role-dependent cached plans after role changes Fixed in target | 4.2Medium | 15.19 |
| CVE-2024-10978 Fix unintended interactions between SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION and SET ROLE Fixed in target | 4.2Medium | 15.9 |
| CVE-2024-10976 Ensure cached plans are marked as dependent on the calling role when RLS applies to a non-top-level table reference Fixed in target | 4.2Medium | 15.9 |
| CVE-2023-2455 Enforce row-level security policies correctly after inlining a set-returning function Fixed in target | 4.2Medium | 15.3 |
| CVE-2026-6469 Preserve the ownership of extended statistics objects when they are rebuilt by ALTER TABLE Fixed in target | 3.8Low | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-16241 Fix out-of-bounds writes in ecpg applications caused by invalid bytea data received from the server Fixed in target | 3.8Low | 15.19 |
| CVE-2026-14673 Ensure that contrib/amcheck functions restrict search_path before executing index expressions Fixed in target | 3.8Low | 15.19 |
| CVE-2022-41862 libpq can leak memory contents after GSSAPI transport encryption initiation fails Fixed in target | 3.7Low | 15.2 |
| CVE-2025-8713 Tighten security checks in planner estimation functions Fixed in target | 3.1Low | 15.14 |
| CVE-2025-12817 Check for CREATE privileges on the schema in CREATE STATISTICS Fixed in target | 3.1Low | 15.15 |
| CVE-2024-4317 Restrict visibility of pg_stats_ext and pg_stats_ext_exprs entries to the table owner Fixed in target | 3.1Low | 15.7 |
| CVE-2024-10977 Make libpq discard error messages received during SSL or GSS protocol negotiation Fixed in target | 3.1Low | 15.9 |
| CVE-2023-39418 Fix MERGE to enforce row security policies properly Fixed in target | 3.1Low | 15.4 |
| CVE-2023-5870 Prevent the pg_signal_backend role from signalling background workers and autovacuum processes Fixed in target | 2.2Low | 15.5 |
A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, the first three security entries below describe configuration adjustments and data cleanups that you may need to make after updating.
Also, if you use contrib/btree_gist or contrib/ltree, you may need to reindex indexes made with those extensions; see the relevant entries below.
Also, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.14, see Section E.6.
Changes
Restrict logical decoding output plugins to the set specified by a new server parameter output_plugin_libraries (Jacob Champion) §
Previously, a replication user could select any loadable library for logical decoding, allowing exploits of various sorts. To allow locking this down without breaking setups that worked before, introduce a whitelist of allowed output plugins.
By default, only the output plugins shipped as part of PostgreSQL (pgoutput and test_decoding) are included in output_plugin_libraries. Installations that rely on other output plugins must add them after updating the server, for example
output_plugin_libraries = 'pgoutput, test_decoding, my_trusted_decoder'
Additionally, pg_upgrade --check will fail if the output_plugin_libraries parameter on the new cluster does not permit the plugins of logical replication slots on the old cluster, when migrating from versions 17 and later. Make necessary additions to the new cluster's setting before performing pg_upgrade.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Vladimir Tokarev and Yu Kunpeng for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-6471)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix contrib/pgcrypto's PGP encryption to detect unsupported ciphers (Daniel Gustafsson) § §
Previously, if OpenSSL rejected the requested cipher (for example, because it is running in FIPS mode, or the legacy provider hasn't been loaded), pgcrypto failed to notice the failure and simply XOR'd the non-encrypted block with the plaintext, rendering the “encryption” trivially breakable. This will typically occur with deprecated or non-FIPS cipher algorithms (cipher-algo=blowfish/bf, twofish, cast5, or 3des).
By default, pgcrypto will now fail to decrypt any messages that were affected in this way. To allow retrieval of such data, a new option ignore-cipher-failure has been added to pgp_pub_decrypt() and pgp_sym_decrypt(). Setting ignore-cipher-failure=1 will restore their previous behavior, allowing the faulty encryption wrapper to be stripped off:
pgp_sym_decrypt(encrypted_column, any key, 'ignore-cipher-failure=1')
Once the affected messages are identified and stripped of their wrappers, they can then be re-encrypted with a modern algorithm. It is important however that the behavior of OpenSSL be the same as it was when the faulty messages were created: if the set of unsupported algorithms is not the same, this approach will not work. See the documentation for ignore-cipher-failure.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Shishir Sharma for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-14663)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix psql to skip in-line data following a scripted COPY ... FROM STDIN command, even if the COPY fails before sending PGRES_COPY_IN (Tom Lane) § §
Previously, if a COPY command failed at startup (for instance, because the target table doesn't exist) psql would not realize that and would proceed to read the following in-line data as SQL commands. In the best case that's wrong and in the worst case it's a SQL-injection hazard. Teach psql to recognize syntactically-valid COPY ... FROM STDIN commands and to skip data on its own authority if the server doesn't respond with PGRES_COPY_IN.
While this fix is unlikely to affect any production SQL scripts, test scripts might intentionally exercise failing COPY ... FROM STDIN commands. Those will need to gain a \. data terminator line after each such command.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Alexander Lakhin for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-6464)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Cross-check the output row type of a portal running EXECUTE or FETCH (Robert Haas) §
EXECUTE and FETCH use two portals: an outer one for the statement itself, and an inner one running the query being executed on its behalf. It was previously possible to make the declared row types of the two portals diverge, leading to server memory disclosure and arbitrary code execution.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Ben Morris (in collaboration with Claude and Anthropic Research) and Peter Geoghegan for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-16239)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix buffer overrun with long time zone abbreviation in to_char() (Tom Lane) §
This can easily crash the server, and exploits leading to arbitrary code execution have been reported.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Hcamael, Amjad Shahzad, Tan Zhen of AntAISecurityLab, Tomer Fichman, Zheng Yu, Amy Burnett (OpenAI Codex Security), Rick de Jager, Heewon Song, Sylvie Mayer, Aleksander Alekseev, and Hillai Ben Sasson for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-14669)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix buffer overrun in regexp match/split functions (Masahiko Sawada) §
If passed invalidly-encoded data, these functions could write past the end of their conversion buffer.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Francesco Verardi for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-14664)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Harden the ascii() function against invalid input (Michael Paquier) §
By supplying invalidly-encoded input, this function could be coaxed to read and return a few bytes of data that it shouldn't. In assert-enabled builds, its assertions could be triggered too.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Hcamael for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-18024)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix multirange type handling in pg_restore_attribute_stats() (OpenAI Security Research Team)
pg_restore_attribute_stats() treated multirange types just like their underlying range type. This works correctly for the bounds histogram, but it was wrong for all the other statistics kinds.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Amy Burnett (OpenAI Codex Security) for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-16238)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Make scalarineqsel() check that a constant it expects to be of type tid actually is (Tom Lane) §
This expectation will hold for all the built-in operators that use this estimator, but a maliciously-constructed operator could violate it, leading to a crash or server memory disclosure.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Hcamael for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-14668)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Harden tsvector and tsquery code against overly long values (both individual lexemes and total vector/query length) (Tom Lane) § §
The documented limits were not enforced in all code paths.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Yuhang Wu, Zhenpeng Lin, Zheng Yu, and Hcamael for reporting these problems. (CVE-2026-14662)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix various places that mistakenly assumed they would not have to deal with more than FUNC_MAX_ARGS function arguments (Tom Lane) § §
Notably, the server's actual limit on the number of arguments to an aggregate function is FUNC_MAX_ARGS - 1, but the parser failed to enforce that, creating hazards downstream.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Zheng Yu, ylwangtju, and Masahiko Sawada for reporting these problems. (CVE-2026-14679)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Reject calls from SQL to functions that take or return type internal (Tom Lane) § §
The existing defenses against doing this have been shown to be insufficient, so add more explicit checks.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Amy Burnett (OpenAI Codex Security) for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-14680)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Preserve the ownership of extended statistics objects when they are rebuilt by ALTER TABLE (Masahiko Sawada) §
Previously, the role running ALTER TABLE gained ownership of such objects, but that seems inappropriate.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Noah Misch for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-6469)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
When deparsing an EXTRACT() function call, quote the field name if needed (Nathan Bossart) §
The parser accepts any string literal as a field name in EXTRACT(), deferring validation to execution. If the call is stored and deparsed (for example during pg_dump), the string body was regurgitated verbatim, allowing SQL injection.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Ben Morris (in collaboration with Claude and Anthropic Research) for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-15741)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Check for USAGE privilege on data types in places that formerly failed to check that (Nathan Bossart) § § §
CREATE TYPE AS RANGE did not check, nor did ALTER TABLE OF, nor did commands that create stored expressions. These omissions allowed roles without USAGE privilege to nonetheless create objects depending on the type, possibly blocking the type's owner from changing the type later.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Jingzhou Fu for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-6470)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Invalidate role-dependent cached plans after role changes (Ilya Staroverov, Shinya Kato, Nathan Bossart) §
Role membership, role attribute, and database ownership changes may impact the expected behavior of row-level security policies, but previously we'd continue to use cached plans that were made according to the old state of affairs.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Ilya Staroverov and Shinya Kato for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-14666)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Reject GSSEncRequest after direct SSL connection (Michael Paquier)
After establishing a TLS-encrypted connection, the server would still accept a request for GSSAPI encryption. If that succeeded, the connection would proceed using TLS encryption, but it would look like a GSS connection to the pg_hba rules. Thus, a pg_hba policy intending to disallow TLS would not be enforced correctly.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks p4p3r for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-14681)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Make mock SCRAM authentication secrets more plausible (Nathan Bossart)
If a SCRAM login is attempted against a role that doesn't exist or doesn't have a SCRAM secret, we generate a mock secret and carry out the authentication handshake anyway, to avoid revealing these facts to an attacker. But the mock secret was made with a fixed iteration count, which in itself can be an observable response discrepancy. Use the configuration setting scram_iterations instead, to make the mock secret look more like the installation's real secrets.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Radim Marek for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-14672)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix out-of-bounds writes in ecpg applications caused by invalid bytea data received from the server (Michael Paquier) §
ecpg assumed without checking that any bytea value must begin with \x. A broken or malicious server might send a string shorter than 2 bytes, resulting in memory clobber in the application.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks ylwangtju for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-16241)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Do not do backquote expansion on the argument of psql's \unrestrict command (Nathan Bossart) §
This oversight in the fix for CVE-2025-8714 allows a malicious server to inject shell commands into plain-text dump output that will be run at restore time on the machine running psql, the exact scenario that CVE-2025-8714 intended to prevent.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Lucas Velgus, Filip Janus, and Daniel Bakker for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-18408)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Remove pg_dump's assumption that pg_proc.protrftypes cannot have more than FUNC_MAX_ARGS entries (Tom Lane) §
Since there could be entries for both input and output arguments, it's feasible for this array's length to exceed FUNC_MAX_ARGS (which constrains only input arguments). Even if that were not so, pg_dump cannot assume that the server was built with the same value of FUNC_MAX_ARGS that it has. An overrun would lead to a memory clobber inside pg_dump.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Masahiko Sawada for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-19385)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Harden PL/Perl against “tied” Perl arrays and hashes (Tom Lane) §
A tied object that doesn't behave like a regular one could lead to memory overwrite, or to constructing a corrupt result array (which would likely cause problems later).
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Hcamael for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-14670)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix integer overflows in memory-allocation calculations in PL/Perl and PL/Tcl (Heikki Linnakangas) §
This is the same type of problem as CVE-2026-6473, just in a different part of the code, and is fixed in the same way.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks the Tulya Project (Team Dhiutsa, Bitecope Technologies Private Ltd) for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-14677)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure that contrib/amcheck functions restrict search_path before executing index expressions (Noah Misch) §
Because amcheck will run such index expressions as the owner of their tables, a caller could potentially hijack search_path-dependent functions to run arbitrary code as the table owner. By default this is not a vulnerability because only superusers are allowed to call amcheck functions; but if that privilege was granted out, it created a larger hazard than the documentation suggests.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Yuelin Wang and Jacob Brazeal for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-14673)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix integer overflows in contrib/fuzzystrmatch's levenshtein() and levenshtein_less_equal() functions (Nathan Bossart) §
Passing large cost values to these functions could cause integer overflows, thereby producing nonsensical results, and even causing out-of-bounds writes in some cases.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Ben Morris (in collaboration with Claude and Anthropic Research) for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-15742)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix buffer overrun in contrib/pg_stat_statements (Álvaro Herrera)
Query normalization didn't accurately account for the amount of space the normalized string would require.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Sajeeb Lohani (with TrendAI Zero Day Initiative) and Yuelin Wang for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-14676)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix datatype error in contrib/pg_trgm's GiST picksplit function (Heikki Linnakangas) §
This mistake resulted in reading past the end of the buffer, typically causing bad split decisions; but a crash could ensue if you're very unlucky.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Mehmet D. Ince for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-14678)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Remove the plan cache in contrib/refint (Ayush Tiwari) §
This caching behavior has several serious bugs, notably that check_foreign_key() embeds the new key values in its cascade-UPDATE queries, so a cached plan reuses the originally-needed values rather than the key values that should be used. The simplest solution is to remove it.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Hcamael for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-14671)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix self-deadlock when replaying WAL generated by an older minor version (Andrey Borodin) §
This error was introduced in the previous set of minor releases. It caused standby servers that were following a primary of an older minor release version to get stuck in some scenarios.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix mis-handling of asynchronous reads when rescanning an asynchronous Append plan node (Alexander Korotkov, Gleb Kashkin, Etsuro Fujita) §
When an upper plan node rescans an Append before having read the entire Append output, we need to discard any in-flight requests sent to external servers (by postgres_fdw for example). This was not done correctly in cases where a subplan has parameter changes or is discarded by partition pruning in the next scan. The outcome could be incorrect query results, an infinite loop, or an assertion failure.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix error in partition pruning for RANGE-partitioned tables (David Rowley) §
In some cases the DEFAULT partition would be skipped when it should not be, which could lead to rows missing from query results.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix planner's nullability and strictness checks for value IN (array)
These checks should only succeed if the array operand is known to be non-empty, but that consideration was missed, allowing optimizations to be applied that should not be. This could result in wrong query answers if the array actually was empty.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Add missed checks for hashability of equality comparisons on container datatypes (arrays, composites, ranges) (Andrei Lepikhov, Tom Lane) §
The planner must verify hashability of the container's component type(s) before deciding it can use a hash-based plan type. This step was missed in some places, leading to “could not identify a hash function” failures at execution.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix mis-optimization of COUNT window functions that have an EXCLUDE clause or lack ORDER BY (Chengpeng Yan, David Rowley) §
These window functions were treated as monotonic when they should not be, allowing wrong answers to be computed.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix ALTER COLUMN ... DROP EXPRESSION to work when there are multiple levels of partitions (Alberto Piai) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Disallow renaming a rule to _RETURN (Tom Lane) §
That name is reserved for a view's ON SELECT rule, but ALTER RULE allowed renaming other rules to _RETURN, causing trouble later.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix use of REINDEX CONCURRENTLY with a deferred uniqueness constraint (Nitin Motiani) §
The transient index copy created during REINDEX CONCURRENTLY was incorrectly marked as enforcing immediate uniqueness, causing spurious reports of constraint violation.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix matching of localized month/day names in to_date() (Heikki Linnakangas) §
The matching logic misbehaved in cases where case-folding changes the byte length of the string.
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Changes
Fix incorrect NFC recomposition for Hangul U+11A7 (TBASE) (Diego Frias, Michael Paquier) §
This character was treated as a valid T syllable, which it is not, and hence silently swallowed during normalization.
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Changes
Avoid possible truncation of output lexemes in case-insensitive synonym dictionaries (Jeff Davis) §
If folding to lower case increased the byte length of a lexeme, it was incorrectly truncated to its original byte length when emitted.
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Changes
Fix typo in hash_record_extended() (Man Zeng) §
The code failed to initialize the second isnull argument passed to FunctionCallInvoke(). This is harmless for existing in-core extended hash support functions, which will not examine that value. However, extension-provided hash functions could be affected if they inspect PG_ARGISNULL(1).
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Changes
Prevent satisfies_hash_partition() from crashing with VARIADIC NULL (Robert Haas) §
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Changes
Report invalid-weight errors more cleanly and consistently in tsvector_filter() and allied functions (Ewan Young) §
In particular, report weight characters that are not printable ASCII in octal form (\), as nnncharout() would render them. This avoids possibly producing an invalidly-encoded error message.
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Changes
Fix mishandling of namespace nodes in xpath() (Michael Paquier) § §
This fix avoids an unexpected “could not copy node” error.
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Changes
Treat an undefined jsonpath variable as an error even when no variables are supplied (Andrey Rachitskiy) §
The jsonb @? and @@ operators cannot supply any variables to be used in their jsonpath expressions. This code path erroneously treated an unknown jsonpath variable as a JSON null, rather than raising an error as expected. Aside from not being the expected behavior, this mistake could result in unbounded memory consumption.
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Changes
Avoid machine-dependent behavior when dividing the smallest possible money value by -1 (Andrey Rachitskiy) §
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Changes
Fix crash after out-of-memory failure partway through creation of a cache entry for a text search dictionary (Tom Lane) §
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Changes
Fix memory-safety bugs in processing of incorrect ispell/hunspell dictionary files (Andrey Rachitskiy) §
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Changes
Honor query cancel and vacuum delay during GIN index posting-tree cleanup (Paul Kim, Alexander Korotkov) §
The posting tree for a common value can be large, so that this missed check could allow vacuum to run for a long time before noticing an interrupt.
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Changes
Fix possible mis-decoding of index tuples during GiST and SP-GiST index-only scans (Peter Geoghegan) §
This error could lead to emitting corrupted data from an index-only scan plan. The only affected core opclass is GiST's range_ops, and it could only fail if the range column were not the first index column.
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Changes
When creating directories, tolerate concurrent creation of the same directory (Andrew Dunstan, Tom Lane) §
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Changes
Prevent creation of dangling object dependencies by acquiring a shared lock on any object being depended on (Bertrand Drouvot) § §
The shared lock will conflict with any attempt to drop the depended-on object, eliminating the race condition that formerly existed. For example, if one session drops a schema (that appears empty to it) concurrently with some other session creating a function in that schema, previously both transactions could commit, leaving an invalid function definition behind. Now, one transaction or the other will fail.
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Changes
Fix race condition in conflict detection for SERIALIZABLE isolation mode (Peter Geoghegan) §
A conflict could be missed when examining an initially-empty btree index, allowing failure of serializability due to improperly allowing conflicting transactions to commit.
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Changes
Fix race condition in ProcSignalBarrier code (Masahiko Sawada) §
This error could result in processes getting stuck, typically after reporting “still waiting for backend with PID nnnn to accept ProcSignalBarrier”.
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Changes
Fix race conditions when a set of processes that belong to the same lock group exit at the same time (Vlad Lesin) § §
These errors could lead to PANIC aborts, with messages such as “latch already owned”. The issue does not normally arise in regular parallel query, since the leader won't exit before seeing its workers finish; but some extensions reach the problem.
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Changes
Avoid exposing a WAL receiver's full connection string during timeline jumps (Chao Li) §
The pg_stat_wal_receiver view should show a sanitized version of the connection string, without sensitive data. But it transiently showed the full string when we re-use an existing WAL receiver.
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Changes
Use run-time checks, not just Asserts, to verify the correct number of columns in tuples received during logical replication (Varik Matevosyan) §
A malicious or buggy publisher could send inconsistent numbers of columns. While we could not find a scenario in which this would have serious ill effects, extra caution seems warranted.
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Changes
Clean up quoting of string parameters within constructed replication commands (Tom Lane) §
Various places that generate replication commands were not being adequately careful about quoting replication slot names and other parameters that need to be inserted into those commands. This could result in unexpected syntax errors in those commands. In principle, a crafted replication slot name could result in SQL injection; but such a scenario seems very unlikely to occur in practice, since replication operations can only be invoked by highly-privileged users and there is no reason for them to use a slot name coming from an untrustworthy source.
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Changes
Fix logical decoding of empty prepared transactions (Masahiko Sawada) §
A prepared transaction that did not cause any decodable updates could result in sending COMMIT/ROLLBACK PREPARED to the output plugin with no preceding PREPARE. For the built-in subscriber this breaks replication, and other plugins will probably not like it either.
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Changes
Fix corruption of unlogged sequences after standby promotion (Fujii Masao) §
Previously, if an unlogged sequence was created on the primary and replicated to a standby, accessing the sequence after promoting the standby could fail with “bad magic number in sequence” or related errors.
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Changes
Fix cascading standby reconnect failure after archive fallback (Marco Nenciarini) §
A cascading standby could fail to reconnect to its upstream standby with “requested starting point ... is ahead of the WAL flush position” after falling back to archive recovery.
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Changes
Avoid race condition while dropping ephemeral replication slots (Zhijie Hou) §
The slot-releasing code performed some additional updates to the replication slot's shared-memory entry after releasing the slot. This is unsafe since another session could immediately re-use the dropped slot's shared-memory entry. Skip those updates in the case of an ephemeral slot.
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Changes
Fix stale progress reports during logical replication table synchronization (Shinya Kato) §
Previously, the pg_stat_progress_copy view in the subscriber would continue to show the initial COPY operation as active even after the data copy had finished. The stale entry remained visible until synchronization caught up with the publisher.
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Changes
Clear base backup progress on backup failure (Chao Li) § §
Previously the pg_stat_progress_basebackup view would continue to show a stale progress entry after a failure, until the replication client disconnected. pg_basebackup normally disconnects immediately, but other clients might not.
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Changes
Fix possible PANIC due to concurrent drop of pgstats entries when track_functions is enabled (Sami Imseih, Michael Paquier) § § §
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Changes
Clean up broken local pgstats entry after failing to obtain space for the corresponding shared hashtable entry (Niall Newman) §
Failure to do this led to a null-pointer dereference the next time the local entry was used.
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Changes
In PL/Perl, avoid NULL pointer dereference crash when working with an invalid PostgreSQL::InServer::ARRAY object (Xing Guo) §
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Changes
In PL/Python, properly check for errors when working with sequence and mapping objects (Richard Guo) §
Previously, a broken object or an unhandled exception could result in a NULL pointer dereference crash.
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Changes
In libpq, always drain all pending bytes from the SSL or GSS decryption buffer during pqReadData() (Jacob Champion) § § § §
This avoids edge cases where libpq or its calling application waits for more data to arrive on the socket, but actually all the data has already arrived.
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Changes
Allow libpq to accept ParameterDescription messages exceeding 30000 bytes (Ning Sun) §
Previously, this message type was not among those that libpq's validity heuristics believed could be long. The limit resulted in failure for prepared queries having more than 7498 parameters, which is unlikely but supported.
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Changes
Reject multiple descriptor header items in ecpg's GET/SET DESCRIPTOR statements (Masashi Kamura) §
Previously the grammar allowed this syntax, but broken C code was generated. Adjust the grammar and the documentation to allow only one header item.
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Changes
Make line widths match in psql's expanded aligned output format (Pavel Stehule) §
When the table's data rows are narrower than the record header lines, widen the data rows to match the headers, avoiding unsightly output.
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Changes
Fix psql's privilege check for showing database size in \l+ (Christoph Berg) §
The underlying server function permits users who have pg_read_all_stats privileges to see the sizes of all databases, even if they lack CONNECT privilege. But psql was unaware of that provision and would not call the function unless the user has CONNECT privilege.
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Changes
Fix psql's tab completion for \df to consider procedures too (Erik Wienhold) §
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Changes
Fix thread-safety bug in pgbench (Fujii Masao) §
When pgbench runs with multiple threads and the --verbose-errors option, different threads could attempt to use the same buffer to construct error messages, leading to corrupted log output.
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Changes
Use the source cluster's group-read file permissions for pg_recvlogical output files (Fujii Masao) §
pg_recvlogical was documented to behave this way, but it never actually enabled group-read.
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Changes
In contrib/amcheck, handle short-header varlena datums correctly (Andrey Borodin) §
This error could result in doing excess work while verifying a btree index, but seems not to have had any worse consequences.
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Changes
In contrib/btree_gist, fix NaN handling in the float4 and float8 opclasses (Bill Kim, Tom Lane) §
Comparisons, as well as the GiST penalty and distance functions, did not account for NaN and would give the wrong answer when handed one. It is recommended to reindex btree_gist indexes on float columns after installing this update, if there is any possibility that there are NaN entries in those columns.
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Changes
In contrib/btree_gist, fix searches using a not-equal operator (Ayush Tiwari) §
For variable-length data types, the code for scanning non-leaf index pages applied the wrong comparison function, leading to wrong results and potentially crashes.
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Changes
Fix unguarded recursion and loops in contrib/hstore_plperl, contrib/jsonb_plperl, and contrib/jsonb_plpython (Aleksander Alekseev) § §
Prevent stack overflow when dealing with deeply nested jsonb values, and allow interruption of the infinite loop caused when attempting to dereference circular chains of Perl object references.
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Changes
Fix missed release of statistics catcache entry in contrib/intarray (Man Zeng) §
This oversight led to warnings like “resource was not closed: cache pg_statistic”.
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Changes
In contrib/ltree, fix integer overflow in comparisons (Ayush Tiwari) §
ltree values containing more than about 14,653 labels resulted in wrong comparison answers due to overflow. If a btree index contains such values, it is probably corrupt and should be reindexed after installing this update.
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Changes
Fix array overrun in contrib/pg_surgery's heap_force_kill and heap_force_freeze functions (Michael Paquier) §
Attempting to change a TID whose offset number equals MaxHeapTuplesPerPage wrote one byte past the end of the allocated array, potentially crashing the server.
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Changes
In contrib/pg_surgery, avoid infinite loop with TID arrays having more than 64K elements (Andrey Rachitskiy) §
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Changes
Avoid NULL-pointer dereference in contrib/refint's check_foreign_key() (Ayush Tiwari) §
In the on-update-cascade case, a null value of a referenced column led to a crash. This is an oversight in the fix for CVE-2026-6637, but the code that was there before that wasn't really right either.
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Changes
Fix contrib/seg to print segments with ~ certainty indicators correctly (Ewan Young) §
Due to a typo, seg_out() did not print a ~ certainty indicator attached to a segment's upper boundary. Worse, if the lower boundary had ~ while the upper boundary had no indicator, the upper boundary was not printed at all, incorrectly converting the value into an open interval.
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Changes
Fix crash with namespace nodes in contrib/xml2's xpath_nodeset() function (Andrey Chernyy, Michael Paquier) §
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Changes
Support building PostgreSQL with Visual Studio 2026 (Andrew Dunstan) §
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Changes
Support building PostgreSQL with OpenSSL 4 (Daniel Gustafsson) §
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Changes
Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2026c (Tom Lane) §
Alberta (America/Edmonton) will be on year-round UTC-06 (effectively, permanent DST) beginning in November 2026. This release assumes that their TZ abbreviation will be CST from that time forward. That seems likely to change, but it's unclear what new abbreviation will be used.
Morocco (Africa/Casablanca) will move to permanent UTC+00, without daylight saving time transitions, on 2026-09-20.
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A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.14, see Section E.6.
Changes
Prevent unbounded recursion while processing startup packets (Michael Paquier) § §
A malicious client could crash the connected backend by alternating rejected SSL and GSS encryption requests indefinitely.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Calif.io (in collaboration with Claude and Anthropic Research) for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-6479)
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Changes
Fix assorted integer overflows in memory-allocation calculations (Tom Lane, Nathan Bossart, Heikki Linnakangas) § § § § § § § § § §
Various places were incautious about the possibility of integer overflow in calculations of how much memory to allocate. Overflow would lead to allocating a too-small buffer which the caller would then write past the end of. This would at least trigger server crashes, and probably could be exploited for arbitrary code execution. In many but by no means all cases, the hazard exists only in 32-bit builds.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Xint Code, Bruce Dang, Sven Klemm, and Pavel Kohout for reporting these problems. (CVE-2026-6473)
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Changes
Reject over-length options in ts_headline() (Michael Paquier) §
The StartSel, StopSel and FragmentDelimiter strings must not exceed 32Kb in length, but this was not checked for. An over-length value would typically crash the server.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Xint Code for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-6473)
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Changes
Guard against malicious time zone names in timeofday() and pg_strftime() (Tom Lane) § §
A crafted time zone setting could pass % sequences to snprintf(), potentially causing crashes or disclosure of server memory. Another path to similar results was to overflow the limited-size output buffer used by pg_strftime().
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Xint Code for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-6474)
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Changes
When creating a multirange type, ensure the user has CREATE privilege on the schema specified for the multirange type (Jelte Fennema-Nio) §
The multirange type can be put into a different schema than its parent range type, but we neglected to apply the required privilege check when doing so.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Jelte Fennema-Nio for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-6472)
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Changes
Use timing-safe string comparisons in authentication code (Michael Paquier) § §
Use timingsafe_bcmp() instead of memcmp() or strcmp() when checking passwords, hashes, etc. It is not known whether the data dependency of those functions is usefully exploitable in any of these places, but in the interests of safety, replace them.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Joe Conway for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-6478)
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Changes
Mark PQfn() as unsafe, and avoid using it within libpq (Nathan Bossart) §
For a non-integral result type, PQfn() is not passed the size of the output buffer, so it cannot check that the data returned by the server will fit. A malicious server could therefore overwrite client memory. This is unfixable without an API change, so mark the function as deprecated. Internally to libpq, use a variant version that can apply the missing check.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Yu Kunpeng and Martin Heistermann for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-6477)
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Changes
Prevent path traversal in pg_basebackup and pg_rewind (Michael Paquier) §
These applications failed to validate output file paths read from their input, so that a malicious source could overwrite any file writable by these applications. Constrain where data can be written by rejecting paths that are absolute or contain parent-directory references.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks XlabAI Team of Tencent Xuanwu Lab and Valery Gubanov for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-6475)
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Changes
Guard against field overflow within contrib/intarray's query_int type and contrib/ltree's ltxtquery type (Tom Lane) § §
Parsing of these query structures did not check for overflow of 16-bit fields, so that construction of an invalid query tree was possible. This can crash the server when executing the query.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Xint Code for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-6473)
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Changes
Guard against overly long values of contrib/ltree's lquery type (Michael Paquier) §
Values with more than 64K items caused internal overflows, potentially resulting in stack smashes or wrong answers.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Vergissmeinnicht, A1ex, and Jihe Wang for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-6473)
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Changes
Prevent SQL injection and buffer overruns in contrib/spi (Nathan Bossart) §
check_foreign_key() was insufficiently careful about quoting key values, and also used fixed-length buffers for constructing queries. While this module is only meant as example code, it still shouldn't contain such dangerous errors.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Nikolay Samokhvalov for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-6637)
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Changes
Check for nondeterministic collations before assuming that an equality condition on a collatable type implies uniqueness (Richard Guo) § §
Numerous planner optimizations assume that, for example, at most one table row can satisfy WHERE x = 'abc' if there is a unique index on x. However this conclusion is unsafe in general if the index and the WHERE clause have different collations attached. It is safe when both collations are deterministic, because that property essentially requires that equality of two strings means bitwise equality. But nondeterministic collations don't act that way, so that optimizing on the assumption of unique matches can give wrong query answers if either the WHERE clause or the index has a nondeterministic collation.
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Changes
Fix incorrect handling of NEW generated columns in rule actions and rule qualifications (Richard Guo, Dean Rasheed) §
Previously, such column references would produce NULL in INSERT cases, or be equivalent to the OLD value in UPDATE cases.
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Changes
Fix spurious “generated columns are not supported in COPY FROM WHERE conditions” errors (Tom Lane) §
Use of a system column in a COPY FROM WHERE condition could sometimes incorrectly report this error.
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Changes
Correctly report a serialization failure when MERGE encounters a concurrently-updated tuple in repeatable-read or serializable mode (Tender Wang) §
Previously, such cases behaved the same as in lower isolation levels.
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Changes
Fix CREATE TABLE ... LIKE ... INCLUDING STATISTICS for cases where the source table has dropped column(s) (Julien Tachoires) §
In such cases, extended statistics objects could be copied incorrectly, or the command could give an incorrect error.
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Changes
Allow ALTER INDEX ... ATTACH PARTITION to mark the parent index valid if appropriate (Sami Imseih) §
There are edge cases in which a partitioned index might remain marked as invalid even when all its leaf indexes are valid. This change provides a mechanism whereby a user can correct such a situation without resorting to manual catalog updates.
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Changes
Fix ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER to not drop the wrapper object's dependency on its handler function (Jeff Davis) §
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Changes
Disallow making a composite type be a member of itself via a multirange (Heikki Linnakangas) §
We already forbade such cases when the intermediate type is a domain, array, composite type, or range; but multiranges were overlooked.
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Changes
Fix datum-image comparisons to be insensitive to sign-extension variations (David Rowley) §
This fixes some situations that previously led to “could not find memoization table entry” errors or wrong query results.
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Changes
Fix incorrect logic for hashed IN/NOT IN with non-strict equality operator (Chengpeng Yan) §
The previous coding could crash or give wrong answers. All built-in data types have strict equality operators, so that this issue could only arise with an extension data type.
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Changes
Truncate overly-long locale-specific numeric symbols in to_char() (Tom Lane) §
If a locale specified a currency symbol, thousands separator, or decimal or sign symbol more than 8 bytes long, a buffer overrun was possible. No such locales exist in the real world, and it's impractical for an unprivileged attacker to install a malicious locale definition underneath a Postgres server; but for safety's sake check for overlength symbols and truncate if needed.
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Changes
Prevent buffer overruns when parsing an affix file for an Ispell dictionary (Tom Lane) § §
A corrupt or malicious affix file could crash the server. This is not considered a security issue because text search configuration files are presumed trustworthy, but it still seems worth fixing.
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Changes
Guard against integer overflow in calculations of frame start and end positions for window aggregates (Richard Guo) §
Very large user-specified offsets (close to INT64_MAX) could result in errors or incorrect query results.
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Changes
Fix incorrect behavior of pg_stat_reset_single_table_counters() on a shared catalog (Chao Li) §
Such cases had a side-effect of resetting the current database's stat_reset_timestamp, which was unintended.
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Changes
Fix buffer overread when pglz_decompress() receives corrupt input (Andrew Dunstan) §
It was possible to read a few bytes past the end of the input, which in very unlucky cases might cause a crash.
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Changes
Ensure that tuplestore data structures are internally consistent even after an error (Tom Lane) §
The code was previously careless about this, which is fine most of the time but is problematic for the tuplestore backing a WITH HOLD cursor. In v15 and before this leads to easily-reproducible crashes; later branches are not known to be vulnerable, but it seems best to preserve consistency in all.
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Changes
Fix premature NULL lag reporting in pg_stat_replication (Shinya Kato) §
The lag columns frequently read as NULL even while replication activity was happening.
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Changes
Avoid rare flush failure when working with non-WAL-logged GiST indexes (Tomas Vondra) §
A non-logged GiST index could nonetheless sometimes produce “xlog flush request n/nnnn is not satisfied” errors, due to incorrect selection of a “fake LSN” to represent an insertion point.
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Changes
Fix underestimate of required size of DSA page maps for odd-size segments (Paul Bunn) §
This miscalculation led to out-of-bounds accesses and hence server crashes.
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Changes
Fix possible server crash when processing extended statistics on expressions of extension data types (Michael Paquier) §
NULL pointer dereferences were possible if the data type's typanalyze function does not compute any useful statistics. No in-core typanalyze function behaves that way, but extensions could.
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Changes
If the startup process fails, properly shut down other child processes before exiting the postmaster (Ayush Tiwari) §
The handling of this situation relied on a long-obsolete assumption that no other postmaster children exist while the startup process is running, so that immediate postmaster exit is acceptable. Orphaned children would eventually notice the postmaster's death and exit on their own, but a cleaner shutdown procedure is desirable.
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Changes
Fix race condition between WAL replay of checkpoints and multixact ID creations (Heikki Linnakangas) §
A standby server following WAL from a primary of an older minor version could get into a crash-and-restart loop complaining about “could not access status of transaction”.
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Changes
Prevent indefinite wait in shutdown of a walsender process (Anthonin Bonnefoy) § §
At shutdown of a cluster that is publishing logical replication data, the walsender waits for all pending WAL to be written out. But it did not correctly request that to happen, so that in some cases this could become an indefinite wait.
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Changes
Ensure that changes to tables' free space maps are persisted during recovery (Alexey Makhmutov) §
Previously, while WAL replay did update the free space map while replaying operations that should change it, the map page buffer did not get marked dirty if checksums are enabled, so that the changes might never get written out. On a standby server, over time this would result in a map wildly at variance with the table's actual contents. While the map is only used as a hint, this condition could cause significant performance degradation for some period of time after the standby server is promoted to be active, until most of the map has been repaired by updates.
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Changes
Fix crashes in some ecpg functions when called without any established connection (Shruthi Gowda) §
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Changes
Fix assorted bugs in backup decompression and tar-parsing code (Andrew Dunstan, Tom Lane, Chao Li) § § §
The decompression and tar-file reading code used in pg_basebackup and pg_verifybackup mishandled tar-file padding data, could corrupt LZ4-compressed data in edge cases, failed to check for some unusual error conditions, failed to exit after compression/decompression errors (leading to cascading error reports), and leaked memory.
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Changes
In pg_upgrade, take care to use the correct protocol version when connecting to older source servers (Jacob Champion) §
This could be problematic when attempting to upgrade from a pre-2018 server.
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Changes
In contrib/basic_archive, allow the archive directory to be missing at startup (Nathan Bossart) §
Previously, the setting of basic_archive.archive_directory was rejected if it didn't point to an existing directory. This is undesirable because archiving will be stuck indefinitely, even if the directory appears later.
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Changes
Fix contrib/ltree to cope when case-folding changes a string's byte length (Jeff Davis) §
Previously, lquery patterns specifying case-insensitive matching might fail to match labels they should match.
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Changes
In contrib/pg_stat_statements, don't leak memory if an error occurs while parsing the pgss_query_texts.stat file (Heikki Linnakangas) §
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Changes
In contrib/postgres_fdw, avoid crash due to premature cleanup of a failed connection (Etsuro Fujita) §
If a remote connection fails abort cleanup, we can't use it any longer. But delay closing the connection object until end of transaction, because there might still be references to it within data structures such as open cursors.
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Changes
Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2026b (Tom Lane) §
British Columbia (America/Vancouver) will be on year-round UTC-07 (effectively, permanent DST) beginning in November 2026. This release assumes that their TZ abbreviation will be MST from that time forward. That seems likely to change, but it's unclear what new abbreviation will be used. Also a historical correction for Moldova: they have followed EU DST transition times since 2022.
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A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.14, see Section E.6.
Changes
Fix failure after replaying a multixid truncation record from WAL that was generated by an older minor version (Heikki Linnakangas) §
Erroneous logic for coping with the way that previous versions handled multixid wraparound led to replay failure, with messages like “could not access status of transaction”. A typical scenario in which this could occur is a standby server of the latest minor version consuming WAL from a primary server of an older version.
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Changes
Avoid incorrect complaint of invalid encoding when substring() is applied to “toasted” data (Noah Misch) § § §
The fix for CVE-2026-2006 was too aggressive and could raise an error about an incomplete character in cases that are actually valid.
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Changes
Fix pg_stat_get_backend_wait_event() and pg_stat_get_backend_wait_event_type() to report values for auxiliary processes (Heikki Linnakangas) §
Previously these functions returned NULL for auxiliary processes, but that's inconsistent with the pg_stat_activity view.
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Changes
Fix casting a composite-type variable to a domain type when returning its value from a PL/pgSQL function (Tom Lane) §
If the variable's value is NULL, a “cache lookup failed for type 0” error resulted.
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Changes
Fix potential null pointer dereference in contrib/hstore's binary input function (Michael Paquier) §
hstore's receive function crashed on input containing duplicate keys. hstore values generated by Postgres would never contain duplicate keys, so this mistake has gone unnoticed. The crash could be provoked by malicious or corrupted data.
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A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.14, see Section E.6.
Changes
Guard against unexpected dimensions of oidvector/int2vector (Tom Lane) §
These data types are expected to be 1-dimensional arrays containing no nulls, but there are cast pathways that permit violating those expectations. Add checks to some functions that were depending on those expectations without verifying them, and could misbehave in consequence.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Altan Birler for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-2003)
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Changes
Harden selectivity estimators against being attached to operators that accept unexpected data types (Tom Lane) § § §
contrib/intarray contained a selectivity estimation function that could be abused for arbitrary code execution, because it did not check that its input was of the expected data type. Third-party extensions should check for similar hazards and add defenses using the technique intarray now uses. Since such extension fixes will take time, we now require superuser privilege to attach a non-built-in selectivity estimator to an operator.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Daniel Firer, as part of zeroday.cloud, for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-2004)
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Changes
Fix buffer overrun in contrib/pgcrypto's PGP decryption functions (Michael Paquier) §
Decrypting a crafted message with an overlength session key caused a buffer overrun, with consequences as bad as arbitrary code execution.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Team Xint Code, as part of zeroday.cloud, for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-2005)
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Changes
Fix inadequate validation of multibyte character lengths (Thomas Munro, Noah Misch) § § § § § §
Assorted bugs allowed an attacker able to issue crafted SQL to overrun string buffers, with consequences as bad as arbitrary code execution. After these fixes, applications may observe “invalid byte sequence for encoding” errors when string functions process invalid text that has been stored in the database.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Paul Gerste and Moritz Sanft, as part of zeroday.cloud, for reporting this problem. (CVE-2026-2006)
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Changes
Don't allow CTE references in sub-selects to determine semantic levels of aggregate functions (Tom Lane) §
This change undoes a change made two minor releases ago, instead throwing an error if a sub-select references a CTE that's below the semantic level that standard SQL rules would assign to the aggregate based on contained column references and aggregates. The attempted fix turned out to cause problems of its own, and it's unclear what to do instead. Since sub-selects within aggregates are disallowed altogether by the SQL standard, treating such cases as errors seems sufficient.
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Changes
Fix trigger transition table capture for MERGE in CTE queries (Dean Rasheed) §
When executing a data-modifying CTE query containing both a MERGE and another DML operation on a table with statement-level AFTER triggers, the transition tables passed to the triggers would not include the rows affected by the MERGE, only those affected by the other operation(s).
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Changes
Fix failure when all children of a partitioned target table of an update or delete have been pruned (Amit Langote) §
In such cases, the executor could report “could not find junk ctid column” errors, even though nothing needs to be done.
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Changes
Allow indexscans on partial hash indexes even when the index's predicate implies the truth of the WHERE clause (Tom Lane) §
Normally we drop a WHERE clause that is implied by the predicate, since it's pointless to test it; it must hold for every index entry. However that can prevent creation of an indexscan plan if the index is one that requires a WHERE clause on the leading index key, as hash indexes do. Don't drop implied clauses when considering such an index.
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Changes
Do not emit WAL for unlogged BRIN indexes (Kirill Reshke) §
One seldom-taken code path incorrectly emitted a WAL record relating to a BRIN index even if the index was marked unlogged. Crash recovery would then fail to replay that record, complaining that the file already exists.
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Changes
Prevent truncation of CLOG that is still needed by unread NOTIFY messages (Joel Jacobson, Heikki Linnakangas) § § §
This fix prevents “could not access status of transaction” errors when a backend is slow to absorb NOTIFY messages.
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Changes
Escalate errors occurring during NOTIFY message processing to FATAL, i.e. close the connection (Heikki Linnakangas) §
Formerly, if a backend got an error while absorbing a NOTIFY message, it would advance past that message, report the error to the client, and move on. That behavior was fraught with problems though. One big concern is that the client has no good way to know that a notification was lost, and certainly no way to know what was in it. Depending on the application logic, missing a notification could cause the application to get stuck waiting, for example. Also, any remaining messages would not get processed until someone sent a new NOTIFY.
Also, if the connection is idle at the time of receiving a NOTIFY signal, any ERROR would be escalated to FATAL anyway, due to unrelated concerns. Therefore, we've chosen to make that happen in all cases, for consistency and to provide a clear signal to the application that it might have missed some notifications.
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Changes
Fix bug in following update chain when locking a tuple (Jasper Smit) §
This code path neglected to check the xmin of the first new tuple in the update chain, making it possible to lock an unrelated tuple if the original updater aborted and the space was immediately reclaimed by VACUUM and then re-used. That could cause unexpected transaction delays or deadlocks. Errors associated with having identified the wrong tuple have also been observed.
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Changes
Fix issues around in-place catalog updates (Noah Misch) § § §
Send a nontransactional invalidation message for an in-place update, since such an update will survive transaction rollback. Also ensure that the update is WAL-logged before other sessions can see it. These fixes primarily prevent scenarios in which relations' frozen-XID attributes become inconsistent, possibly allowing premature CLOG truncation and subsequent “could not access status of transaction” errors.
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Changes
Fix potential backend process crash at process exit due to trying to release a lock in an already-unmapped shared memory segment (Rahila Syed) §
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Changes
Guard against incorrect truncation of the multixact log after a crash (Heikki Linnakangas) §
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Changes
Fix possibly mis-encoded result of pg_stat_get_backend_activity() (Chao Li) §
The shared-memory buffer holding a session's activity string can end with an incomplete multibyte character. Readers are supposed to truncate off any such incomplete character, but this function failed to do so.
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Changes
Guard against recursive memory context logging (Fujii Masao) §
A constant flow of signals requesting memory context logging could cause recursive execution of the logging code, which in theory could lead to stack overflow.
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Changes
Fix memory context usage when reinitializing a parallel execution context (Jakub Wartak, Jeevan Chalke) §
This error could result in a crash due to a subsidiary data structure having a shorter lifespan than the parallel context. The problem is not known to be reachable using only core PostgreSQL, but we have reports of trouble in extensions.
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Changes
Set next multixid's offset when creating a new multixid, to remove the wait loop that was needed in corner cases (Andrey Borodin) § §
The previous logic could get stuck waiting for an update that would never occur.
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Changes
Avoid rewriting data-modifying CTEs more than once (Bernice Southey, Dean Rasheed) §
Formerly, when updating an auto-updatable view or a relation with rules, if the original query had any data-modifying CTEs, the rewriter would rewrite those CTEs multiple times due to recursion. This was inefficient and could produce false errors if a CTE included an update of an always-generated column.
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Changes
Fail recovery if WAL does not exist back to the redo point indicated by the checkpoint record (Nitin Jadhav) §
Add an explicit check for this before starting recovery, so that no harm is done and a useful error message is provided. Previously, recovery might crash or corrupt the database in this situation.
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Changes
Avoid scribbling on the source query tree during ALTER PUBLICATION (Sunil S) §
This error had the visible effect that an event trigger fired for the query would see only the first publish option, even if several had been specified. If such a query were set up as a prepared statement, re-executions would misbehave too.
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Changes
Pass connection options specified in CREATE SUBSCRIPTION ... CONNECTION to the publisher's walsender (Fujii Masao) §
Before this fix, the options connection option (if any) was ignored, thus for example preventing setting custom server parameter values in the walsender session. It was intended for that to work, and it did work before refactoring in PostgreSQL version 15 broke it, so restore the previous behavior.
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Changes
Prevent invalidation of newly created or newly synced replication slots (Zhijie Hou) §
A race condition with a concurrent checkpoint could allow WAL to be removed that is needed by the replication slot, causing the slot to immediately get marked invalid.
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Changes
Fix race condition in computing a replication slot's required xmin (Zhijie Hou) §
This could lead to the error “cannot build an initial slot snapshot as oldest safe xid follows snapshot's xmin”.
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Changes
During initial synchronization of a logical replication subscription, commit the addition of a pg_replication_origin entry before starting to copy data (Zhijie Hou) §
Previously, if the copy step failed, the new pg_replication_origin entry would be lost due to transaction rollback. This led to inconsistent state in shared memory.
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Changes
Fix possible failure with “unexpected data beyond EOF” during restart of a streaming replica server (Anthonin Bonnefoy) §
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Changes
Fix erroneous tracking of column position when parsing partition range bounds (myzhen) §
This could, for example, lead to the wrong column name being cited in error messages about casting partition bound values to the column's data type.
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Changes
Fix assorted minor errors in error messages (Man Zeng, Tianchen Zhang) § § §
For example, an error report about mismatched timeline number in a backup manifest showed the starting timeline number where it meant to show the ending timeline number.
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Changes
Fix failure to perform function inlining when doing JIT compilation with LLVM version 17 or later (Anthonin Bonnefoy) §
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Changes
Adjust our JIT code to work with LLVM 21 (Holger Hoffstätte) §
The previous coding failed to compile on aarch64 machines.
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Changes
Support process title changes on GNU/Hurd (Michael Banck) §
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Changes
Make pg_resetwal print the updated value when changing OldestXID (Heikki Linnakangas) §
It already did that for every other variable it can change.
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Changes
Make pg_resetwal allow setting next multixact xid to 0 or next multixact offset to UINT32_MAX (Maxim Orlov) §
These are valid values, so rejecting them was incorrect. In the worst case, if a pg_upgrade is attempted when exactly at the point of multixact wraparound, the upgrade would fail.
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Changes
In contrib/amcheck, use the correct snapshot for btree index parent checks (Mihail Nikalayeu) §
The previous coding caused spurious errors when examining indexes created with CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY.
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Changes
Fix contrib/amcheck to handle “half-dead” btree index pages correctly (Heikki Linnakangas) §
amcheck expected such a page to have a parent downlink, but it does not, leading to a false error report about “mismatch between parent key and child high key”.
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Changes
Fix contrib/amcheck to handle incomplete btree root page splits correctly (Heikki Linnakangas) §
amcheck could report a false error about “block is not true root”.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix edge-case integer overflow in contrib/intarray's selectivity estimator for @@ (Chao Li) §
This could cause poor selectivity estimates to be produced for cases involving the maximum integer value.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix multibyte-encoding issue in contrib/ltree (Jeff Davis) §
The previous coding could pass an incomplete multibyte character to lower(), probably resulting in incorrect behavior.
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Changes
Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2025c (Tom Lane) §
The only change is in historical data for pre-1976 timestamps in Baja California.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.14, see Section E.6.
Changes
Check for CREATE privileges on the schema in CREATE STATISTICS (Jelte Fennema-Nio) §
This omission allowed table owners to create statistics in any schema, potentially leading to unexpected naming conflicts.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Jelte Fennema-Nio for reporting this problem. (CVE-2025-12817)
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Changes
Avoid integer overflow in allocation-size calculations within libpq (Jacob Champion) §
Several places in libpq were not sufficiently careful about computing the required size of a memory allocation. Sufficiently large inputs could cause integer overflow, resulting in an undersized buffer, which would then lead to writing past the end of the buffer.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Aleksey Solovev of Positive Technologies for reporting this problem. (CVE-2025-12818)
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Changes
Further fix processing of character classes within SIMILAR TO regular expressions (Laurenz Albe) §
The previous fix for translating SIMILAR TO pattern matching expressions to POSIX-style regular expressions broke a corner case that formerly worked: if there is an escape character right after the opening bracket and then a closing bracket right after the escape sequence (for example [\w]), the closing bracket was no longer seen as terminating the character class.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix parsing of aggregate functions whose arguments contain a sub-select with a FROM reference to a CTE outside the aggregate function (Tom Lane) §
Such a CTE reference must act like a outer-level column reference when determining the aggregate's semantic level; but it was not being accounted for, leading to obscure planner or executor errors.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix “no relation entry for relid” errors in corner cases while estimating SubPlan costs (Richard Guo) §
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Changes
Avoid unlikely use-after-free in planner's expansion of partitioned tables (Bernd Reiß) §
There was a hazard only when the last live partition was concurrently dropped.
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Changes
Remove faulty assertion in btree index cleanup (Peter Geoghegan) §
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Changes
Fix possible infinite loop in GIN index scans with multiple scan conditions (Tom Lane) §
GIN can handle scan conditions that can reject non-matching entries but are not useful for searching for relevant entries, for example a tsquery clause like !term. But such a condition must not be first in the array of scan conditions. The code failed to ensure that in all cases, with the result that a query having a mix of such conditions with normal conditions might work or not depending on the order in which the conditions were given in the query.
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Changes
Ensure that GIN index scans can be canceled (Tom Lane) §
Some code paths were capable of running for a long time without checking for interrupts.
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Changes
Ensure that BRIN autosummarization provides a snapshot for index expressions that need one (Álvaro Herrera) § §
Previously, autosummarization would fail for such indexes, and then leave placeholder index tuples behind, causing the index to bloat over time.
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Changes
Fix integer-overflow hazard in BRIN index scans when the table contains close to 232 pages (Sunil S) §
This oversight could result in an infinite loop or scanning of unneeded table pages.
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Changes
Fix incorrect zero-extension of stored values in JIT-generated tuple deforming code (David Rowley) §
When not using JIT, the equivalent code does sign-extension not zero-extension, leading to a different Datum representation of small integer data types. This inconsistency was masked in most cases, but it is known to lead to “could not find memoization table entry” errors when using Memoize plan nodes, and there might be other symptoms.
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Changes
Fix incorrect logic for caching result-relation information for triggers (David Rowley, Amit Langote) §
In cases where partitions' column sets aren't physically identical to their parent partitioned tables' column sets, this oversight could lead to crashes.
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Changes
Add missing EvalPlanQual rechecks for TID Scan and TID Range Scan plan nodes (Sophie Alpert, David Rowley) § §
This omission led to possibly not rechecking a condition on ctid during concurrent-update situations, causing the update's behavior to vary depending on which plan type had been selected.
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Changes
Fix EvalPlanQual handling of foreign or custom joins that do not have an alternative local-join plan prepared for EPQ (Masahiko Sawada, Etsuro Fujita) §
In such cases the foreign or custom access method should be invoked normally, but that did not happen, typically leading to a crash.
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Changes
Avoid duplicating hash partition constraints during DETACH CONCURRENTLY (Haiyang Li) §
ALTER TABLE DETACH PARTITION CONCURRENTLY was written to add a copy of the partitioning constraint to the now-detached partition. This was misguided, partially because non-concurrent DETACH doesn't do that, but mostly because in the case of hash partitioning the constraint expression contains references to the parent table's OID. That causes problems during dump/restore, or if the parent table is dropped after DETACH. In v19 and later, we'll no longer create any such copied constraints at all. In released branches, to minimize the risk of unforeseen consequences, only skip adding a copied constraint if it is for hash partitioning.
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Changes
Disallow generated columns in partition keys (Jian He, Ashutosh Bapat) §
This was already not allowed, but the check missed some cases, such as where the column reference is implicit in a whole-row reference.
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Changes
Disallow generated columns in COPY ... FROM ... WHERE clauses (Peter Eisentraut, Jian He) §
Previously, incorrect behavior or an obscure error message resulted from attempting to reference such a column, since generated columns have not yet been computed at the point where WHERE filtering is done.
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Changes
Fix visibility checking for statistics objects in pg_temp (Noah Misch) §
A statistics object located in a temporary schema cannot be named without schema qualification, but pg_statistics_obj_is_visible() missed that memo and could return “true” regardless. In turn, functions such as pg_describe_object() could fail to schema-qualify the object's name as expected.
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Changes
Fix pg_event_trigger_dropped_objects()'s reporting of temporary status (Antoine Violin, Tom Lane) § §
If a dropped column default, trigger, or RLS policy belongs to a temporary table, report it with is_temporary true.
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Changes
Fix memory leakage in hashed subplans (Haiyang Li) §
Any memory consumed by the hash functions used for hashing tuples constituted a query-lifespan memory leak. One way that could happen is if the values being hashed require de-toasting.
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Changes
Fix minor memory leak during WAL replay of database creation (Nathan Bossart) §
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Changes
Fix corruption of the shared statistics table after out-of-memory failures (Mikhail Kot) §
Previously, an out-of-memory failure partway through creating a new hash table entry left a broken entry behind, potentially causing errors in other sessions later.
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Changes
Fix concurrent update issue in MERGE (Yugo Nagata) §
When executing a MERGE UPDATE action, if there is more than one concurrent update of the target row, the lock-and-retry code would sometimes incorrectly identify the latest version of the target tuple, leading to incorrect results.
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Changes
Add missing replica identity checks in MERGE and INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE (Zhijie Hou) § § §
If MERGE may require update or delete actions, and the target table publishes updates or deletes, insist that it have a REPLICA IDENTITY defined. Failing to require this can silently break replication. Likewise, INSERT with an UPDATE option must require REPLICA IDENTITY if the target table publishes either inserts or updates.
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Changes
Avoid deadlock during DROP SUBSCRIPTION when publisher is on the same server as subscriber (Dilip Kumar) §
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Changes
Fix incorrect reporting of replication lag in pg_stat_replication view (Fujii Masao) §
If any standby server's replay LSN stopped advancing, the write_lag and flush_lag columns would eventually stop updating.
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Changes
Avoid duplicative log messages about invalid primary_slot_name settings (Fujii Masao) §
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Changes
Remove the unfinished slot state file after failing to write a replication slot's state to disk (Michael Paquier) §
Previously, a failure such as out-of-disk-space resulted in leaving a temporary state.tmp file behind. That's problematic because it would block all subsequent attempts to write the state, requiring manual intervention to clean up.
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Changes
Avoid unwanted WAL receiver shutdown when switching from streaming to archive WAL source (Xuneng Zhou) §
During a timeline change, a standby server's WAL receiver should remain alive, waiting for a new WAL streaming start point. Instead it was repeatedly shutting down and immediately getting restarted, which could confuse status monitoring code.
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Changes
Avoid failures in logical replication due to chance collisions of file numbers between regular and temporary tables (Vignesh C) §
This low-probability problem manifested as transient errors like “unexpected duplicate for tablespace X, relfilenode Y”. contrib/autoprewarm was also affected. A side-effect of the fix is that the SQL function pg_filenode_relation() will now ignore temporary tables.
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Changes
Fix use-after-free issue in the relation synchronization cache maintained by the pgoutput logical decoding plugin (Vignesh C, Masahiko Sawada) §
An error during logical decoding could result in crashes in subsequent logical decoding attempts in the same session. The case is only reachable when pgoutput is invoked via SQL functions.
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Changes
Avoid assertion failure when trying to release a replication slot in single-user mode (Hayato Kuroda) §
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Changes
Fix incorrect printing of messages about failures in checking whether the user has Windows administrator privilege (Bryan Green) §
This code would have crashed or at least printed garbage. No such cases have been reported though, indicating that failure of these system calls is extremely rare.
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Changes
Avoid startup failure on macOS and BSD platforms when there is a collision with a pre-existing semaphore set (Tom Lane) §
If the pre-existing set has fewer semaphores than we asked for, these platforms return EINVAL not EEXIST as our code expected, resulting in failure to start the database.
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Changes
Fix false memory-context-checking warnings in debug builds on 64-bit Windows (David Rowley) §
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Changes
Correctly handle GROUP BY DISTINCT in PL/pgSQL assignment statements (Tom Lane) §
The parser failed to record the DISTINCT option in this context, so that the command would act as if it were plain GROUP BY.
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Changes
Avoid leaking memory when handling a SQL error within PL/Python (Tom Lane) §
This fixes a session-lifespan memory leak introduced in our previous minor releases.
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Changes
Fix libpq's trace output of characters with the high bit set (Ran Benita) §
On platforms where char is considered signed, the output included unsightly \xffffff decoration.
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Changes
Fix libpq's handling of socket-related errors on Windows within its GSSAPI logic (Ning Wu, Tom Lane) §
The code for encrypting/decrypting transmitted data using GSSAPI did not correctly recognize error conditions on the connection socket, since Windows reports those differently than other platforms. This led to failure to make such connections on Windows.
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Changes
In pg_dump, dump security labels on subscriptions and event triggers (Jian He, Fujii Masao) §
Labels on these types of objects were previously missed.
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Changes
Fix pg_dump's sorting of default ACLs and foreign key constraints (Kirill Reshke, Álvaro Herrera) § § §
Ensure consistent ordering of these database object types, as was already done for other object types.
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Changes
In pg_dump, label comments for separately-dumped domain constraints with the proper dependency (Noah Misch) §
This error could lead to parallel pg_restore attempting to create the comment before the constraint itself has been restored.
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Changes
In pg_restore, skip comments and security labels for publications and subscriptions that are not being restored (Jian He, Fujii Masao) § §
Do not emit COMMENT or SECURITY LABEL commands for these objects when --no-publications or --no-subscriptions is specified.
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Changes
Fix assorted errors in the data compression logic in pg_dump and pg_restore (Daniel Gustafsson, Tom Lane) §
Error checking was missing or incorrect in several places, and there were also portability issues that would manifest on big-endian hardware. These problems had been missed because this code is only used to read compressed TOC files within directory-format dumps. pg_dump never produces such a dump; the case can be reached only by manually compressing the TOC file after the fact, which is a supported thing to do but very uncommon.
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Changes
Fix pgbench to error out cleanly if a COPY operation is started (Anthonin Bonnefoy) §
pgbench doesn't intend to support this case, but previously it went into an infinite loop.
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Changes
Fix pgbench's reporting of multiple errors (Yugo Nagata) §
In cases where two successive PQgetResult calls both fail, pgbench might report the wrong error message.
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Changes
In pgbench, fix faulty assertion about errors in pipeline mode (Yugo Nagata) §
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Changes
Ensure that contrib/pg_buffercache functions can be canceled (Satyanarayana Narlapuram, Yuhang Qiu) §
Some code paths were capable of running for a long time without checking for interrupts.
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Changes
Fix contrib/pg_prewarm's privilege checks for indexes (Ayush Vatsa, Nathan Bossart) §
pg_prewarm() requires SELECT privilege on relations to be prewarmed. However, since indexes have no SQL privileges of their own, this resulted in non-superusers being unable to prewarm indexes. Instead, check for SELECT privilege on the index's table.
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Changes
Make contrib/pgstattuple more robust about empty or invalid index pages (Nitin Motiani) §
Count all-zero pages as free space, and ignore pages that are invalid according to a check of the page's special-space size. The code for btree indexes already counted all-zero pages as free, but the hash and gist code would error out, which has been found to be much less user-friendly. Similarly, make all three cases agree on ignoring corrupted pages rather than throwing errors.
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Changes
Harden our read and write barrier macros to satisfy Clang (Thomas Munro) §
We supposed that __atomic_thread_fence() is a sufficient barrier to prevent the C compiler from re-ordering memory accesses around it, but it appears that that's not true for Clang, allowing it to generate incorrect code for at least RISC-V, MIPS, and LoongArch machines. Add explicit compiler barriers to fix that.
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Changes
Fix building with LLVM version 21 and later (Holger Hoffstätte) §
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Changes
Fix PGXS build infrastructure to support building NLS po files for extensions (Ryo Matsumura) §
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A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, if you have any BRIN numeric_minmax_multi_ops indexes, it is advisable to reindex them after updating. See the fourth changelog entry below.
Also, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.13, see Section E.7.
Changes
Tighten security checks in planner estimation functions (Dean Rasheed) §
The fix for CVE-2017-7484, plus followup fixes, intended to prevent leaky functions from being applied to statistics data for columns that the calling user does not have permission to read. Two gaps in that protection have been found. One gap applies to partitioning and inheritance hierarchies where RLS policies on the tables should restrict access to statistics data, but did not.
The other gap applies to cases where the query accesses a table via a view, and the view owner has permissions to read the underlying table but the calling user does not have permissions on the view. The view owner's permissions satisfied the security checks, and the leaky function would get applied to the underlying table's statistics before we check the calling user's permissions on the view. This has been fixed by making security checks on views occur at the start of planning. That might cause permissions failures to occur earlier than before.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Dean Rasheed for reporting this problem. (CVE-2025-8713)
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Changes
Prevent pg_dump scripts from being used to attack the user running the restore (Nathan Bossart) §
Since dump/restore operations typically involve running SQL commands as superuser, the target database installation must trust the source server. However, it does not follow that the operating system user who executes psql to perform the restore should have to trust the source server. The risk here is that an attacker who has gained superuser-level control over the source server might be able to cause it to emit text that would be interpreted as psql meta-commands. That would provide shell-level access to the restoring user's own account, independently of access to the target database.
To provide a positive guarantee that this can't happen, extend psql with a \restrict command that prevents execution of further meta-commands, and teach pg_dump to issue that before any data coming from the source server.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Martin Rakhmanov, Matthieu Denais, and RyotaK for reporting this problem. (CVE-2025-8714)
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Changes
Convert newlines to spaces in names included in comments in pg_dump output (Noah Misch) §
Object names containing newlines offered the ability to inject arbitrary SQL commands into the output script. (Without the preceding fix, injection of psql meta-commands would also be possible this way.) CVE-2012-0868 fixed this class of problem at the time, but later work reintroduced several cases.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Noah Misch for reporting this problem. (CVE-2025-8715)
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Changes
Fix incorrect distance calculation in BRIN numeric_minmax_multi_ops support function (Peter Eisentraut, Tom Lane) §
The results were sometimes wrong on 64-bit platforms, and wildly wrong on 32-bit platforms. This did not produce obvious failures because the logic is only used to choose how to merge values into ranges; at worst the index would become inefficient and bloated. Nonetheless it's recommended to reindex any BRIN indexes that use the numeric_minmax_multi_ops operator class.
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Changes
Avoid regression in the size of XML input that we will accept (Michael Paquier, Erik Wienhold) § §
Our workaround for a bug in early 2.13.x releases of libxml2 made use of a code path that rejects text chunks exceeding 10MB, whereas the previous coding did not. Those early releases are presumably extinct in the wild by now, so revert to the previous coding.
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Changes
Fix MERGE into a plain-inheritance parent table (Dean Rasheed) §
Insertions into such a target table could crash or produce incorrect query results due to failing to handle WITH CHECK OPTION and RETURNING actions.
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Changes
Allow tables with statement-level triggers to become partitions or inheritance children (Etsuro Fujita) §
We do not allow partitions or inheritance child tables to have row-level triggers with transition tables, because an operation on the whole inheritance tree would need to maintain a separate transition table for each such child table. But that problem does not apply for statement-level triggers, because only the parent's statement-level triggers will be fired. The code that checks whether an existing table can become a partition or inheritance child nonetheless rejected both kinds of trigger.
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Changes
Disallow collecting transition tuples from child foreign tables (Etsuro Fujita) §
We do not support triggers with transition tables on foreign tables. However, the case of a partition or inheritance child that is a foreign table was overlooked. If the parent has such a trigger, incorrect transition tuples were collected from the foreign child. Instead throw an error, reporting that the case is not supported.
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Changes
Allow resetting unknown custom parameters with reserved prefixes (Nathan Bossart) §
Previously, if a parameter setting had been stored using ALTER DATABASE/ROLE/SYSTEM, the stored setting could not be removed if the parameter was unknown but had a reserved prefix. This case could arise if an extension used to have a parameter, but that parameter had been removed in an upgrade.
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Changes
Fix a potential deadlock during ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ... DROP PUBLICATION (Ajin Cherian) §
Ensure that server processes acquire catalog locks in a consistent order during replication origin drops.
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Changes
Shorten the race condition window for creating indexes with conflicting names (Tom Lane) §
When choosing an auto-generated name for an index, avoid conflicting with not-yet-committed pg_class rows as well as fully-valid ones. This avoids possibly choosing the same name as some concurrent CREATE INDEX did, when that command is still in process of filling its index, or is done but is part of a not-yet-committed transaction. There's still a window for trouble, but it's only as long as the time needed to validate a new index's parameters and insert its pg_class row.
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Changes
Prevent usage of incorrect VACUUM options in some cases where multiple tables are vacuumed in a single command (Nathan Bossart, Michael Paquier) §
The TRUNCATE and INDEX_CLEANUP options of one table could be applied to others.
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Changes
Fix processing of character classes within SIMILAR TO regular expressions (Laurenz Albe) § §
The code that translates SIMILAR TO pattern matching expressions to POSIX-style regular expressions did not consider that square brackets can be nested. For example, in a pattern like [[:alpha:]%_], the code treated the % and _ characters as metacharacters when they should be literals.
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Changes
When deparsing queries, always add parentheses around the expression in FETCH FIRST clauses (Heikki Linnakangas) §expression ROWS WITH TIES
This avoids some cases where the deparsed result wasn't syntactically valid.
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Changes
Limit the checkpointer process's fsync request queue size (Alexander Korotkov, Xuneng Zhou) § §
With very large shared_buffers settings, it was possible for the checkpointer to attempt to allocate more than 1GB for fsync requests, leading to failure and an infinite loop. Clamp the queue size to prevent this scenario.
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Changes
Avoid infinite wait in logical decoding when reading a partially-written WAL record (Vignesh C) §
If the server crashes after writing the first part of a WAL record that would span multiple pages, subsequent logical decoding of the WAL stream would wait for data to arrive on the next WAL page. That might never happen if the server is now idle.
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Changes
Fix inconsistent quoting of role names in ACL strings (Tom Lane) §
The previous quoting rule was locale-sensitive, which could lead to portability problems when transferring aclitem values across installations. (pg_dump does not do that, but other tools might.) To ensure consistency, always quote non-ASCII characters in aclitem output; but to preserve backward compatibility, never require that they be quoted during aclitem input.
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Changes
Reject equal signs (=) in the names of relation options and foreign-data options (Tom Lane) §
There's no evident use-case for option names like this, and allowing them creates ambiguity in the stored representation.
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Changes
Fix potentially-incorrect decompression of LZ4-compressed archive data (Mikhail Gribkov) §
This error seems to manifest only with not-very-compressible input data, which may explain why it escaped detection.
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Changes
Avoid a rare scenario where a btree index scan could mark the wrong index entries as dead (Peter Geoghegan) §
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Changes
Avoid re-distributing cache invalidation messages from other transactions during logical replication (vignesh C) §
Our previous round of minor releases included a bug fix to ensure that replication receiver processes would respond to cross-process cache invalidation messages, preventing them from using stale catalog data while performing replication updates. However, the fix unintentionally made them also redistribute those messages again, leading to an exponential increase in the number of invalidation messages, which would often end in a memory allocation failure. Fix by not redistributing received messages.
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Changes
Avoid premature removal of old WAL during checkpoints (Vitaly Davydov) §
If a replication slot's restart point is advanced while a checkpoint is in progress, no-longer-needed WAL segments could get removed too soon, leading to recovery failure if the database crashes immediately afterwards. Fix by keeping them for one additional checkpoint cycle.
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Changes
Never move a replication slot's confirmed-flush position backwards (Shveta Malik) §
In some cases a replication client could acknowledge an LSN that's past what it has stored persistently, and then perhaps send an older LSN after a restart. We consider this not-a-bug so long as the client did not have anything it needed to do for the WAL between the two points. However, we should not re-send that WAL for fear of data duplication, so make sure we always believe the latest confirmed LSN for a given slot.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Allow waiting for a transaction on a standby server to be interrupted (Kevin K Biju) §
Creation of a replication slot on a standby server may require waiting for some active transaction(s) to finish on the primary and then be replayed on the standby. Since that could be an indefinite wait, it's desirable to allow the operation to be cancelled, but there was no check for query cancel in the loop.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix per-relation memory leakage in autovacuum (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix some places that might try to fetch toasted fields of system catalogs without any snapshot (Nathan Bossart) §
This could result in an assertion failure or “cannot fetch toast data without an active snapshot” error.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Remove faulty assertion that a command tag must have been determined by the end of PortalRunMulti() (Álvaro Herrera) §
This failed in edge cases such as an empty prepared statement.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix assertion failure in XMLTABLE parsing (Richard Guo) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Restore the ability to run PL/pgSQL expressions in parallel (Dipesh Dhameliya) §
PL/pgSQL's notion of an “expression” is very broad, encompassing any SQL SELECT query that returns a single column and no more than one row. So there are cases, for example evaluation of an aggregate function, where the query involves significant work and it'd be useful to run it with parallel workers. This used to be possible, but a previous bug fix unintentionally disabled it.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix edge-case resource leaks in PL/Python error reporting (Tom Lane) § §
An out-of-memory failure while reporting an error from Python could result in failure to drop reference counts on Python objects, leading to session-lifespan memory leakage.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix libpq's PQport() function to never return NULL unless the passed connection is NULL (Daniele Varrazzo) §
This is the documented behavior, but recent libpq versions would return NULL in some cases where the user had not provided a port specification. Revert to our historical behavior of returning an empty string in such cases. (v18 and later will return the compiled-in default port number, typically "5432", instead.)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid failure when GSSAPI authentication requires packets larger than 16kB (Jacob Champion, Tom Lane) §
Larger authentication packets are needed for Active Directory users who belong to many AD groups. This limitation manifested in connection failures with unintelligible error messages, typically “GSSAPI context establishment error: The routine must be called again to complete its function: Unknown error”.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix timing-dependent failures in SSL and GSSAPI data transmission (Tom Lane) §
When using SSL or GSSAPI encryption in non-blocking mode, libpq sometimes failed with “SSL error: bad length” or “GSSAPI caller failed to retransmit all data needing to be retried”.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid null-pointer dereference during connection lookup in ecpg applications (Aleksander Alekseev) §
The case could occur only if the application has some connections that are named and some that are not.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Improve psql's tab completion for COPY and \copy options (Atsushi Torikoshi) §
The same completions were offered for both COPY FROM and COPY TO, although some options are only valid for one case or the other. Distinguish these cases to provide more accurate suggestions.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid assertion failure in pgbench when multiple pipeline sync messages are received (Fujii Masao) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure that pg_dump dumps comments on domain constraints in a valid order (Jian He) §
In some cases the comment command could appear before creation of the constraint.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure stable sort ordering in pg_dump for all types of database objects (Noah Misch, Andreas Karlsson) § § §
pg_dump sorts objects by their logical names before performing dependency-driven reordering. This sort did not account for the full unique key identifying certain object types such as rules and constraints, and thus it could produce dissimilar sort orders for logically-identical databases. That made it difficult to compare databases by diff'ing pg_dump output, so improve the logic to ensure stable sort ordering in all cases.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In pg_upgrade, check for inconsistent inherited not-null constraints (Ali Akbar) § § § § § §
PostgreSQL versions before 18 allow an inherited column not-null constraint to be dropped. However, this results in a schema that cannot be restored, leading to failure in pg_upgrade. Detect such cases during pg_upgrade's preflight checks to allow users to fix them before initiating the upgrade.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid assertion failure if track_commit_timestamp is enabled during initdb (Hayato Kuroda, Andy Fan) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix pg_waldump to show information about dropped statistics in PREPARE TRANSACTION WAL records (Daniil Davydov) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid possible leak of the open connection during contrib/dblink connection establishment (Tom Lane) §
In the rare scenario where we hit out-of-memory while inserting the new connection object into dblink's hashtable, the open connection would be leaked until end of session, leaving an idle session sitting on the remote server.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Make contrib/pg_prewarm cope with very large shared_buffers settings (Daria Shanina) §
Autoprewarm failed with a memory allocation error if shared_buffers was larger than about 50 million buffers (400GB).
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In contrib/pg_stat_statements, avoid leaving gaps in the set of parameter numbers used in a normalized query (Sami Imseih) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix memory leakage in contrib/postgres_fdw's DirectModify methods (Tom Lane) §
The PGresult holding the results of the remote modify command would be leaked for the rest of the session if the query fails between invocations of the DirectModify methods, which could happen when there's RETURNING data to process.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure that directories listed in configure's --with-includes and --with-libraries options are searched before system-supplied directories (Tom Lane) §
A common reason for using these options is to allow a user-built version of some library to override the system-supplied version. However, that failed to work in some environments because of careless ordering of switches in the commands issued by the makefiles.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix configure's checks for __cpuid() and __cpuidex() (Lukas Fittl, Michael Paquier) §
configure failed to detect these Windows-specific functions, so that they would not be used, leading to slower-than-necessary CRC computations since the availability of hardware instructions could not be verified. The practical impact of this error was limited, because production builds for Windows typically do not use the Autoconf toolchain.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix build failure with --with-pam option on Solaris-based platforms (Tom Lane) §
Solaris is inconsistent with other Unix platforms about the API for PAM authentication. This manifested as an “inconsistent pointer” compiler warning, which we never did anything about. But as of GCC 14 it's an error not warning by default, so fix it.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Make our code portable to GNU Hurd (Michael Banck, Christoph Berg, Samuel Thibault) §
Fix assumptions about IOV_MAX and O_RDONLY that don't hold on Hurd.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Make our usage of memset_s() conform strictly to the C11 standard (Tom Lane) §
This avoids compile failures on some platforms.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent uninitialized-value compiler warnings in JSONB comparison code (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid deprecation warnings when building with libxml2 2.14 and later (Michael Paquier) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid problems when compiling pg_locale.h under C++ (John Naylor) §
PostgreSQL header files generally need to be wrapped in extern "C" { ... } in order to be included in extensions written in C++. This failed for pg_locale.h because of its use of libicu headers, but we can work around that by suppressing C++-only declarations in those headers. C++ extensions that want to use libicu's C++ APIs can do so by including the libicu headers ahead of pg_locale.h.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, if you have any self-referential foreign key constraints on partitioned tables, it may be necessary to recreate those constraints to ensure that they are being enforced correctly. See the second changelog entry below.
Also, if you have any BRIN bloom indexes, it may be advisable to reindex them after updating. See the third changelog entry below.
Also, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.9, see Section E.11.
Changes
Avoid one-byte buffer overread when examining invalidly-encoded strings that are claimed to be in GB18030 encoding (Noah Misch, Andres Freund) § §
While unlikely, a SIGSEGV crash could occur if an incomplete multibyte character appeared at the end of memory. This was possible both in the server and in libpq-using applications. (CVE-2025-4207)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Handle self-referential foreign keys on partitioned tables correctly (Álvaro Herrera) §
Creating or attaching partitions failed to make the required catalog entries for a foreign-key constraint, if the table referenced by the constraint was the same partitioned table. This resulted in failure to enforce the constraint fully.
To fix this, you should drop and recreate any self-referential foreign keys on partitioned tables, if partitions have been created or attached since the constraint was created. Bear in mind that violating rows might already be present, in which case recreating the constraint will fail, and you'll need to fix up those rows before trying again.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid data loss when merging compressed BRIN summaries in brin_bloom_union() (Tomas Vondra) §
The code failed to account for decompression results not being identical to the input objects, which would result in failure to add some of the data to the merged summary, leading to missed rows in index searches.
This mistake was present back to v14 where BRIN bloom indexes were introduced, but this code path was only rarely reached then. It's substantially more likely to be hit in v17 because parallel index builds now use the code.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix unexpected “attribute has wrong type” errors in UPDATE, DELETE, and MERGE queries that use whole-row table references to views or functions in FROM (Tom Lane) § § §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix MERGE into a partitioned table with DO NOTHING actions (Tender Wang) §
Some cases failed with “unknown action in MERGE WHEN clause” errors.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent failure in INSERT commands when the table has a GENERATED column of a domain data type and the domain's constraints disallow null values (Jian He) §
Constraint failure was reported even if the generation expression produced a perfectly okay result.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Correctly process references to outer CTE names that appear within a WITH clause attached to an INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE command that's inside WITH (Tom Lane) §
The parser failed to detect disallowed recursion cases, nor did it account for such references when sorting CTEs into a usable order.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix ARRAY( and subquery)ARRAY[ constructs to produce sane results when the input is of type expression, ...]int2vector or oidvector (Tom Lane) §
This patch restores the behavior that existed before PostgreSQL 9.5: the result is of type int2vector[] or oidvector[].
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix possible erroneous reports of invalid affixes while parsing Ispell dictionaries (Jacob Brazeal) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN to correctly handle the case of a domain type that has a default (Jian He, Tom Lane, Tender Wang) § §
If a domain type has a default, adding a column of that type (without any explicit DEFAULT clause) failed to install the domain's default value in existing rows, instead leaving the new column null.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Repair misbehavior when there are duplicate column names in a foreign key constraint's ON DELETE SET DEFAULT or SET NULL action (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Improve the error message for disallowed attempts to alter the properties of a foreign key constraint (Álvaro Herrera) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid error when resetting the relhassubclass flag of a temporary table that's marked ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS (Noah Misch) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix planner's failure to identify more than one hashable ScalarArrayOpExpr subexpression within a top-level expression (David Geier) §
This resulted in unnecessarily-inefficient execution of any additional subexpressions that could have been processed with a hash table (that is, IN, NOT IN, or = ANY clauses with all-constant right-hand sides).
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Disable “skip fetch” optimization in bitmap heap scan (Matthias van de Meent) §
It turns out that this optimization can result in returning dead tuples when a concurrent vacuum marks a page all-visible.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix performance issues in GIN index search startup when there are many search keys (Tom Lane, Vinod Sridharan) § §
An indexable clause with many keys (for example, jsonbcol ?| array[...] with tens of thousands of array elements) took O(N2) time to start up, and was uncancelable for that interval too.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Detect missing support procedures in a BRIN index operator class, and report an error instead of crashing (Álvaro Herrera) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Respond to interrupts (such as query cancel) while waiting for asynchronous subplans of an Append plan node (Heikki Linnakangas) §
Previously, nothing would happen until one of the subplans becomes ready.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix race condition in handling of synchronous_standby_names immediately after startup (Melnikov Maksim, Michael Paquier) §
For a short period after system startup, backends might fail to wait for synchronous commit even though synchronous_standby_names is enabled.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix pg_strtof() to not crash with null endptr (Alexander Lakhin, Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid crash when a Snowball stemmer encounters an out-of-memory condition (Maksim Korotkov) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent over-advancement of catalog xmin in “fast forward” mode of logical decoding (Zhijie Hou) §
This mistake could allow deleted catalog entries to be vacuumed away even though they were still potentially needed by the WAL-reading process.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid data loss when DDL operations that don't take a strong lock affect tables that are being logically replicated (Shlok Kyal, Hayato Kuroda) § §
The catalog changes caused by the DDL command were not reflected into WAL-decoding processes, allowing them to decode subsequent changes using stale catalog data, probably resulting in data corruption.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix wrong checkpoint details in error message about incorrect recovery timeline choice (David Steele) §
If the requested recovery timeline is not reachable, the reported checkpoint and timeline should be the values read from the backup_label, if there is one. This message previously reported values from the control file, which is correct when recovering from the control file without a backup_label, but not when there is a backup_label.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix assertion failure in snapshot building (Masahiko Sawada) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Remove incorrect assertion in pgstat_report_stat() (Michael Paquier) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix overly-strict assertion in gistFindCorrectParent() (Heikki Linnakangas) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix rare assertion failure in standby servers when the primary is restarted (Heikki Linnakangas) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In PL/pgSQL, avoid “unexpected plan node type” error when a scrollable cursor is defined on a simple SELECT query (Andrei Lepikhov) §expression
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Don't try to drop individual index partitions in pg_dump's --clean mode (Jian He) §
The server rejects such DROP commands. That has no real consequences, since the partitions will go away anyway in the subsequent DROPs of either their parent tables or their partitioned index. However, the error reported for the attempted drop causes problems when restoring in --single-transaction mode.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In pg_dumpall, avoid emitting invalid role GRANT commands if pg_auth_members contains invalid role OIDs (Tom Lane) §
Instead, print a warning and skip the entry. This copes better with catalog corruption that has been seen to occur in back branches as a result of race conditions between GRANT and DROP ROLE.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In pg_amcheck and pg_upgrade, use the correct function to free allocations made by libpq (Michael Paquier, Ranier Vilela) §
These oversights could result in crashes in certain Windows build configurations, such as a debug build of libpq used by a non-debug build of the calling application.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Allow contrib/dblink queries to be interrupted by query cancel (Noah Misch) § §
This change back-patches a v17-era fix. It prevents possible hangs in CREATE DATABASE and DROP DATABASE due to failure to detect deadlocks.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid crashing with corrupt input data in contrib/pageinspect's heap_page_items() (Dmitry Kovalenko) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent assertion failure in contrib/pg_freespacemap's pg_freespacemap() (Tender Wang) §
Applying pg_freespacemap() to a relation lacking storage (such as a view) caused an assertion failure, although there was no ill effect in non-assert builds. Add an error check to reject that case.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix build failure on macOS 15.4 (Tom Lane, Peter Eisentraut) §
This macOS update broke our configuration probe for strchrnul().
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2025b for DST law changes in Chile, plus historical corrections for Iran (Tom Lane) §
There is a new time zone America/Coyhaique for Chile's Aysén Region, to account for it changing to UTC-03 year-round and thus diverging from America/Santiago.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.9, see Section E.11.
Changes
Improve behavior of libpq's quoting functions (Andres Freund, Tom Lane) § § §
The changes made for CVE-2025-1094 had one serious oversight: PQescapeLiteral() and PQescapeIdentifier() failed to honor their string length parameter, instead always reading to the input string's trailing null. This resulted in including unwanted text in the output, if the caller intended to truncate the string via the length parameter. With very bad luck it could cause a crash due to reading off the end of memory.
In addition, modify all these quoting functions so that when invalid encoding is detected, an invalid sequence is substituted for just the first byte of the presumed character, not all of it. This reduces the risk of problems if a calling application performs additional processing on the quoted string.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.9, see Section E.11.
Changes
Harden PQescapeString and allied functions against invalidly-encoded input strings (Andres Freund, Noah Misch) § § § § § §
Data-quoting functions supplied by libpq now fully check the encoding validity of their input. If invalid characters are detected, they report an error if possible. For the ones that lack an error return convention, the output string is adjusted to ensure that the server will report invalid encoding and no intervening processing will be fooled by bytes that might happen to match single quote, backslash, etc.
The purpose of this change is to guard against SQL-injection attacks that are possible if one of these functions is used to quote crafted input. There is no hazard when the resulting string is sent directly to a PostgreSQL server (which would check its encoding anyway), but there is a risk when it is passed through psql or other client-side code. Historically such code has not carefully vetted encoding, and in many cases it's not clear what it should do if it did detect such a problem.
This fix is effective only if the data-quoting function, the server, and any intermediate processing agree on the character encoding that's being used. Applications that insert untrusted input into SQL commands should take special care to ensure that that's true.
Applications and drivers that quote untrusted input without using these libpq functions may be at risk of similar problems. They should first confirm the data is valid in the encoding expected by the server.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Stephen Fewer for reporting this problem. (CVE-2025-1094)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Exclude parallel workers from connection privilege checks and limits (Tom Lane) §
Do not check datallowconn, rolcanlogin, and ACL_CONNECT privileges when starting a parallel worker, instead assuming that it's enough for the leader process to have passed similar checks originally. This avoids, for example, unexpected failures of parallelized queries when the leader is running as a role that lacks login privilege. In the same vein, enforce ReservedConnections, datconnlimit, and rolconnlimit limits only against regular backends, and count only regular backends while checking if the limits were already reached. Those limits are meant to prevent excessive consumption of process slots for regular backends --- but parallel workers and other special processes have their own pools of process slots with their own limit checks.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix possible re-use of stale results in window aggregates (David Rowley) §
A window aggregate with a “run condition” optimization and a pass-by-reference result type might incorrectly return the result from the previous partition instead of performing a fresh calculation.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Keep TransactionXmin in sync with MyProc->xmin (Heikki Linnakangas) §
This oversight could permit a process to try to access data that had already been vacuumed away. One known consequence is transient “could not access status of transaction” errors.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix race condition that could cause failure to add a newly-inserted catalog entry to a catalog cache list (Heikki Linnakangas) §
This could result, for example, in failure to use a newly-created function within an existing session.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent possible catalog corruption when a system catalog is vacuumed concurrently with an update (Noah Misch) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix data corruption when relation truncation fails (Thomas Munro) § § §
The filesystem calls needed to perform relation truncation could fail, leaving inconsistent state on disk (for example, effectively reviving deleted data). We can't really prevent that, but we can recover by dint of making such failures into PANICs, so that consistency is restored by replaying from WAL up to just before the attempted truncation. This isn't a hugely desirable behavior, but such failures are rare enough that it seems an acceptable solution.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent checkpoints from starting during relation truncation (Robert Haas) §
This avoids a race condition wherein the modified file might not get fsync'd before completing the checkpoint, creating a risk of data corruption if the operating system crashes soon after.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Use rename() not link()/unlink() to rename files (Nathan Bossart) §
The previous coding was intended to assure that the operation could not accidentally overwrite an existing file. However a failure could leave two links to the same file in existence, confusing subsequent operations and creating a risk of data corruption. In practice we do not use this functionality in places where the target filename could already exist, so it seems better to give up the no-overwrite guarantee to remove the multiple-link hazard.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid possibly losing an update of pg_database.datfrozenxid when VACUUM runs concurrently with a REASSIGN OWNED that changes that database's owner (Kirill Reshke) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix incorrect tg_updatedcols values passed to AFTER UPDATE triggers (Tom Lane) §
In some cases the tg_updatedcols bitmap could describe the set of columns updated by an earlier command in the same transaction, fooling the trigger into doing the wrong thing.
Also, prevent memory bloat caused by making too many copies of the tg_updatedcols bitmap.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix detach of a partition that has its own foreign-key constraint referencing a partitioned table (Amul Sul) §
In common cases, foreign keys are defined on a partitioned table's top level; but if instead one is defined on a partition and references a partitioned table, and the referencing partition is detached, the relevant pg_constraint entries were updated incorrectly. This led to errors like “could not find ON INSERT check triggers of foreign key constraint”.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix mis-processing of to_timestamp's FF format codes (Tom Lane) §n
An integer format code immediately preceding FF would consume all available digits, leaving none for nFF.n
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
When deparsing an XMLTABLE() expression, ensure that XML namespace names are double-quoted when necessary (Dean Rasheed) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Don't merge UNION operations if their column collations aren't consistent (Tom Lane) §
Previously we ignored collations when deciding if it's safe to merge UNION steps into a single N-way UNION operation. This was arguably valid before the introduction of nondeterministic collations, but it's not anymore, since the collation in use can affect the definition of uniqueness.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix missed expression processing for partition pruning steps (Tom Lane) §
This oversight could lead to “unrecognized node type” errors, and perhaps other problems, in queries accessing partitioned tables.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Allow dshash tables to grow past 1GB (Matthias van de Meent) §
This avoids errors like “invalid DSA memory alloc request size”. The case can occur for example in transactions that process several million tables.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid possible integer overflow in bringetbitmap() (James Hunter, Evgeniy Gorbanyov) §
Since the result is only used for statistical purposes, the effects of this error were mostly cosmetic.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent streaming standby servers from looping infinitely when reading a WAL record that crosses pages (Kyotaro Horiguchi, Alexander Kukushkin) §
This would happen when the record's continuation is on a page that needs to be read from a different WAL source.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix unintended promotion of FATAL errors to PANIC during early process startup (Noah Misch) §
This fixes some unlikely cases that would result in “PANIC: proc_exit() called in child process”.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix cases where an operator family member operator or support procedure could become a dangling reference (Tom Lane) § §
In some cases a data type could be dropped while references to its OID still remain in pg_amop or pg_amproc. While that caused no immediate issues, an attempt to drop the owning operator family would fail, and pg_dump would produce bogus output when dumping the operator family. This fix causes creation and modification of operator families/classes to add needed dependency entries so that dropping a data type will also drop any dependent operator family elements. That does not help vulnerable pre-existing operator families, though, so a band-aid has also been added to DROP OPERATOR FAMILY to prevent failure when dropping a family that has dangling members.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid low-probability crash on out-of-memory, due to missing check for failure return from malloc() (Karina Litskevich) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid integer overflow while testing wal_skip_threshold condition (Tom Lane) §
A transaction that created a very large relation could mistakenly decide to ensure durability by copying the relation into WAL instead of fsync'ing it, thereby negating the point of wal_skip_threshold. (This only matters when wal_level is set to minimal, else a WAL copy is required anyway.)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix unsafe order of operations during cache lookups (Noah Misch) §
The only known consequence was a usually-harmless “you don't own a lock of type ExclusiveLock” warning during GRANT TABLESPACE.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix possible “failed to resolve name” failures when using JIT on older ARM platforms (Thomas Munro) §
This could occur as a consequence of inconsistency about the default setting of -moutline-atomics between gcc and clang. At least Debian and Ubuntu are known to ship gcc and clang compilers that target armv8-a but differ on the use of outline atomics by default.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix handling of Windows junction points that are not of PostgreSQL origin (Thomas Munro) § §
Previously, initdb would fail if the path to the data directory included junction points whose expansion isn't in “drive absolute” format, or whose expansion points to another junction point.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix assertion failure in WITH RECURSIVE ... UNION queries (David Rowley) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid assertion failure in rule deparsing if a set operation leaf query contains set operations (Man Zeng, Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid edge-case assertion failure in parallel query startup (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix assertion failure at shutdown when writing out the statistics file (Michael Paquier) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In NULLIF(), avoid passing a read-write expanded object pointer to the data type's equality function (Tom Lane) §
The equality function could modify or delete the object if it's given a read-write pointer, which would be bad if we decide to return it as the NULLIF() result. There is probably no problem with any built-in equality function, but it's easy to demonstrate a failure with one coded in PL/pgSQL.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure that expression preprocessing is applied to a default null value in INSERT (Tom Lane) §
If the target column is of a domain type, the planner must insert a coerce-to-domain step not just a null constant, and this expression missed going through some required processing steps. There is no known consequence with domains based on core data types, but in theory an error could occur with domains based on extension types.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Repair memory leaks in PL/Python (Mat Arye, Tom Lane) §
Repeated use of PLyPlan.execute or plpy.cursor resulted in memory leakage for the duration of the calling PL/Python function.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix PL/Tcl to compile with Tcl 9 (Peter Eisentraut) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In the ecpg preprocessor, fix possible misprocessing of cursors that reference out-of-scope variables (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In ecpg, fix compile-time warnings about unsupported use of COPY ... FROM STDIN (Ryo Kanbayashi) §
Previously, the intended warning was not issued due to a typo.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix psql to safely handle file path names that are encoded in SJIS (Tom Lane) §
Some two-byte characters in SJIS have a second byte that is equal to ASCII backslash (\). These characters were corrupted by path name normalization, preventing access to files whose names include such characters.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix use of wrong version of pqsignal() in pgbench and psql (Fujii Masao, Tom Lane) §
This error could lead to misbehavior when using the -T option in pgbench or the \watch command in psql, due to interrupted system calls not being resumed as expected.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix misexecution of some nested \if constructs in pgbench (Michail Nikolaev) §
An \if command appearing within a false (not-being-executed) \if branch was incorrectly treated the same as \elif.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In pgbench, fix possible misdisplay of progress messages during table initialization (Yushi Ogiwara, Tatsuo Ishii, Fujii Masao) § §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Make pg_controldata more robust against corrupted pg_control files (Ilyasov Ian, Anton Voloshin) §
Since pg_controldata will attempt to print the contents of pg_control even if the CRC check fails, it must take care not to misbehave for invalid field values. This patch fixes some issues triggered by invalid timestamps and apparently-negative WAL segment sizes.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix possible crash in pg_dump with identity sequences attached to tables that are extension members (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix pg_basebackup to correctly handle pg_wal.tar files exceeding 2GB on Windows (Davinder Singh, Thomas Munro) § §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Update configuration probes that determine the compiler switches needed to access ARM CRC instructions (Tom Lane) §
On ARM platforms where the baseline CPU target lacks CRC instructions, we need to supply a -march switch to persuade the compiler to compile such instructions. Recent versions of gcc reject the value we were trying, leading to silently falling back to software CRC.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
During configure, if a C23 compiler is detected, try asking for C17 (Thomas Munro) §
PostgreSQL versions before v16 will not compile under C23 rules. If the chosen compiler defaults to C23 or later, try adding a -std=gnu17 switch to change that. (If this won't work for your compiler, manually specify CFLAGS with a suitable switch.)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2025a for DST law changes in Paraguay, plus historical corrections for the Philippines (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.9, see Section E.11.
Changes
Repair ABI break for extensions that work with struct ResultRelInfo (Tom Lane) §
Last week's minor releases unintentionally broke binary compatibility with timescaledb and several other extensions. Restore the affected structure to its previous size, so that such extensions need not be rebuilt.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Restore functionality of ALTER {ROLE|DATABASE} SET role (Tom Lane, Noah Misch) §
The fix for CVE-2024-10978 accidentally caused settings for role to not be applied if they come from non-interactive sources, including previous ALTER {ROLE|DATABASE} commands and the PGOPTIONS environment variable.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix cases where a logical replication slot's restart_lsn could go backwards (Masahiko Sawada) §
Previously, restarting logical replication could sometimes cause the slot's restart point to be recomputed as an older value than had previously been advertised in pg_replication_slots. This is bad, since for example WAL files might have been removed on the basis of the later restart_lsn value, in which case replication would fail to restart.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid deleting still-needed WAL files during pg_rewind (Polina Bungina, Alexander Kukushkin) §
Previously, in unlucky cases, it was possible for pg_rewind to remove important WAL files from the rewound demoted primary. In particular this happens if those files have been marked for archival (i.e., their .ready files were created) but not yet archived. Then the newly promoted node no longer has such files because of them having been recycled, but likely they are needed for recovery in the demoted node. If pg_rewind removes them, recovery is not possible anymore.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix race conditions associated with dropping shared statistics entries (Kyotaro Horiguchi, Michael Paquier) §
These bugs could lead to loss of statistics data, assertion failures, or “can only drop stats once” errors.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Count index scans in contrib/bloom indexes in the statistics views, such as the pg_stat_user_indexes.idx_scan counter (Masahiro Ikeda) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix crash when checking to see if an index's opclass options have changed (Alexander Korotkov) §
Some forms of ALTER TABLE would fail if the table has an index with non-default operator class options.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid assertion failure caused by disconnected NFA sub-graphs in regular expression parsing (Tom Lane) §
This bug does not appear to have any visible consequences in non-assert builds.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, if you have ever detached a partition from a partitioned table that has a foreign-key reference to another partitioned table, and not dropped the former partition, then you may have catalog and/or data corruption to repair, as detailed in the fifth changelog entry below.
Also, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.7, see Section E.13.
Changes
Ensure cached plans are marked as dependent on the calling role when RLS applies to a non-top-level table reference (Nathan Bossart) §
If a CTE, subquery, sublink, security invoker view, or coercion projection in a query references a table with row-level security policies, we neglected to mark the resulting plan as potentially dependent on which role is executing it. This could lead to later query executions in the same session using the wrong plan, and then returning or hiding rows that should have been hidden or returned instead.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Wolfgang Walther for reporting this problem. (CVE-2024-10976)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Make libpq discard error messages received during SSL or GSS protocol negotiation (Jacob Champion) §
An error message received before encryption negotiation is completed might have been injected by a man-in-the-middle, rather than being real server output. Reporting it opens the door to various security hazards; for example, the message might spoof a query result that a careless user could mistake for correct output. The best answer seems to be to discard such data and rely only on libpq's own report of the connection failure.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Jacob Champion for reporting this problem. (CVE-2024-10977)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix unintended interactions between SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION and SET ROLE (Tom Lane) § §
The SQL standard mandates that SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION have a side-effect of doing SET ROLE NONE. Our implementation of that was flawed, creating more interaction between the two settings than intended. Notably, rolling back a transaction that had done SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION would revert ROLE to NONE even if that had not been the previous state, so that the effective user ID might now be different from what it had been before the transaction. Transiently setting session_authorization in a function SET clause had a similar effect. A related bug was that if a parallel worker inspected current_setting('role'), it saw none even when it should see something else.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Tom Lane for reporting this problem. (CVE-2024-10978)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent trusted PL/Perl code from changing environment variables (Andrew Dunstan, Noah Misch) § § §
The ability to manipulate process environment variables such as PATH gives an attacker opportunities to execute arbitrary code. Therefore, “trusted” PLs must not offer the ability to do that. To fix plperl, replace %ENV with a tied hash that rejects any modification attempt with a warning. Untrusted plperlu retains the ability to change the environment.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Coby Abrams for reporting this problem. (CVE-2024-10979)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix updates of catalog state for foreign-key constraints when attaching or detaching table partitions (Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais, Tender Wang, Álvaro Herrera) § §
If the referenced table is partitioned, then different catalog entries are needed for a referencing table that is stand-alone versus one that is a partition. ATTACH/DETACH PARTITION commands failed to perform this conversion correctly. In particular, after DETACH the now stand-alone table would be missing foreign-key enforcement triggers, which could result in the table later containing rows that fail the foreign-key constraint. A subsequent re-ATTACH could fail with surprising errors, too.
The way to fix this is to do ALTER TABLE DROP CONSTRAINT on the now stand-alone table for each faulty constraint, and then re-add the constraint. If re-adding the constraint fails, then some erroneous data has crept in. You will need to manually re-establish consistency between the referencing and referenced tables, then re-add the constraint.
This query can be used to identify broken constraints and construct the commands needed to recreate them:
SELECT conrelid::pg_catalog.regclass AS "constrained table",
conname AS constraint,
confrelid::pg_catalog.regclass AS "references",
pg_catalog.format('ALTER TABLE %s DROP CONSTRAINT %I;',
conrelid::pg_catalog.regclass, conname) AS "drop",
pg_catalog.format('ALTER TABLE %s ADD CONSTRAINT %I %s;',
conrelid::pg_catalog.regclass, conname,
pg_catalog.pg_get_constraintdef(oid)) AS "add"
FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint c
WHERE contype = 'f' AND conparentid = 0 AND
(SELECT count(*) FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint c2
WHERE c2.conparentid = c.oid) <>
((SELECT count(*) FROM pg_catalog.pg_inherits i
WHERE (i.inhparent = c.conrelid OR i.inhparent = c.confrelid) AND
EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.pg_partitioned_table
WHERE partrelid = i.inhparent)) +
CASE WHEN pg_catalog.pg_partition_root(conrelid) = confrelid THEN
(SELECT count(*) FROM pg_catalog.pg_partition_tree(confrelid)
WHERE level = 1)
ELSE 0 END);
Since it is possible that one or more of the ADD CONSTRAINT steps will fail, you should save the query's output in a file and then attempt to perform each step.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid possible crashes and “could not open relation” errors in queries on a partitioned table occurring concurrently with a DETACH CONCURRENTLY and immediate drop of a partition (Álvaro Herrera, Kuntal Gosh) § §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Disallow ALTER TABLE ATTACH PARTITION if the table to be attached has a foreign key referencing the partitioned table (Álvaro Herrera) § §
This arrangement is not supported, and other ways of creating it already fail.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Don't use partitionwise joins or grouping if the query's collation for the key column doesn't match the partition key's collation (Jian He, Webbo Han) § §
Such plans could produce incorrect results.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix possible “could not find pathkey item to sort” error when the output of a UNION ALL member query needs to be sorted, and the sort column is an expression (Andrei Lepikhov, Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Allow cancellation of the second stage of index build for large hash indexes (Pavel Borisov) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix assertion failure or confusing error message for COPY (, when the query) TO ...query is rewritten by a DO INSTEAD NOTIFY rule (Tender Wang, Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix detection of skewed data during parallel hash join (Thomas Munro) §
After repartitioning the inner side of a hash join because one partition has accumulated too many tuples, we check to see if all the partition's tuples went into the same child partition, which suggests that they all have the same hash value and further repartitioning cannot improve matters. This check malfunctioned in some cases, allowing repeated futile repartitioning which would eventually end in a resource-exhaustion error.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix race condition in committing a serializable transaction (Heikki Linnakangas) §
Mis-processing of a recently committed transaction could lead to an assertion failure or a “could not access status of transaction” error.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix race condition in COMMIT PREPARED that resulted in orphaned 2PC files (wuchengwen) §
A concurrent PREPARE TRANSACTION could cause COMMIT PREPARED to not remove the on-disk two-phase state file for the completed transaction. There was no immediate ill effect, but a subsequent crash-and-recovery could fail with “could not access status of transaction”, requiring manual removal of the orphaned file to restore service.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid invalid memory accesses after skipping an invalid toast index during VACUUM FULL (Tender Wang) §
A list tracking yet-to-be-rebuilt indexes was not properly updated in this code path, risking assertion failures or crashes later on.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix ways in which an “in place” catalog update could be lost (Noah Misch) § § § § § § §
Normal row updates write a new version of the row to preserve rollback-ability of the transaction. However, certain system catalog updates are intentionally non-transactional and are done with an in-place update of the row. These patches fix race conditions that could cause the effects of an in-place update to be lost. As an example, it was possible to forget having set pg_class.relhasindex to true, preventing updates of the new index and thus causing index corruption.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Reset catalog caches at end of recovery (Noah Misch) §
This prevents scenarios wherein an in-place catalog update could be lost due to using stale data from a catalog cache.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid using parallel query while holding off interrupts (Francesco Degrassi, Noah Misch, Tom Lane) § §
This situation cannot arise normally, but it can be reached with test scenarios such as using a SQL-language function as B-tree support (which would be far too slow for production usage). If it did occur it would result in an indefinite wait.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Report the active query ID for statistics purposes at the start of processing of Bind and Execute protocol messages (Sami Imseih) §
This allows more of the work done in extended query protocol to be attributed to the correct query.
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Changes
Guard against stack overflow in libxml2 with too-deeply-nested XML input (Tom Lane, with hat tip to Nick Wellnhofer) §
Use xmlXPathCtxtCompile() rather than xmlXPathCompile(), because the latter fails to protect itself against recursion-to-stack-overflow in libxml2 releases before 2.13.4.
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Changes
Do not ignore a concurrent REINDEX CONCURRENTLY that is working on an index with predicates or expressions (Michail Nikolaev) §
Normally, REINDEX CONCURRENTLY does not need to wait for other REINDEX CONCURRENTLY operations on other tables. However, this optimization is not applied if the other REINDEX CONCURRENTLY is processing an index with predicates or expressions, on the chance that such expressions contain user-defined code that accesses other tables. Careless coding created a race condition such that that rule was not applied uniformly, possibly allowing inconsistent behavior.
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Changes
Fix “failed to find plan for subquery/CTE” errors in EXPLAIN (Richard Guo, Tom Lane) § §
This case arose while trying to print references to fields of a RECORD-type output of a subquery when the subquery has been optimized out of the plan altogether (which is possible at least in the case that it has a constant-false WHERE condition). Nothing remains in the plan to identify the original field names, so fall back to printing f for the NN'th record column. (That's actually the right thing anyway, if the record output arose from a ROW() constructor.)
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Changes
Disallow a USING clause when altering the type of a generated column (Peter Eisentraut) §
A generated column already has an expression specifying the column contents, so including USING doesn't make sense.
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Changes
Ignore not-yet-defined Portals in the pg_cursors view (Tom Lane) §
It is possible for user-defined code that inspects this view to be called while a new cursor is being set up, and if that happens a null pointer dereference would ensue. Avoid the problem by defining the view to exclude incompletely-set-up cursors.
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Changes
Prevent mis-encoding of “trailing junk after numeric literal” error messages (Karina Litskevich) §
We do not allow identifiers to appear immediately following numeric literals (there must be some whitespace between). If a multibyte character immediately followed a numeric literal, the syntax error message about it included only the first byte of that character, causing bad-encoding problems both in the report to the client and in the postmaster log file.
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Changes
Avoid “unexpected table_index_fetch_tuple call during logical decoding” error while decoding a transaction involving insertion of a column default value (Takeshi Ideriha, Hou Zhijie) § §
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Changes
Reduce memory consumption of logical decoding (Masahiko Sawada) §
Use a smaller default block size to store tuple data received during logical replication. This reduces memory wastage, which has been reported to be severe while processing long-running transactions, even leading to out-of-memory failures.
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Changes
Re-disable sending of stateless (TLSv1.2) session tickets (Daniel Gustafsson) §
A previous change to prevent sending of stateful (TLSv1.3) session tickets accidentally re-enabled sending of stateless ones. Thus, while we intended to prevent clients from thinking that TLS session resumption is supported, some still did.
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Changes
Avoid “wrong tuple length” failure when dropping a database with many ACL (permission) entries (Ayush Tiwari) § §
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Changes
Allow adjusting the session_authorization and role settings in parallel workers (Tom Lane) §
Our code intends to allow modifiable server settings to be set by function SET clauses, but not otherwise within a parallel worker. SET clauses failed for these two settings, though.
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Changes
Fix behavior of stable functions called from a CALL statement's argument list, when the CALL is within a PL/pgSQL EXCEPTION block (Tom Lane) §
As with a similar fix in our previous quarterly releases, this case allowed such functions to be passed the wrong snapshot, causing them to see stale values of rows modified since the start of the outer transaction.
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Changes
Fix “cache lookup failed for function” errors in edge cases in PL/pgSQL's CALL (Tom Lane) §
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Changes
Fix thread safety of our fallback (non-OpenSSL) MD5 implementation on big-endian hardware (Heikki Linnakangas) §
Thread safety is not currently a concern in the server, but it is for libpq.
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Changes
Parse libpq's keepalives connection option in the same way as other integer-valued options (Yuto Sasaki) §
The coding used here rejected trailing whitespace in the option value, unlike other cases. This turns out to be problematic in ecpg's usage, for example.
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Changes
Avoid use of pnstrdup() in ecpglib (Jacob Champion) §
That function will call exit() on out-of-memory, which is undesirable in a library. The calling code already handles allocation failures properly.
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Changes
In ecpglib, fix out-of-bounds read when parsing incorrect datetime input (Bruce Momjian, Pavel Nekrasov) §
It was possible to try to read the location just before the start of a constant array. Real-world consequences seem minimal, though.
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Changes
Fix pg_dump's handling of identity sequences that have persistence different from their owning table's persistence (Tom Lane) §
Since v15, it's been possible to set an identity sequence to be LOGGED when its owning table is UNLOGGED or vice versa. However, pg_dump's method for recreating that situation failed in binary-upgrade mode, causing pg_upgrade to fail when such sequences are present. Fix by introducing a new option for ADD/ALTER COLUMN GENERATED AS IDENTITY to allow the sequence's persistence to be set correctly at creation. Note that this means a dump from a database containing such a sequence will only load into a server of this minor version or newer.
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Changes
Include the source timeline history in pg_rewind's debug output (Heikki Linnakangas) §
This was the intention to begin with, but a coding error caused the source history to always print as empty.
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Changes
Fix misbehavior with junction points on Windows, particularly in pg_rewind (Alexandra Wang) § § § §
This entailed back-patching previous fixes by Thomas Munro, Peter Eisentraut, Alexander Lakhin, and Juan José Santamaría Flecha. Those changes were originally not back-patched out of caution, but they have been in use in later branches for long enough to deem them safe.
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Changes
Avoid trying to reindex temporary tables and indexes in vacuumdb and in parallel reindexdb (VaibhaveS, Michael Paquier, Fujii Masao, Nathan Bossart) § § §
Reindexing other sessions' temporary tables cannot work, but the check to skip them was missing in some code paths, leading to unwanted failures.
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Changes
Allow inspection of sequence relations in relevant functions of contrib/pageinspect and contrib/pgstattuple (Nathan Bossart, Ayush Vatsa) § §
This had been allowed in the past, but it got broken during the introduction of non-default access methods for tables.
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Changes
Fix incorrect LLVM-generated code on ARM64 platforms (Thomas Munro, Anthonin Bonnefoy) §
When using JIT compilation on ARM platforms, the generated code could not support relocation distances exceeding 32 bits, allowing unlucky placement of generated code to cause server crashes on large-memory systems.
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Changes
Fix a few places that assumed that process start time (represented as a time_t) will fit into a long value (Max Johnson, Nathan Bossart) §
On platforms where long is 32 bits (notably Windows), this coding would fail after Y2038. Most of the failures appear only cosmetic, but notably pg_ctl start would hang.
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Changes
Fix building with Strawberry Perl on Windows (Andrew Dunstan) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent “missing declaration for inet_pton” compiler warning or error when building with MinGW (Thomas Munro, Andrew Dunstan) §
Changes
Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2024b (Tom Lane) § §
This tzdata release changes the old System-V-compatibility zone names to duplicate the corresponding geographic zones; for example PST8PDT is now an alias for America/Los_Angeles. The main visible consequence is that for timestamps before the introduction of standardized time zones, the zone is considered to represent local mean solar time for the named location. For example, in PST8PDT, timestamptz input such as 1801-01-01 00:00 would previously have been rendered as 1801-01-01 00:00:00-08, but now it is rendered as 1801-01-01 00:00:00-07:52:58.
Also, historical corrections for Mexico, Mongolia, and Portugal. Notably, Asia/Choibalsan is now an alias for Asia/Ulaanbaatar rather than being a separate zone, mainly because the differences between those zones were found to be based on untrustworthy data.
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A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.7, see Section E.13.
Changes
Prevent unauthorized code execution during pg_dump (Masahiko Sawada) §
An attacker able to create and drop non-temporary objects could inject SQL code that would be executed by a concurrent pg_dump session with the privileges of the role running pg_dump (which is often a superuser). The attack involves replacing a sequence or similar object with a view or foreign table that will execute malicious code. To prevent this, introduce a new server parameter restrict_nonsystem_relation_kind that can disable expansion of non-builtin views as well as access to foreign tables, and teach pg_dump to set it when available. Note that the attack is prevented only if both pg_dump and the server it is dumping from are new enough to have this fix.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Noah Misch for reporting this problem. (CVE-2024-7348)
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Changes
Prevent infinite loop in VACUUM (Melanie Plageman) §
After a disconnected standby server with an old running transaction reconnected to the primary, it was possible for VACUUM on the primary to get confused about which tuples are removable, resulting in an infinite loop.
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Changes
Fix failure after attaching a table as a partition, if the table had previously had inheritance children (Álvaro Herrera) §
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Changes
Fix ALTER TABLE DETACH PARTITION for cases involving inconsistent index-based constraints (Álvaro Herrera, Tender Wang) § §
When a partitioned table has an index that is not associated with a constraint, but a partition has an equivalent index that is, then detaching the partition would misbehave, leaving the ex-partition's constraint with an incorrect coninhcount value. This would cause trouble during any further manipulations of that constraint.
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Changes
Fix partition pruning setup during ALTER TABLE DETACH PARTITION CONCURRENTLY (Álvaro Herrera) § §
The executor assumed that no partition could be detached between planning and execution of a query on a partitioned table. This is no longer true since the introduction of DETACH PARTITION's CONCURRENTLY option, making it possible for query execution to fail transiently when that is used.
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Changes
Correctly update a partitioned table's pg_class.reltuples field to zero after its last child partition is dropped (Noah Misch) §
The first ANALYZE on such a partitioned table must update relhassubclass as well, and that caused the reltuples update to be lost.
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Changes
Fix handling of polymorphic output arguments for procedures (Tom Lane) § §
The SQL CALL statement did not resolve the correct data types for such arguments, leading to errors such as “cannot display a value of type anyelement”, or even outright crashes. (But CALL in PL/pgSQL worked correctly.)
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Changes
Fix behavior of stable functions called from a CALL statement's argument list (Tom Lane) §
If the CALL is within an atomic context (e.g. there's an outer transaction block), such functions were passed the wrong snapshot, causing them to see stale values of rows modified since the start of the outer transaction.
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Changes
Detect integer overflow in money calculations (Joseph Koshakow) §
None of the arithmetic functions for the money type checked for overflow before, so they would silently give wrong answers for overflowing cases.
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Changes
Fix over-aggressive clamping of the scale argument in round(numeric) and trunc(numeric) (Dean Rasheed) §
These functions clamped their scale argument to +/-2000, but there are valid use-cases for it to be larger; the functions returned incorrect results in such cases. Instead clamp to the actual allowed range of type numeric.
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Changes
Fix result for pg_size_pretty() when applied to the smallest possible bigint value (Joseph Koshakow) §
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Changes
Prevent pg_sequence_last_value() from failing on unlogged sequences on standby servers and on temporary sequences of other sessions (Nathan Bossart) §
Make it return NULL in these cases instead of throwing an error.
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Changes
Fix parsing of ignored operators in websearch_to_tsquery() (Tom Lane) §
Per the manual, punctuation in the input of websearch_to_tsquery() is ignored except for the special cases of dashes and quotes. However, parentheses and a few other characters appearing immediately before an or could cause or to be treated as a data word, rather than as an OR operator as expected.
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Changes
Detect another integer overflow case while computing new array dimensions (Joseph Koshakow) §
Reject applying array dimensions [-2147483648:2147483647] to an empty array. This is closely related to CVE-2023-5869, but appears harmless since the array still ends up empty.
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Changes
Detect another case of a new catalog cache entry becoming stale while detoasting its fields (Noah Misch) §
An in-place update occurring while we expand out-of-line fields in a catalog tuple could be missed, leading to a catalog cache entry that lacks the in-place change but is not known to be stale. This is only possible in the pg_database catalog, so the effects are narrow, but misbehavior is possible.
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Changes
Correctly check updatability of view columns targeted by INSERT ... DEFAULT (Tom Lane) §
If such a column is non-updatable, we should give an error reporting that. But the check was missed and then later code would report an unhelpful error such as “attribute number N not found in view targetlist”.
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Changes
Avoid reporting an unhelpful internal error for incorrect recursive queries (Tom Lane) §
Rearrange the order of error checks so that we throw an on-point error when a WITH RECURSIVE query does not have a self-reference within the second arm of the UNION, but does have one self-reference in some other place such as ORDER BY.
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Changes
Lock owned sequences during ALTER TABLE SET LOGGED|UNLOGGED (Noah Misch) §
These commands change the persistence of a table's owned sequences along with the table, but they failed to acquire lock on the sequences while doing so. This could result in losing the effects of concurrent nextval() calls.
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Changes
Don't throw an error if a queued AFTER trigger no longer exists (Tom Lane) §
It's possible for a transaction to execute an operation that queues a deferred AFTER trigger for later execution, and then to drop the trigger before that happens. Formerly this led to weird errors such as “could not find trigger NNNN”. It seems better to silently do nothing if the trigger no longer exists at the time when it would have been executed.
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Changes
Fix failure to remove pg_init_privs entries for column-level privileges when their table is dropped (Tom Lane) §
If an extension grants some column-level privileges on a table it creates, relevant catalog entries would remain behind after the extension is dropped. This was harmless until/unless the table's OID was re-used for another relation, when it could interfere with what pg_dump dumps for that relation.
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Changes
Fix selection of an arbiter index for ON CONFLICT when the desired index has expressions or predicates (Tom Lane) §
If a query using ON CONFLICT accesses the target table through an updatable view, it could fail with “there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification”, even though a matching index does exist.
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Changes
Refuse to modify a temporary table of another session with ALTER TABLE (Tom Lane) §
Permissions checks normally would prevent this case from arising, but it is possible to reach it by altering a parent table whose child is another session's temporary table. Throw an error if we discover that such a child table belongs to another session.
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Changes
Fix handling of extended statistics on expressions in CREATE TABLE LIKE STATISTICS (Tom Lane) §
The CREATE command failed to adjust column references in statistics expressions to the possibly-different column numbering of the new table. This resulted in invalid statistics objects that would cause problems later. A typical scenario where renumbering columns is needed is when the source table contains some dropped columns.
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Changes
Fix failure to recalculate sub-queries generated from MIN() or MAX() aggregates (Tom Lane) §
In some cases the aggregate result computed at one row of the outer query could be re-used for later rows when it should not be. This has only been seen to happen when the outer query uses DISTINCT that is implemented with hash aggregation, but other cases may exist.
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Changes
Avoid crashing when a JIT-inlined backend function throws an error (Tom Lane) §
The error state can include pointers into the dynamically loaded module holding the JIT-compiled code (for error location strings). In some code paths the module could get unloaded before the error report is processed, leading to SIGSEGV when the location strings are accessed.
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Changes
Cope with behavioral changes in libxml2 version 2.13.x (Erik Wienhold, Tom Lane) §
Notably, we now suppress “chunk is not well balanced” errors from libxml2, unless that is the only reported error. This is to make error reports consistent between 2.13.x and earlier libxml2 versions. In earlier versions, that message was almost always redundant or outright incorrect, so 2.13.x substantially reduced the number of cases in which it's reported.
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Changes
Fix handling of subtransactions of prepared transactions when starting a hot standby server (Heikki Linnakangas) §
When starting a standby's replay at a shutdown checkpoint WAL record, transactions that had been prepared but not yet committed on the primary are correctly understood as being still in progress. But subtransactions of a prepared transaction (created by savepoints or PL/pgSQL exception blocks) were not accounted for and would be treated as aborted. That led to inconsistency if the prepared transaction was later committed.
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Changes
Prevent incorrect initialization of logical replication slots (Masahiko Sawada) §
In some cases a replication slot's start point within the WAL stream could be set to a point within a transaction, leading to assertion failures or incorrect decoding results.
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Changes
Avoid “can only drop stats once” error during replication slot creation and drop (Floris Van Nee) §
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Changes
Fix resource leakage in logical replication WAL sender (Hou Zhijie) §
The walsender process leaked memory when publishing changes to a partitioned table whose partitions have row types physically different from the partitioned table's.
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Changes
Avoid memory leakage after servicing a notify or sinval interrupt (Tom Lane) §
The processing functions for these events could switch the current memory context to TopMemoryContext, resulting in session-lifespan leakage of any data allocated before the incorrect setting gets replaced. There were observable leaks associated with (at least) encoding conversion of incoming queries and parameters attached to Bind messages.
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Changes
Prevent leakage of reference counts for the shared memory block used for statistics (Anthonin Bonnefoy) §
A new backend process attaching to the statistics shared memory incremented its reference count, but failed to decrement the count when exiting. After 232 sessions had been created, the reference count would overflow to zero, causing failures in all subsequent backend process starts.
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Changes
Prevent deadlocks and assertion failures during truncation of the multixact SLRU log (Heikki Linnakangas) §
A process trying to delete SLRU segments could deadlock with the checkpointer process.
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Changes
Avoid possibly missing end-of-input events on Windows sockets (Thomas Munro) §
Windows reports an FD_CLOSE event only once after the remote end of the connection disconnects. With unlucky timing, we could miss that report and wait indefinitely, or at least until a timeout elapsed, expecting more input.
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Changes
Fix buffer overread in JSON parse error reports for incomplete byte sequences (Jacob Champion) §
It was possible to walk off the end of the input buffer by a few bytes when the last bytes comprise an incomplete multi-byte character. While usually harmless, in principle this could cause a crash.
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Changes
Disable creation of stateful TLS session tickets by OpenSSL (Daniel Gustafsson) § § §
This avoids possible failures with clients that think receipt of a session ticket means that TLS session resumption is supported.
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Changes
When replanning a PL/pgSQL “simple expression”, check it's still simple (Tom Lane) §
Certain fairly-artificial cases, such as dropping a referenced function and recreating it as an aggregate, could lead to surprising failures such as “unexpected plan node type”.
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Changes
Fix incompatibility between PL/Perl and Perl 5.40 (Andrew Dunstan) §
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Changes
Fix recursive RECORD-returning PL/Python functions (Tom Lane) §
If we recurse to a new call of the same function that passes a different column definition list (AS clause), it would fail because the inner call would overwrite the outer call's idea of what rowtype to return.
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Changes
Don't corrupt PL/Python's TD dictionary during a recursive trigger call (Tom Lane) §
If a PL/Python-language trigger caused another one to be invoked, the TD dictionary created for the inner one would overwrite the outer one's TD dictionary.
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Changes
Fix PL/Tcl's reporting of invalid list syntax in the result of a function returning tuple (Erik Wienhold, Tom Lane) §
Such a case could result in a crash, or in emission of misleading context information that actually refers to the previous Tcl error.
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Changes
Avoid non-thread-safe usage of strerror() in libpq (Peter Eisentraut) §
Certain error messages returned by OpenSSL could become garbled in multi-threaded applications.
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Changes
Avoid memory leak within pg_dump during a binary upgrade (Daniel Gustafsson) §
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Changes
Ensure that pg_restore -l reports dependent TOC entries correctly (Tom Lane) §
If -l was specified together with selective-restore options such as -n or -N, dependent TOC entries such as comments would be omitted from the listing, even when an actual restore would have selected them.
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Changes
Avoid “cursor can only scan forward” error in contrib/postgres_fdw (Etsuro Fujita) §
This error could occur if the remote server is v15 or later and a foreign table is mapped to a non-trivial remote view.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In contrib/postgres_fdw, do not send FETCH FIRST WITH TIES clauses to the remote server (Japin Li) §
The remote server might not implement this clause, or might interpret it differently than we would locally, so don't risk attempting remote execution.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid clashing with system-provided <regex.h> headers (Thomas Munro) §
This fixes a compilation failure on macOS version 15 and up.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix otherwise-harmless assertion failure in Memoize cost estimation (David Rowley) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix otherwise-harmless assertion failures in REINDEX CONCURRENTLY applied to an SP-GiST index (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, a security vulnerability was found in the system views pg_stats_ext and pg_stats_ext_exprs, potentially allowing authenticated database users to see data they shouldn't. If this is of concern in your installation, follow the steps in the first changelog entry below to rectify it.
Also, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.6, see Section E.14.
Changes
Restrict visibility of pg_stats_ext and pg_stats_ext_exprs entries to the table owner (Nathan Bossart) §
These views failed to hide statistics for expressions that involve columns the accessing user does not have permission to read. View columns such as most_common_vals might expose security-relevant data. The potential interactions here are not fully clear, so in the interest of erring on the side of safety, make rows in these views visible only to the owner of the associated table.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Lukas Fittl for reporting this problem. (CVE-2024-4317)
By itself, this fix will only fix the behavior in newly initdb'd database clusters. If you wish to apply this change in an existing cluster, you will need to do the following:
Find the SQL script fix-CVE-2024-4317.sql in the share directory of the PostgreSQL installation (typically located someplace like /usr/share/postgresql/). Be sure to use the script appropriate to your PostgreSQL major version. If you do not see this file, either your version is not vulnerable (only v14–v16 are affected) or your minor version is too old to have the fix.
In each database of the cluster, run the fix-CVE-2024-4317.sql script as superuser. In psql this would look like
\i /usr/share/postgresql/fix-CVE-2024-4317.sql
(adjust the file path as appropriate). Any error probably indicates that you've used the wrong script version. It will not hurt to run the script more than once.
Do not forget to include the template0 and template1 databases, or the vulnerability will still exist in databases you create later. To fix template0, you'll need to temporarily make it accept connections. Do that with
ALTER DATABASE template0 WITH ALLOW_CONNECTIONS true;
and then after fixing template0, undo it with
ALTER DATABASE template0 WITH ALLOW_CONNECTIONS false;
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix INSERT from multiple VALUES rows into a target column that is a domain over an array or composite type (Tom Lane) §
Such cases would either fail with surprising complaints about mismatched datatypes, or insert unexpected coercions that could lead to odd results.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Require SELECT privilege on the target table for MERGE with a DO NOTHING clause (Álvaro Herrera) §
SELECT privilege would be required in all practical cases anyway, but require it even if the query reads no columns of the target table. This avoids an edge case in which MERGE would require no privileges whatever, which seems undesirable even when it's a do-nothing command.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix handling of self-modified tuples in MERGE (Dean Rasheed) §
Throw an error if a target row joins to more than one source row, as required by the SQL standard. (The previous coding could silently ignore this condition if a concurrent update was involved.) Also, throw a non-misleading error if a target row is already updated by a later command in the current transaction, thanks to a BEFORE trigger or a volatile function used in the query.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix incorrect pruning of NULL partition when a table is partitioned on a boolean column and the query has a boolean IS NOT clause (David Rowley) §
A NULL value satisfies a clause such as boolcol IS NOT FALSE
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Make ALTER FOREIGN TABLE SET SCHEMA move any owned sequences into the new schema (Tom Lane) §
Moving a regular table to a new schema causes any sequences owned by the table to be moved to that schema too (along with indexes and constraints). This was overlooked for foreign tables, however.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Make ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN create identity/serial sequences with the same persistence as their owning tables (Peter Eisentraut) §
CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE will make any owned sequences be unlogged too. ALTER TABLE missed that consideration, so that an added identity column would have a logged sequence, which seems pointless.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Improve ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN TYPE's error message when there is a dependent function or publication (Tom Lane) § §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In CREATE DATABASE, recognize strategy keywords case-insensitively for consistency with other options (Tomas Vondra) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix EXPLAIN's counting of heap pages accessed by a bitmap heap scan (Melanie Plageman) §
Previously, heap pages that contain no visible tuples were not counted; but it seems more consistent to count all pages returned by the bitmap index scan.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix EXPLAIN's output for subplans in MERGE (Dean Rasheed) §
EXPLAIN would sometimes fail to properly display subplan Params referencing variables in other parts of the plan tree.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid deadlock during removal of orphaned temporary tables (Mikhail Zhilin) §
If the session that creates a temporary table crashes without removing the table, autovacuum will eventually try to remove the orphaned table. However, an incoming session that's been assigned the same temporary namespace will do that too. If a temporary table has a dependency (such as an owned sequence) then a deadlock could result between these two cleanup attempts.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid race condition while examining per-relation frozen-XID values (Noah Misch) §
VACUUM's computation of per-database frozen-XID values from per-relation values could get confused by a concurrent update of those values by another VACUUM.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix buffer usage reporting for parallel vacuuming (Anthonin Bonnefoy) §
Buffer accesses performed by parallel workers were not getting counted in the statistics reported in VERBOSE mode.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Disallow converting a table to a view within an outer SQL command that is using that table (Tom Lane) §
This avoids possible crashes.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure that join conditions generated from equivalence classes are applied at the correct plan level (Tom Lane) §
In versions before PostgreSQL 16, it was possible for generated conditions to be evaluated below outer joins when they should be evaluated above (after) the outer join, leading to incorrect query results. All versions have a similar hazard when considering joins to UNION ALL trees that have constant outputs for the join column in some SELECT arms.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent potentially-incorrect optimization of some window functions (David Rowley) §
Disable “run condition” optimization of ntile() and count() with non-constant arguments. This avoids possible misbehavior with sub-selects, typically leading to errors like “WindowFunc not found in subplan target lists”.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid unnecessary use of moving-aggregate mode with a non-moving window frame (Vallimaharajan G) §
When a plain aggregate is used as a window function, and the window frame start is specified as UNBOUNDED PRECEDING, the frame's head cannot move so we do not need to use the special (and more expensive) moving-aggregate mode. This optimization was intended all along, but due to a coding error it never triggered.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid use of already-freed data while planning partition-wise joins under GEQO (Tom Lane) §
This would typically end in a crash or unexpected error message.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid freeing still-in-use data in Memoize (Tender Wang, Andrei Lepikhov) §
In production builds this error frequently didn't cause any problems, as the freed data would most likely not get overwritten before it was used.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix incorrectly-reported statistics kind codes in “requested statistics kind X is not yet built” error messages (David Rowley) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Be more careful with RECORD-returning functions in FROM (Tom Lane) § §
The output columns of such a function call must be defined by an AS clause that specifies the column names and data types. If the actual function output value doesn't match that, an error is supposed to be thrown at runtime. However, some code paths would examine the actual value prematurely, and potentially issue strange errors or suffer assertion failures if it doesn't match expectations.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix confusion about the return rowtype of SQL-language procedures (Tom Lane) §
A procedure implemented in SQL language that returns a single composite-type column would cause an assertion failure or core dump.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Add protective stack depth checks to some recursive functions (Egor Chindyaskin) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix mis-rounding and overflow hazards in date_bin() (Moaaz Assali) §
In the case where the source timestamp is before the origin timestamp and their difference is already an exact multiple of the stride, the code incorrectly subtracted the stride anyway. Also, detect some integer-overflow cases that would have produced incorrect results.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Detect integer overflow when adding or subtracting an interval to/from a timestamp (Joseph Koshakow) §
Some cases that should cause an out-of-range error produced an incorrect result instead.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid race condition in pg_get_expr() (Tom Lane) §
If the relation referenced by the argument is dropped concurrently, the function's intention is to return NULL, but sometimes it failed instead.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix detection of old transaction IDs in XID status functions (Karina Litskevich) §
Transaction IDs more than 231 transactions in the past could be misidentified as recent, leading to misbehavior of pg_xact_status() or txid_status().
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure that a table's freespace map won't return a page that's past the end of the table (Ronan Dunklau) §
Because the freespace map isn't WAL-logged, this was possible in edge cases involving an OS crash, a replica promote, or a PITR restore. The result would be a “could not read block” error.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix file descriptor leakage when an error is thrown while waiting in WaitEventSetWait (Etsuro Fujita) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid corrupting exception stack if an FDW implements async append but doesn't configure any wait conditions for the Append plan node to wait for (Alexander Pyhalov) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Throw an error if an index is accessed while it is being reindexed (Tom Lane) §
Previously this was just an assertion check, but promote it into a regular runtime error. This will provide a more on-point error message when reindexing a user-defined index expression that attempts to access its own table.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure that index-only scans on name columns return a fully-padded value (David Rowley) §
The value physically stored in the index is truncated, and previously a pointer to that value was returned to callers. This provoked complaints when testing under valgrind. In theory it could result in crashes, though none have been reported.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix race condition in deciding whether a table sync operation is needed in logical replication (Vignesh C) §
An invalidation event arriving while a subscriber identifies which tables need to be synced would be forgotten about, so that any tables newly in need of syncing might not get processed in a timely fashion.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix crash with DSM allocations larger than 4GB (Heikki Linnakangas) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Disconnect if a new server session's client socket cannot be put into non-blocking mode (Heikki Linnakangas) §
It was once theoretically possible for us to operate with a socket that's in blocking mode; but that hasn't worked fully in a long time, so fail at connection start rather than misbehave later.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix inadequate error reporting with OpenSSL 3.0.0 and later (Heikki Linnakangas, Tom Lane) §
System-reported errors passed through by OpenSSL were reported with a numeric error code rather than anything readable.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid concurrent calls to bindtextdomain() in libpq and ecpglib (Tom Lane) § §
Although GNU gettext's implementation seems to be fine with concurrent calls, the version available on Windows is not.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix crash in ecpg's preprocessor if the program tries to redefine a macro that was defined on the preprocessor command line (Tom Lane) § § §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In ecpg, avoid issuing false “unsupported feature will be passed to server” warnings (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure that the string result of ecpg's intoasc() function is correctly zero-terminated (Oleg Tselebrovskiy) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In psql, avoid leaking a query result after the query is cancelled (Tom Lane) §
This happened only when cancelling a non-last query in a query string made with \; separators.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix pg_dumpall so that role comments, if present, will be dumped regardless of the setting of --no-role-passwords (Daniel Gustafsson, Álvaro Herrera) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Skip files named .DS_Store in pg_basebackup, pg_checksums, and pg_rewind (Daniel Gustafsson) §
This avoids problems on macOS, where the Finder may create such files.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix PL/pgSQL's parsing of single-line comments (---style comments) following expressions (Erik Wienhold, Tom Lane) §
This mistake caused parse errors if such a comment followed a WHEN expression in a PL/pgSQL CASE statement.
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Changes
In contrib/amcheck, don't report false match failures due to short- versus long-header values (Andrey Borodin, Michael Zhilin) § §
A variable-length datum in a heap tuple or index tuple could have either a short or a long header, depending on compression parameters that applied when it was made. Treat these cases as equivalent rather than complaining if there's a difference.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix bugs in BRIN output functions (Tomas Vondra) §
These output functions are only used for displaying index entries in contrib/pageinspect, so the errors are of limited practical concern.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In contrib/postgres_fdw, avoid emitting requests to sort by a constant (David Rowley) §
This could occur in cases involving UNION ALL with constant-emitting subqueries. Sorting by a constant is useless of course, but it also risks being misinterpreted by the remote server, leading to “ORDER BY position N is not in select list” errors.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Make contrib/postgres_fdw set the remote session's time zone to GMT not UTC (Tom Lane) §
This should have the same results for practical purposes. However, GMT is recognized by hard-wired code in the server, while UTC is looked up in the timezone database. So the old code could fail in the unlikely event that the remote server's timezone database is missing entries.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In contrib/xml2, avoid use of library functions that have been deprecated in recent versions of libxml2 (Dmitry Koval) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix incompatibility with LLVM 18 (Thomas Munro, Dmitry Dolgov) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Allow make check to work with the musl C library (Thomas Munro, Bruce Momjian, Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, one bug was fixed that could have resulted in corruption of GIN indexes during concurrent updates. If you suspect such corruption, reindex affected indexes after installing this update.
Also, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.5, see Section E.15.
Changes
Tighten security restrictions within REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY (Heikki Linnakangas) § §
One step of a concurrent refresh command was run under weak security restrictions. If a materialized view's owner could persuade a superuser or other high-privileged user to perform a concurrent refresh on that view, the view's owner could control code executed with the privileges of the user running REFRESH. Fix things so that all user-determined code is run as the view's owner, as expected.
The only known exploit for this error does not work in PostgreSQL 16.0 and later, so it may be that v16 is not vulnerable in practice.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Pedro Gallegos for reporting this problem. (CVE-2024-0985)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix memory leak when performing JIT inlining (Andres Freund, Daniel Gustafsson) §
There have been multiple reports of backend processes suffering out-of-memory conditions after sufficiently many JIT compilations. This fix should resolve that.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
When dequeueing from an LWLock, avoid needing to search the list of waiting processes (Andres Freund) §
This fixes O(N^2) behavior when the list of waiters is long. In some use-cases this results in substantial throughput improvements.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid generating incorrect partitioned-join plans (Richard Guo) §
Some uncommon situations involving lateral references could create incorrect plans. Affected queries could produce wrong answers, or odd failures such as “variable not found in subplan target list”, or executor crashes.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix incorrect wrapping of subquery output expressions in PlaceHolderVars (Tom Lane) §
This fixes incorrect results when a subquery is underneath an outer join and has an output column that laterally references something outside the outer join's scope. The output column might not appear as NULL when it should do so due to the action of the outer join.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix misprocessing of window function run conditions (Richard Guo) §
This oversight could lead to “WindowFunc not found in subplan target lists” errors.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Skip inappropriate actions when MERGE causes a cross-partition update (Dean Rasheed) §
When executing a MERGE UPDATE action on a partitioned table, if the UPDATE is turned into a DELETE and INSERT due to changing a partition key column, skip firing AFTER UPDATE ROW triggers, as well as other post-update actions such as RLS checks. These actions would typically fail, which is why a regular UPDATE doesn't do them in such cases; MERGE shouldn't either.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Cope with BEFORE ROW DELETE triggers in cross-partition MERGE updates (Dean Rasheed) §
If such a trigger attempted to prevent the update by returning NULL, MERGE would suffer an error or assertion failure.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent access to a no-longer-pinned buffer in BEFORE ROW UPDATE triggers (Alexander Lakhin, Tom Lane) §
If the tuple being updated had just been updated and moved to another page by another session, there was a narrow window where we would attempt to fetch data from the new tuple version without any pin on its buffer. In principle this could result in garbage data appearing in non-updated columns of the proposed new tuple. The odds of problems in practice seem rather low, however.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid requesting an oversize shared-memory area in parallel hash join (Thomas Munro, Andrei Lepikhov, Alexander Korotkov) § §
The limiting value was too large, allowing “invalid DSA memory alloc request size” errors to occur with sufficiently large expected hash table sizes.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid assertion failures in heap_update() and heap_delete() when a tuple to be updated by a foreign-key enforcement trigger fails the extra visibility crosscheck (Alexander Lakhin) §
This error had no impact in non-assert builds.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix overly tight assertion about false_positive_rate parameter of BRIN bloom operator classes (Alexander Lakhin) §
This error had no impact in non-assert builds, either.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix possible failure during ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN on a complex inheritance tree (Tender Wang) §
If a grandchild table would inherit the new column via multiple intermediate parents, the command failed with “tuple already updated by self”.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix problems with duplicate token names in ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION ... MAPPING commands (Tender Wang, Michael Paquier) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Properly lock the associated table during DROP STATISTICS (Tomas Vondra) §
Failure to acquire the lock could result in “tuple concurrently deleted” errors if the DROP executes concurrently with ANALYZE.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix function volatility checking for GENERATED and DEFAULT expressions (Tom Lane) §
These places could fail to detect insertion of a volatile function default-argument expression, or decide that a polymorphic function is volatile although it is actually immutable on the datatype of interest. This could lead to improperly rejecting or accepting a GENERATED clause, or to mistakenly applying the constant-default-value optimization in ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Detect that a new catalog cache entry became stale while detoasting its fields (Tom Lane) § §
We expand any out-of-line fields in a catalog tuple before inserting it into the catalog caches. That involves database access which might cause invalidation of catalog cache entries — but the new entry isn't in the cache yet, so we would miss noticing that it should get invalidated. The result is a race condition in which an already-stale cache entry could get made, and then persist indefinitely. This would lead to hard-to-predict misbehavior. Fix by rechecking the tuple's visibility after detoasting.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix edge-case integer overflow detection bug on some platforms (Dean Rasheed) §
Computing 0 - INT64_MIN should result in an overflow error, and did on most platforms. However, platforms with neither integer overflow builtins nor 128-bit integers would fail to spot the overflow, instead returning INT64_MIN.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Detect Julian-date overflow when adding or subtracting an interval to/from a timestamp (Tom Lane) §
Some cases that should cause an out-of-range error produced an incorrect result instead.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Add more checks for overflow in interval_mul() and interval_div() (Dean Rasheed) §
Some cases that should cause an out-of-range error produced an incorrect result instead.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure cached statistics are discarded after a change to stats_fetch_consistency (Shinya Kato) §
In some code paths, it was possible for stale statistics to be returned.
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Changes
Make the pg_file_settings view check validity of unapplied values for settings with backend or superuser-backend context (Tom Lane) §
Invalid values were not noted in the view as intended. This escaped detection because there are very few settings in these groups.
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Changes
Match collation too when matching an existing index to a new partitioned index (Peter Eisentraut) §
Previously we could accept an index that has a different collation from the corresponding element of the partition key, possibly leading to misbehavior.
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Changes
Avoid failure if a child index is dropped concurrently with REINDEX INDEX on a partitioned index (Fei Changhong) § §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix insufficient locking when cleaning up an incomplete split of a GIN index's internal page (Fei Changhong, Heikki Linnakangas) §
The code tried to do this with shared rather than exclusive lock on the buffer. This could lead to index corruption if two processes attempted the cleanup concurrently.
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Changes
Avoid premature release of buffer pin in GIN index insertion (Tom Lane) §
If an index root page split occurs concurrently with our own insertion, the code could fail with “buffer NNNN is not owned by resource owner”.
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Changes
Avoid failure with partitioned SP-GiST indexes (Tom Lane) §
Trying to use an index of this kind could lead to “No such file or directory” errors.
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Changes
Fix ownership change reporting for large objects (Tom Lane) §
A no-op ALTER LARGE OBJECT OWNER command (that is, one selecting the existing owner) passed the wrong class ID to the PostAlterHook, probably confusing any extension using that hook.
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Changes
Fix reporting of I/O timing data in EXPLAIN (BUFFERS) (Michael Paquier) §
The numbers labeled as “shared/local” actually refer only to shared buffers, so change that label to “shared”.
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Changes
Ensure durability of CREATE DATABASE (Noah Misch) § §
If an operating system crash occurred during or shortly after CREATE DATABASE, recovery could fail, or subsequent connections to the new database could fail. If a base backup was taken in that window, similar problems could be observed when trying to use the backup. The symptom would be that the database directory, PG_VERSION file, or pg_filenode.map file was missing or empty.
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Changes
Add more LOG messages when starting and ending recovery from a backup (Andres Freund) §
This change provides additional information in the postmaster log that may be useful for diagnosing recovery problems.
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Changes
Prevent standby servers from incorrectly processing dead index tuples during subtransactions (Fei Changhong) §
The startedInRecovery flag was not correctly set for a subtransaction. This affects only processing of dead index tuples. It could allow a query in a subtransaction to ignore index entries that it should return (if they are already dead on the primary server, but not dead to the standby transaction), or to prematurely mark index entries as dead that are not yet dead on the primary. It is not clear that the latter case has any serious consequences, but it's not the intended behavior.
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Changes
Fix integer overflow hazard in checking whether a record will fit into the WAL decoding buffer (Thomas Munro) §
This bug appears to be only latent except when running a 32-bit PostgreSQL build on a 64-bit platform.
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Changes
Fix deadlock between a logical replication apply worker, its tablesync worker, and a session process trying to alter the subscription (Shlok Kyal) §
One edge of the deadlock loop did not involve a lock wait, so the deadlock went undetected and would persist until manual intervention.
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Changes
Ensure that column default values are correctly transmitted by the pgoutput logical replication plugin (Nikhil Benesch) §
ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN with a constant default value for the new column avoids rewriting existing tuples, instead expecting that reading code will insert the correct default into a tuple that lacks that column. If replication was subsequently initiated on the table, pgoutput would transmit NULL instead of the correct default for such a column, causing incorrect replication on the subscriber.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix failure of logical replication's initial sync for a table with no columns (Vignesh C) §
This case generated an improperly-formatted COPY command.
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Changes
Prevent examining system catalogs with the wrong snapshot during logical decoding (Fei Changhong) §
If decoding begins partway through a transaction that modifies system catalogs, the decoder may not recognize that, causing it to fail to treat that transaction as in-progress for catalog lookups. This fix deals with the case that a top-level transaction is already marked as containing catalog changes, but its subtransaction(s) are not.
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Changes
Return the correct status code when a new client disconnects without responding to the server's password challenge (Liu Lang, Tom Lane) §
In some cases we'd treat this as a loggable error, which was not the intention and tends to create log spam, since common clients like psql frequently do this. It may also confuse extensions that use ClientAuthentication_hook.
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Changes
Fix incompatibility with OpenSSL 3.2 (Tristan Partin, Bo Andreson) §
Use the BIO “app_data” field for our private storage, instead of assuming it's okay to use the “data” field. This mistake didn't cause problems before, but with 3.2 it leads to crashes and complaints about double frees.
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Changes
Be more wary about OpenSSL not setting errno on error (Tom Lane) §
If errno isn't set, assume the cause of the reported failure is read EOF. This fixes rare cases of strange error reports like “could not accept SSL connection: Success”.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix file descriptor leakage when a foreign data wrapper's ForeignAsyncRequest function fails (Heikki Linnakangas) §
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Changes
Report ENOMEM errors from file-related system calls as ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY, not ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR (Alexander Kuzmenkov) §
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Changes
In PL/pgSQL, support SQL commands that are CREATE FUNCTION/CREATE PROCEDURE with SQL-standard bodies (Tom Lane) §
Previously, such cases failed with parsing errors due to the semicolon(s) appearing in the function body.
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Changes
Fix libpq's handling of errors in pipelines (Álvaro Herrera) § §
The pipeline state could get out of sync if an error is returned for reasons other than a query problem (for example, if the connection is lost). Potentially this would lead to a busy-loop in the calling application.
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Changes
Make libpq's PQsendFlushRequest() function flush the client output buffer under the same rules as other PQsend functions (Jelte Fennema-Nio) §
In pipeline mode, it may still be necessary to call PQflush() as well; but this change removes some inconsistency.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid race condition when libpq initializes OpenSSL support concurrently in two different threads (Willi Mann, Michael Paquier) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix timing-dependent failure in GSSAPI data transmission (Tom Lane) §
When using GSSAPI encryption in non-blocking mode, libpq sometimes failed with “GSSAPI caller failed to retransmit all data needing to be retried”.
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Changes
In pg_dump, don't dump RLS policies or security labels for extension member objects (Tom Lane, Jacob Champion) § §
Previously, commands would be included in the dump to set these properties, which is really incorrect since they should be considered as internal affairs of the extension. Moreover, the restoring user might not have adequate privilege to set them, and indeed the dumping user might not have enough privilege to dump them (since dumping RLS policies requires acquiring lock on their table).
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Changes
In pg_dump, don't dump an extended statistics object if its underlying table isn't being dumped (Rian McGuire, Tom Lane) §
This conforms to the behavior for other dependent objects such as indexes.
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Changes
Make it an error for a pgbench script to end with an open pipeline (Anthonin Bonnefoy) §
Previously, pgbench would behave oddly if a \startpipeline command lacked a matching \endpipeline. This seems like a scripting mistake rather than a case that pgbench needs to handle nicely, so throw an error.
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Changes
Fix crash in contrib/intarray if an array with an element equal to INT_MAX is inserted into a gist__int_ops index (Alexander Lakhin, Tom Lane) §
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Changes
Report a better error when contrib/pageinspect's hash_bitmap_info() function is applied to a partitioned hash index (Alexander Lakhin, Michael Paquier) §
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Changes
Report a better error when contrib/pgstattuple's pgstathashindex() function is applied to a partitioned hash index (Alexander Lakhin) §
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Changes
On Windows, suppress autorun options when launching subprocesses in pg_ctl and pg_regress (Kyotaro Horiguchi) § §
When launching a child process via cmd.exe, pass the /D flag to prevent executing any autorun commands specified in the registry. This avoids possibly-surprising side effects.
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Changes
Move is_valid_ascii() from mb/pg_wchar.h to utils/ascii.h (Jubilee Young) §
This change avoids the need to include <simd.h> in pg_wchar.h, which was causing problems for some third-party code.
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Changes
Fix compilation failures with libxml2 version 2.12.0 and later (Tom Lane) §
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Changes
Fix compilation failure of WAL_DEBUG code on Windows (Bharath Rupireddy) §
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Changes
Suppress compiler warnings from Python's header files (Peter Eisentraut, Tom Lane) §
Our preferred compiler options provoke warnings about constructs appearing in recent versions of Python's header files. When using gcc, we can suppress these warnings with a pragma.
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Changes
Avoid deprecation warning when compiling with LLVM 18 (Thomas Munro) §
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Changes
Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2024a for DST law changes in Greenland, Kazakhstan, and Palestine, plus corrections for the Antarctic stations Casey and Vostok. Also historical corrections for Vietnam, Toronto, and Miquelon. (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, several mistakes have been discovered that could lead to certain types of indexes yielding wrong search results or being unnecessarily inefficient. It is advisable to REINDEX potentially-affected indexes after installing this update. See the fourth through seventh changelog entries below.
Also, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.4, see Section E.16.
Changes
Fix handling of unknown-type arguments in DISTINCT "any" aggregate functions (Tom Lane) §
This error led to a text-type value being interpreted as an unknown-type value (that is, a zero-terminated string) at runtime. This could result in disclosure of server memory following the text value.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Jingzhou Fu for reporting this problem. (CVE-2023-5868)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Detect integer overflow while computing new array dimensions (Tom Lane) §
When assigning new elements to array subscripts that are outside the current array bounds, an undetected integer overflow could occur in edge cases. Memory stomps that are potentially exploitable for arbitrary code execution are possible, and so is disclosure of server memory.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Pedro Gallegos for reporting this problem. (CVE-2023-5869)
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Changes
Prevent the pg_signal_backend role from signalling background workers and autovacuum processes (Noah Misch, Jelte Fennema-Nio) § §
The documentation says that pg_signal_backend cannot issue signals to superuser-owned processes. It was able to signal these background processes, though, because they advertise a role OID of zero. Treat that as indicating superuser ownership. The security implications of cancelling one of these process types are fairly small so far as the core code goes (we'll just start another one), but extensions might add background workers that are more vulnerable.
Also ensure that the is_superuser parameter is set correctly in such processes. No specific security consequences are known for that oversight, but it might be significant for some extensions.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Hemanth Sandrana and Mahendrakar Srinivasarao for reporting this problem. (CVE-2023-5870)
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Changes
Fix misbehavior during recursive page split in GiST index build (Heikki Linnakangas) §
Fix a case where the location of a page downlink was incorrectly tracked, and introduce some logic to allow recovering from such situations rather than silently doing the wrong thing. This error could result in incorrect answers from subsequent index searches. It may be advisable to reindex all GiST indexes after installing this update.
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Changes
Prevent de-duplication of btree index entries for interval columns (Noah Misch) §
There are interval values that are distinguishable but compare equal, for example 24:00:00 and 1 day. This breaks assumptions made by btree de-duplication, so interval columns need to be excluded from de-duplication. This oversight can cause incorrect results from index-only scans. Moreover, after updating amcheck will report an error for almost all such indexes. Users should reindex any btree indexes on interval columns.
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Changes
Process date values more sanely in BRIN datetime_minmax_multi_ops indexes (Tomas Vondra) §
The distance calculation for dates was backward, causing poor decisions about which entries to merge. The index still produces correct results, but is much less efficient than it should be. Reindexing BRIN minmax_multi indexes on date columns is advisable.
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Changes
Process large timestamp and timestamptz values more sanely in BRIN datetime_minmax_multi_ops indexes (Tomas Vondra) § §
Infinities were mistakenly treated as having distance zero rather than a large distance from other values, causing poor decisions about which entries to merge. Also, finite-but-very-large values (near the endpoints of the representable timestamp range) could result in internal overflows, again causing poor decisions. The index still produces correct results, but is much less efficient than it should be. Reindexing BRIN minmax_multi indexes on timestamp and timestamptz columns is advisable if the column contains, or has contained, infinities or large finite values.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid calculation overflows in BRIN interval_minmax_multi_ops indexes with extreme interval values (Tomas Vondra) §
This bug might have caused unexpected failures while trying to insert large interval values into such an index.
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Changes
Fix partition step generation and runtime partition pruning for hash-partitioned tables with multiple partition keys (David Rowley) § §
Some cases involving an IS NULL condition on one of the partition keys could result in a crash.
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Changes
Fix inconsistent rechecking of concurrently-updated rows during MERGE (Dean Rasheed) §
In READ COMMITTED mode, an update that finds that its target row was just updated by a concurrent transaction will recheck the query's WHERE conditions on the updated row. MERGE failed to ensure that the proper rows of other joined tables were used during this recheck, possibly resulting in incorrect decisions about whether the newly-updated row should be updated again by MERGE.
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Changes
Correctly identify the target table in an inherited UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE even when the parent table is excluded by constraints (Amit Langote, Tom Lane) §
If the initially-named table is excluded by constraints, but not all its inheritance descendants are, the first non-excluded descendant was identified as the primary target table. This would lead to firing statement-level triggers associated with that table, rather than the initially-named table as should happen. In v16, the same oversight could also lead to “invalid perminfoindex 0 in RTE with relid NNNN” errors.
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Changes
Fix edge case in btree mark/restore processing of ScalarArrayOpExpr clauses (Peter Geoghegan) §
When restoring an indexscan to a previously marked position, the code could miss required setup steps if the scan had advanced exactly to the end of the matches for a ScalarArrayOpExpr (that is, an indexcol = ANY(ARRAY[])) clause. This could result in missing some rows that should have been fetched.
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Changes
Fix intra-query memory leak in Memoize execution (Orlov Aleksej, David Rowley) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix intra-query memory leak when a set-returning function repeatedly returns zero rows (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Don't crash if cursor_to_xmlschema() is applied to a non-data-returning Portal (Boyu Yang) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Throw the intended error if pgrowlocks() is applied to a partitioned table (David Rowley) §
Previously, a not-on-point complaint “only heap AM is supported” would be raised.
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Changes
Handle invalid indexes more cleanly in assorted SQL functions (Noah Misch) §
Report an error if pgstatindex(), pgstatginindex(), pgstathashindex(), or pgstattuple() is applied to an invalid index. If brin_desummarize_range(), brin_summarize_new_values(), brin_summarize_range(), or gin_clean_pending_list() is applied to an invalid index, do nothing except to report a debug-level message. Formerly these functions attempted to process the index, and might fail in strange ways depending on what the failed CREATE INDEX had left behind.
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Changes
Fix pg_stat_reset_single_table_counters() to do the right thing for a shared catalog (Masahiro Ikeda) §
Previously the reset would be ineffective.
Changes
Avoid premature memory allocation failure with long inputs to to_tsvector() (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix over-allocation of the constructed tsvector in tsvectorrecv() (Denis Erokhin) §
If the incoming vector includes position data, the binary receive function left wasted space (roughly equal to the size of the position data) in the finished tsvector. In extreme cases this could lead to “maximum total lexeme length exceeded” failures for vectors that were under the length limit when emitted. In any case it could lead to wasted space on-disk.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix incorrect coding in gtsvector_picksplit() (Alexander Lakhin) §
This could lead to poor page-split decisions in GiST indexes on tsvector columns.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Improve checks for corrupt PGLZ compressed data (Flavien Guedez) §
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Changes
In COPY FROM, fail cleanly when an unsupported encoding conversion is needed (Tom Lane) §
Recent refactoring accidentally removed the intended error check for this, such that it ended in “cache lookup failed for function 0” instead of a useful error message.
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Changes
Avoid crash in EXPLAIN if a parameter marked to be displayed by EXPLAIN has a NULL boot-time value (Xing Guo, Aleksander Alekseev, Tom Lane) §
No built-in parameter fits this description, but an extension could define such a parameter.
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Changes
Ensure we have a snapshot while dropping ON COMMIT DROP temp tables (Tom Lane) §
This prevents possible misbehavior if any catalog entries for the temp tables have fields wide enough to require toasting (such as a very complex CHECK condition).
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid improper response to shutdown signals in child processes just forked by system() (Nathan Bossart) §
This fix avoids a race condition in which a child process that has been forked off by system(), but hasn't yet exec'd the intended child program, might receive and act on a signal intended for the parent server process. That would lead to duplicate cleanup actions being performed, which will not end well.
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Changes
Cope with torn reads of pg_control in frontend programs (Thomas Munro) §
On some file systems, reading pg_control may not be an atomic action when the server concurrently writes that file. This is detectable via a bad CRC. Retry a few times to see if the file becomes valid before we report error.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid torn reads of pg_control in relevant SQL functions (Thomas Munro) §
Acquire the appropriate lock before reading pg_control, to ensure we get a consistent view of that file.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid integer overflow when computing size of backend activity string array (Jakub Wartak) §
On 64-bit machines we will allow values of track_activity_query_size large enough to cause 32-bit overflow when multiplied by the allowed number of connections. The code actually allocating the per-backend local array was careless about this though, and allocated the array incorrectly.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix briefly showing inconsistent progress statistics for ANALYZE on inherited tables (Heikki Linnakangas) §
The block-level counters should be reset to zero at the same time we update the current-relation field.
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Changes
Fix the background writer to report any WAL writes it makes to the statistics counters (Nazir Bilal Yavuz) §
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Changes
Fix confusion about forced-flush behavior in pgstat_report_wal() (Ryoga Yoshida, Michael Paquier) §
This could result in some statistics about WAL I/O being forgotten in a shutdown.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Track the dependencies of cached CALL statements, and re-plan them when needed (Tom Lane) §
DDL commands, such as replacement of a function that has been inlined into a CALL argument, can create the need to re-plan a CALL that has been cached by PL/pgSQL. That was not happening, leading to misbehavior or strange errors such as “cache lookup failed”.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid a possible pfree-a-NULL-pointer crash after an error in OpenSSL connection setup (Sergey Shinderuk) §
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Changes
Track nesting depth correctly when inspecting RECORD-type Vars from outer query levels (Richard Guo) §
This oversight could lead to assertion failures, core dumps, or “bogus varno” errors.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Track hash function and negator function dependencies of ScalarArrayOpExpr plan nodes (David Rowley) §
In most cases this oversight was harmless, since these functions would be unlikely to disappear while the node's original operator remains present.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix error-handling bug in RECORD type cache management (Thomas Munro) §
An out-of-memory error occurring at just the wrong point could leave behind inconsistent state that would lead to an infinite loop.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix assertion failure when logical decoding is retried in the same session after an error (Hou Zhijie) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Treat out-of-memory failures as fatal while reading WAL (Michael Paquier) §
Previously this would be treated as a bogus-data condition, leading to the conclusion that we'd reached the end of WAL, which is incorrect and could lead to inconsistent WAL replay.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix possible recovery failure due to trying to allocate memory based on a bogus WAL record length field (Thomas Munro, Michael Paquier) § §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix race condition in database dropping that could lead to the autovacuum launcher getting stuck (Andres Freund, Will Mortensen, Jacob Speidel) §
The race could lead to a statistics entry for the removed database remaining present, confusing the launcher's selection of which database to process.
Changes
Fix datatype size confusion in logical tape management (Ranier Vilela) §
Integer overflow was possible on platforms where long is wider than int, although it would take a multiple-terabyte temporary file to cause a problem.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid unintended close of syslogger process's stdin (Heikki Linnakangas) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid doing plan cache revalidation of utility statements that do not receive interesting processing during parse analysis (Tom Lane) §
Aside from saving a few cycles, this prevents failure after a cache invalidation for statements that must not set a snapshot, such as SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Keep by-reference attmissingval values in a long-lived context while they are being used (Andrew Dunstan) §
This avoids possible use of dangling pointers when a tuple slot outlives the tuple descriptor with which its value was constructed.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Recalculate the effective value of search_path after ALTER ROLE (Jeff Davis) § §
This ensures that after renaming a role, the meaning of the special string $user is re-determined.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix “could not duplicate handle” error occurring on Windows when min_dynamic_shared_memory is set above zero (Thomas Munro) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix order of operations in GenericXLogFinish (Jeff Davis) §
This code violated the conditions required for crash safety by writing WAL before marking changed buffers dirty. No core code uses this function, but extensions do (contrib/bloom does, for example).
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Remove incorrect assertion in PL/Python exception handling (Alexander Lakhin) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix pg_restore so that selective restores will include both table-level and column-level ACLs for selected tables (Euler Taveira, Tom Lane) §
Formerly, only the table-level ACL would get restored if both types were present.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Add logic to pg_upgrade to check for use of abstime, reltime, and tinterval data types (Álvaro Herrera) § §
These obsolete data types were removed in PostgreSQL version 12, so check to make sure they aren't present in an older database before claiming it can be upgraded.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid generating invalid temporary slot names in pg_basebackup (Jelte Fennema) §
This has only been seen to occur when the server connection runs through pgbouncer.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid false “too many client connections” errors in pgbench on Windows (Noah Misch) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In contrib/amcheck, do not report interrupted page deletion as corruption (Noah Misch) §
This fix prevents false-positive reports of “the first child of leftmost target page is not leftmost of its level”, “block NNNN is not leftmost” or “left link/right link pair in index XXXX not in agreement”. They appeared if amcheck ran after an unfinished btree index page deletion and before VACUUM had cleaned things up.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix failure of contrib/btree_gin indexes on interval columns, when an indexscan using the < or <= operator is performed (Dean Rasheed) §
Such an indexscan failed to return all the entries it should.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Suppress assorted build-time warnings on recent macOS (Tom Lane) § §
Xcode 15 (released with macOS Sonoma) changed the linker's behavior in a way that causes many duplicate-library warnings while building PostgreSQL. These were harmless, but they're annoying so avoid citing the same libraries twice. Also remove use of the -multiply_defined suppress linker switch, which apparently has been a no-op for a long time, and is now actively complained of.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
When building contrib/unaccent's rules file, fall back to using python if --with-python was not given and make variable PYTHON was not set (Japin Li) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Remove PHOT (Phoenix Islands Time) from the default timezone abbreviations list (Tom Lane) §
Presence of this abbreviation in the default list can cause failures on recent Debian and Ubuntu releases, as they no longer install the underlying tzdb entry by default. Since this is a made-up abbreviation for a zone with a total human population of about two dozen, it seems unlikely that anyone will miss it. If someone does, they can put it back via a custom abbreviations file.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, if you use BRIN indexes, it may be advisable to reindex them; see the third changelog entry below.
Also, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.1, see Section E.19.
Changes
Disallow substituting a schema or owner name into an extension script if the name contains a quote, backslash, or dollar sign (Noah Misch) §
This restriction guards against SQL-injection hazards for trusted extensions.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Micah Gates, Valerie Woolard, Tim Carey-Smith, and Christoph Berg for reporting this problem. (CVE-2023-39417)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix MERGE to enforce row security policies properly (Dean Rasheed) §
When MERGE performs an UPDATE action, it should enforce any UPDATE or SELECT RLS policies defined on the target table, to be consistent with the way that a plain UPDATE with a WHERE clause works. Instead it was enforcing INSERT RLS policies for both INSERT and UPDATE actions.
In addition, when MERGE performs a DO NOTHING action, it applied the target table's DELETE RLS policies to existing rows, even though those rows are not being deleted. While it's not a security problem, this could result in unwanted errors.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Dean Rasheed for reporting this problem. (CVE-2023-39418)
Changes
Fix confusion between empty (no rows) ranges and all-NULL ranges in BRIN indexes, as well as incorrect merging of all-NULL summaries (Tomas Vondra) § §
Each of these oversights could result in forgetting that a BRIN index range contains any NULL values, potentially allowing subsequent queries that should return NULL values to miss doing so.
This fix will not in itself correct faulty BRIN entries. It's recommended to REINDEX any BRIN indexes that may be used to search for nulls.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid leaving a corrupted database behind when DROP DATABASE is interrupted (Andres Freund) §
If DROP DATABASE was interrupted after it had already begun taking irreversible steps, the target database remained accessible (because the removal of its pg_database row would roll back), but it would have corrupt contents. Fix by marking the database as inaccessible before we begin to perform irreversible operations. A failure after that will leave the database still partially present, but nothing can be done with it except to issue another DROP DATABASE.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure that partitioned indexes are correctly marked as valid or not at creation (Michael Paquier) §
If a new partitioned index matches an existing but invalid index on one of the partitions, the partitioned index could end up being marked valid prematurely. This could lead to misbehavior or assertion failures in subsequent queries on the partitioned table.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ignore invalid child indexes when matching partitioned indexes to child indexes during ALTER TABLE ATTACH PARTITION (Michael Paquier) §
Such an index will now be ignored, and a new child index created instead.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix possible failure when marking a partitioned index valid after all of its partitions have been attached (Michael Paquier) §
The update of the index's pg_index entry could use stale data for other columns. One reported symptom is an “attempted to update invisible tuple” error.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix ALTER EXTENSION SET SCHEMA to complain if the extension contains any objects outside the extension's schema (Michael Paquier, Heikki Linnakangas) §
Erroring out if the extension contains objects in multiple schemas was always intended; but the check was mis-coded so that it would fail to detect some cases, leading to surprising behavior.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix tracking of tables' access method dependencies (Michael Paquier) §
ALTER TABLE ... SET ACCESS METHOD failed to update relevant pg_depend entries when changing a table's access method. When using non-built-in access methods, this creates a risk that an access method could be dropped even though tables still depend on it. This fix corrects the logic in ALTER TABLE, but it will not adjust any already-missing pg_depend entries.
Changes
Don't use partial unique indexes for uniqueness proofs in the planner (David Rowley) §
This could give rise to incorrect plans, since the presumed uniqueness of rows read from a table might not hold if the index in question isn't used to scan the table.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Don't Memoize lateral joins with volatile join conditions (Richard Guo) §
Applying Memoize to a sub-plan that contains volatile filter conditions is likely to lead to wrong answers. The check to avoid doing this missed some cases that can arise when using LATERAL.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid producing incorrect plans for foreign joins with pseudoconstant join clauses (Etsuro Fujita) §
The planner currently lacks support for attaching pseudoconstant join clauses to a pushed-down remote join, so disable generation of remote joins in such cases. (A better solution will require ABI-breaking changes of planner data structures, so it will have to wait for a future major release.)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Correctly handle sub-SELECTs in RLS policy expressions and security-barrier views when expanding rule actions (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix race conditions in conflict detection for SERIALIZABLE isolation mode (Thomas Munro) § § §
Conflicts could be missed when using bitmap heap scans, when using GIN indexes, and when examining an initially-empty btree index. All these cases could lead to serializability failures due to improperly allowing conflicting transactions to commit.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix misbehavior of EvalPlanQual checks with inherited or partitioned target tables (Tom Lane) §
This oversight could lead to update or delete actions in READ COMMITTED isolation mode getting performed when they should have been skipped because of a conflicting concurrent update.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix hash join with an inner-side hash key that contains Params coming from an outer nested loop (Tom Lane) §
When rescanning the join after the values of such Params have changed, we must rebuild the hash table, but neglected to do so. This could result in missing join output rows.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix intermittent failures when trying to update a field of a composite column (Tom Lane) §
If the overall value of the composite column is wide enough to require out-of-line toasting, then an unluckily-timed cache flush could cause errors or server crashes.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent query-lifespan memory leaks when an Incremental Sort plan node is rescanned (James Coleman, Laurenz Albe, Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Accept fractional seconds in the input to jsonpath's datetime() method (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent stack-overflow crashes with very complex text search patterns (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Allow tokens up to 10240 bytes long in pg_hba.conf and pg_ident.conf (Tom Lane) §
The previous limit of 256 bytes has been found insufficient for some use-cases.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure that all existing placeholders are checked for matches when an extension declares its GUC prefix to be reserved (Karina Litskevich, Ekaterina Sokolova) §
Faulty loop logic could cause some entries to be skipped.
Changes
Fix mishandling of C++ out-of-memory conditions (Heikki Linnakangas) §
If JIT is in use, running out of memory in a C++ new call would lead to a PostgreSQL FATAL error, instead of the expected C++ exception.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix rare null-pointer crash in plancache.c (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid leaking a stats entry for a subscription when it is dropped (Masahiko Sawada) §
Changes
Avoid losing track of possibly-useful shared memory segments when a page free results in coalescing ranges of free space (Dongming Liu) §
Ensure that the segment is moved into the appropriate “bin” for its new amount of free space, so that it will be found by subsequent searches.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Allow VACUUM to continue after detecting certain types of b-tree index corruption (Peter Geoghegan) § §
If an invalid sibling-page link is detected, log the issue and press on, rather than throwing an error as before. Nothing short of REINDEX will fix the broken index, but preventing VACUUM from completing until that is done risks making matters far worse.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure that WrapLimitsVacuumLock is released after VACUUM detects invalid data in pg_database.datfrozenxid or pg_database.datminmxid (Andres Freund) §
Failure to release this lock could lead to a deadlock later, although the lock would be cleaned up if the session exits or encounters some other error.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid double replay of prepared transactions during crash recovery (suyu.cmj, Michael Paquier) § §
After a crash partway through a checkpoint with some two-phase transaction state data already flushed to disk by this checkpoint, crash recovery could attempt to replay the prepared transaction(s) twice, leading to a fatal error such as “lock is already held” in the startup process.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure that a newly created, but still empty table is fsync'ed at the next checkpoint (Heikki Linnakangas) §
Without this, if there is an operating system crash causing the empty file to disappear, subsequent operations on the table might fail with “could not open file” errors.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure that creation of the init fork of an unlogged index is WAL-logged (Heikki Linnakangas) §
While an unlogged index's main data fork is not WAL-logged, its init fork should be, to ensure that we have a consistent state to restore the index to after a crash. This step was missed if the init fork contains no data, which is a case not used by any standard index AM; but perhaps some extension behaves that way.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Silence bogus “missing contrecord” errors (Thomas Munro) §
Treat this case as plain end-of-WAL to avoid logging inaccurate complaints from pg_waldump and walsender.
Changes
Fix overly strict assertion in jsonpath code (David Rowley) §
This assertion failed if a query applied the .type() operator to a like_regex result. There was no bug in non-assert builds.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid assertion failure when processing an empty statement via the extended query protocol in an already-aborted transaction (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid assertion failure when the stats_fetch_consistency setting is changed intra-transaction (Kyotaro Horiguchi) §
Changes
Fix contrib/fuzzystrmatch's Soundex difference() function to handle empty input sanely (Alexander Lakhin, Tom Lane) §
An input string containing no alphabetic characters resulted in unpredictable output.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Tighten whitespace checks in contrib/hstore input (Evan Jones) §
In some cases, characters would be falsely recognized as whitespace and hence discarded.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Disallow oversize input arrays with contrib/intarray's gist__int_ops index opclass (Ankit Kumar Pandey, Alexander Lakhin) §
Previously this code would report a NOTICE but press on anyway, creating an invalid index entry that presents a risk of crashes when the index is read.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid useless double decompression of GiST index entries in contrib/intarray (Konstantin Knizhnik, Matthias van de Meent, Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix contrib/pageinspect's gist_page_items() function to work when there are included index columns (Alexander Lakhin, Michael Paquier) §
Previously, if the index has included columns, gist_page_items() would fail to display those values on index leaf pages, or crash outright on non-leaf pages.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In psql, ignore the PSQL_WATCH_PAGER environment variable when stdin/stdout are not a terminal (Tom Lane) §
This corresponds to the treatment of PSQL_PAGER in commands besides \watch.
Changes
Fix pg_dump to correctly handle new-style SQL-language functions whose bodies require parse-time dependencies on unique indexes (Tom Lane) §
Such cases can arise from GROUP BY and ON CONFLICT clauses, for example. The function must then be postponed until after the unique index in the dump output, but pg_dump did not do that and instead printed a warning about “could not resolve dependency loop”.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Improve pg_dump's display of details about dependency-loop problems (Tom Lane) §
Changes
Avoid crash in pgbench with an empty pipeline and prepared mode (Álvaro Herrera) §
Changes
Ensure that pg_index.indisreplident is kept up-to-date in relation cache entries (Shruthi Gowda) §
This value could be stale in some cases. There is no core code that relies on the relation cache's copy, so this is only a latent bug as far as Postgres itself is concerned; but there may be extensions for which it is a live bug.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix make_etags script to work with non-Exuberant ctags (Masahiko Sawada) §
A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.1, see Section E.19.
Changes
Prevent CREATE SCHEMA from defeating changes in search_path (Alexander Lakhin) § §
Within a CREATE SCHEMA command, objects in the prevailing search_path, as well as those in the newly-created schema, would be visible even within a called function or script that attempted to set a secure search_path. This could allow any user having permission to create a schema to hijack the privileges of a security definer function or extension script.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Alexander Lakhin for reporting this problem. (CVE-2023-2454)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Enforce row-level security policies correctly after inlining a set-returning function (Stephen Frost, Tom Lane) §
If a set-returning SQL-language function refers to a table having row-level security policies, and it can be inlined into a calling query, those RLS policies would not get enforced properly in some cases involving re-using a cached plan under a different role. This could allow a user to see or modify rows that should have been invisible.
The PostgreSQL Project thanks Wolfgang Walther for reporting this problem. (CVE-2023-2455)
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix potential corruption of the template (source) database after CREATE DATABASE with the STRATEGY WAL_LOG option (Nathan Bossart, Ryo Matsumura) §
Improper buffer handling created a risk that any later modification of the template's pg_class catalog would be lost.
Changes
Fix memory leakage and unnecessary disk reads during CREATE DATABASE with the STRATEGY WAL_LOG option (Andres Freund) §
Changes
Avoid crash when the new schema name is omitted in CREATE SCHEMA (Michael Paquier) §
The SQL standard allows writing CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION , with the schema name defaulting to owner_nameowner_name. However some code paths expected the schema name to be present and would fail.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix the row count reported by MERGE for some corner cases (Dean Rasheed) § §
The row count reported in the command tag counted rows that actually hadn't been modified due to a BEFORE ROW trigger returning NULL. This is inconsistent with what happens in plain UPDATE or DELETE, so change it to not count such rows. Also, avoid counting a row twice when MERGE moves it into a different partition of a partitioned table.
Changes
Add support for decompiling MERGE commands (Álvaro Herrera) §
This was overlooked when MERGE was added, but it's essential support for MERGE in new-style SQL functions.
Changes
Fix enabling/disabling of foreign-key triggers in partitioned tables (Tom Lane) §
ALTER TABLE ... ENABLE/DISABLE TRIGGER failed if applied to a partitioned table's foreign-key enforcement triggers, because it tried to locate the clone triggers for the partitions by name, and they do not have the same name. Locate them by parent-trigger OID instead.
Changes
Disallow altering composite types that are stored in indexes (Tom Lane) §
ALTER TYPE disallows non-binary-compatible modifications of composite types if they are stored in any table columns. (Perhaps that will be allowed someday, but it hasn't happened yet; the locking implications of rewriting many tables are daunting.) We overlooked the possibility that an index might contain a composite type that doesn't also appear in its table.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Disallow system columns as elements of foreign keys (Tom Lane) §
Since the removal of OID as a system column, there is no plausible use-case for this, and various bits of code no longer support it. Disallow it rather than trying to fix all the cases.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure that COPY TO from an RLS-enabled parent table does not copy any rows from child tables (Antonin Houska) §
The documentation is quite clear that COPY TO copies rows from only the named table, not any inheritance children it may have. However, if row-level security was enabled on the table then this stopped being true.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid possible crash when array_position() or array_positions() is passed an empty array (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix possible out-of-bounds fetch in to_char() (Tom Lane) §
With bad luck this could have resulted in a server crash.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid buffer overread in translate() function (Daniil Anisimov) §
When using the deletion feature, the function might fetch the byte just after the input string, creating a small risk of crash.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Adjust text-search-related character classification logic to correctly detect whether the prevailing locale is C (Jeff Davis) §
This code got confused if the database's default collation uses ICU.
Changes
Avoid possible crash on empty input for type interval (Tom Lane) §
Changes
Re-allow exponential notation in ISO-8601 interval fields (Tom Lane) §
Interval input like P0.1e10D isn't officially sanctioned by ISO-8601, but we accepted it for a long time before version 15, so re-allow it.
Changes
Fix error cursor setting for parse errors in JSON string literals (Tom Lane) §
Most cases in which a syntax error is detected in a string literal within a JSON value failed to set the error cursor appropriately. This led at least to an unhelpful error message (pointing to the token before the string, rather than the actual trouble spot), and could even result in a crash in v14 and later.
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Changes
Fix data corruption due to vacuum_defer_cleanup_age being larger than the current 64-bit xid (Andres Freund) §
In v14 and later with non-default settings of vacuum_defer_cleanup_age, it was possible to compute a very large vacuum cleanup horizon xid, leading to vacuum removing rows that are still live. v12 and v13 have a lesser form of the same problem affecting only GiST indexes, which could lead to index pages getting recycled too early.
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Changes
Fix parser's failure to detect some cases of improperly-nested aggregates (Tom Lane) §
This oversight could lead to executor failures for queries that should have been rejected as invalid.
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Changes
Fix data structure corruption during parsing of serial SEQUENCE NAME options (David Rowley) §
This can lead to trouble if an event trigger captures the corrupted parse tree.
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Changes
Correctly update plan nodes' parallel-safety markings when moving initplans from one node to another (Tom Lane) §
This planner oversight could lead to “subplan was not initialized” errors at runtime.
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Changes
Avoid failure with PlaceHolderVars in extended-statistics code (Tom Lane) §
Use of dependency-type extended statistics could fail with “PlaceHolderVar found where not expected”.
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Changes
Fix incorrect tests for whether a qual clause applied to a subquery can be transformed into a window aggregate “run condition” within the subquery (David Rowley) §
A SubPlan within such a clause would cause assertion failures or incorrect answers, as would some other unusual cases.
Changes
Disable the inverse-transition optimization for window aggregates when the call contains sub-SELECTs (David Rowley) §
This optimization requires that the aggregate's argument expressions have repeatable results, which might not hold for a sub-SELECT.
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Changes
Fix oversights in execution of nested ARRAY[] constructs (Alexander Lakhin, Tom Lane) §
Correctly detect overflow of the total space needed for the result array, avoiding a possible crash due to undersized output allocation. Also ensure that any trailing padding space in the result array is zeroed; while leaving garbage there is harmless for most purposes, it can result in odd behavior later.
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Changes
Prevent crash when updating a field within an array-of-domain-over-composite-type column (Dmitry Dolgov) §
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Changes
Fix partition pruning logic for partitioning on boolean columns (David Rowley) §
Pruning with a condition like boolcol IS NOT TRUE was done incorrectly, leading to possibly not returning rows in which boolcol is NULL. Also, the rather unlikely case of partitioning on NOT boolcol was handled incorrectly.
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Changes
Fix race condition in per-batch cleanup during parallel hash join (Thomas Munro, Melanie Plageman) §
A crash was possible given unlucky timing and parallel_leader_participation = off (which is not the default).
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Changes
Recalculate GENERATED columns after an EvalPlanQual check (Tom Lane) §
In READ COMMITTED isolation mode, the effects of a row update might need to get reapplied to a newer version of the row than the query found originally. If so, we need to recompute any GENERATED columns, in case they depend on columns that were changed by the concurrent update.
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Changes
Fix memory leak in Memoize plan execution (David Rowley) §
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Changes
Fix buffer refcount leak when using batched inserts for a foreign table included in a partitioned tree (Alexander Pyhalov) §
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Changes
Restore support for sub-millisecond vacuum_cost_delay settings (Thomas Munro) §
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Changes
Don't balance vacuum cost delay when a table has a per-relation vacuum_cost_delay setting of zero (Masahiko Sawada) §
Delay balancing is supposed to be disabled whenever autovacuum is processing a table with a per-relation vacuum_cost_delay setting, but this was done only for positive settings, not zero.
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Changes
Fix corner-case crashes when columns have been added to the end of a view (Tom Lane) §
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Changes
Repair rare failure of MULTIEXPR_SUBLINK subplans in partitioned updates (Andres Freund, Tom Lane) §
Use of the syntax INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE SET (c1, ...) = (SELECT ...) with a partitioned target table could result in failure if any child table is dissimilar from the parent (for example, different physical column order). This typically manifested as failure of consistency checks in the executor; but a crash or incorrect data updates are also possible.
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Changes
Fix handling of DEFAULT markers within a multi-row INSERT ... VALUES query on a view that has a DO ALSO INSERT ... SELECT rule (Dean Rasheed) §
Such cases typically failed with “unrecognized node type” errors or assertion failures.
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Changes
Support references to OLD and NEW within subqueries in rule actions (Dean Rasheed, Tom Lane) §
Such references are really lateral references, but the server could crash if the subquery wasn't explicitly marked with LATERAL. Arrange to do that implicitly when necessary.
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Changes
When decompiling a rule or SQL function body containing INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE within WITH, take care to print the correct alias for the target table (Tom Lane) §
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Changes
Fix glitches in SERIALIZABLE READ ONLY optimization (Thomas Munro) § §
Transactions already marked as “doomed” confused the safe-snapshot optimization for SERIALIZABLE READ ONLY transactions. The optimization was unnecessarily skipped in some cases. In other cases an assertion failure occurred (but there was no problem in non-assert builds).
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Changes
Avoid leaking cache callback slots in the pgoutput logical decoding plugin (Shi Yu) §
Multiple cycles of starting up and shutting down the plugin within a single session would eventually lead to an “out of relcache_callback_list slots” error.
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Changes
Avoid unnecessary calls to custom validators for index operator class options (Alexander Korotkov) §
This change fixes some cases where an unexpected error was thrown.
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Changes
Avoid useless work while scanning a multi-column BRIN index with multiple scan keys (Tomas Vondra) §
The existing code effectively considered only the last scan key while deciding whether a range matched, thus usually scanning more of the index than it needed to.
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Changes
Fix netmask handling in BRIN inet_minmax_multi_ops opclass (Tomas Vondra) §
This error triggered an assertion failure in assert-enabled builds, but is mostly harmless in production builds.
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Changes
Fix dereference of dangling pointer during buffering build of a GiST index (Alexander Lakhin) §
This error seems to usually be harmless in production builds, as the fetched value is noncritical; but in principle it could cause a server crash.
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Changes
Ignore dropped columns and generated columns during logical replication of an update or delete action (Onder Kalaci, Shi Yu) § §
Replication with the REPLICA IDENTITY FULL option failed if the table contained such columns.
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Changes
Correct the name of the wait event for SLRU buffer I/O for commit timestamps (Alexander Lakhin) §
This wait event is named CommitTsBuffer according to the documentation, but the code had it as CommitTSBuffer. Change the code to match the documentation, as that way is more consistent with the naming of related wait events.
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Changes
Re-activate reporting of wait event SLRUFlushSync (Thomas Munro) §
Reporting of this type of wait was accidentally removed in code refactoring.
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Changes
Avoid possible underflow when calculating how many WAL segments to keep (Kyotaro Horiguchi) §
This could result in not honoring wal_keep_size accurately.
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Changes
Disable startup progress reporting overhead in standby mode (Bharath Rupireddy) §
In standby mode, we don't actually report progress of recovery, but we were doing work to track it anyway.
Changes
Support RSA-PSS certificates with SCRAM-SHA-256 channel binding (Jacob Champion, Heikki Linnakangas) §
This feature requires building with OpenSSL 1.1.1 or newer. Both the server and libpq are affected.
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Changes
Avoid race condition with process ID tracking on Windows (Thomas Munro) § § §
The operating system could recycle a PID before the postmaster observed that that child process was gone. This could lead to tracking more than one child with the same PID, resulting in confusion.
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Changes
Fix list_copy_head() to work correctly on an empty List (David Rowley) §
This case is not known to be reached by any core PostgreSQL code, but extensions might rely on it working.
Changes
Add missing cases to SPI_result_code_string() (Dean Rasheed) §
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Changes
Fix erroneous Valgrind markings in AllocSetRealloc() (Karina Litskevich) §
In the unusual case where the size of a large (>8kB) palloc chunk is decreased, a Valgrind-aware build would mismark the defined-ness state of the memory released from the chunk, possibly causing incorrect results during Valgrind testing.
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Changes
Fix assertion failure for MERGE into a partitioned table with row-level security enabled (Dean Rasheed) §
Changes
Avoid assertion failure when decoding a transactional logical replication message (Tomas Vondra) §
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Changes
Avoid locale sensitivity when processing regular expression escapes (Jeff Davis) §
A backslash followed by a non-ASCII character could sometimes cause an assertion failure, depending on the prevailing locale.
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Changes
Avoid trying to write an empty WAL record in log_newpage_range() when the last few pages in the specified range are empty (Matthias van de Meent) §
It is not entirely clear whether this case is reachable in released branches, but if it is then an assertion failure could occur.
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Changes
Fix session-lifespan memory leakage in plpgsql DO blocks that use cast expressions (Ajit Awekar, Tom Lane) §
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Changes
Tighten array dimensionality checks when converting Perl list structures to multi-dimensional SQL arrays (Tom Lane) §
plperl could misbehave when the nesting of sub-lists is inconsistent so that the data does not represent a rectangular array of values. Such cases now produce errors, but previously they could result in a crash or garbage output.
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Changes
Tighten array dimensionality checks when converting Python list structures to multi-dimensional SQL arrays (Tom Lane) § §
plpython could misbehave when dealing with empty sub-lists, or when the nesting of sub-lists is inconsistent so that the data does not represent a rectangular array of values. The former should result in an empty output array, and the latter in an error. But some cases resulted in a crash, and others in unexpected output.
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Changes
Fix unwinding of exception stack in plpython (Xing Guo) §
Some rare failure cases could return without cleaning up the PG_TRY exception stack, risking a crash if another error was raised before the next stack level was unwound.
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Changes
Fix inconsistent GSS-encryption error handling in libpq's PQconnectPoll() (Michael Paquier) §
With gssencmode set to require, the connection was not marked dead after a GSS initialization failure. Make it fail immediately, as the equivalent case for TLS encryption has long done.
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Changes
Fix possible data corruption in ecpg programs built with the -C ORACLE option (Kyotaro Horiguchi) §
When ecpg_get_data() is called with varcharsize set to zero, it could write a terminating zero character into the last byte of the preceding field, truncating the data in that field.
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Changes
Fix pg_dump so that partitioned tables that are hash-partitioned on an enum-type column can be restored successfully (Tom Lane) §
Since the hash codes for enum values depend on the OIDs assigned to the enum, they are typically different after a dump and restore, meaning that rows often need to go into a different partition than they were in originally. Users can work around that by specifying the --load-via-partition-root option; but since there is very little chance of success without that, teach pg_dump to apply it automatically to such tables.
Also, fix pg_restore to not try to TRUNCATE target tables before restoring into them when --load-via-partition-root mode is used. This avoids a hazard of deadlocks and lost data.
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Changes
Correctly detect non-seekable files on Windows (Juan José Santamaría Flecha, Michael Paquier, Daniel Watzinger) § §
This bug led to misbehavior when pg_dump writes to a pipe or pg_restore reads from one.
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Changes
In pgbench's “prepared” mode, prepare all the commands in a pipeline before starting the pipeline (Álvaro Herrera) §
This avoids a failure when a pgbench script tries to start a serializable transaction inside a pipeline.
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Changes
In contrib/amcheck's heap checking code, deal correctly with tuples having zero xmin or xmax (Robert Haas) § §
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Changes
In contrib/amcheck, deal sanely with xids that appear to be before epoch zero (Andres Freund) §
In cases of corruption we might see a wrapped-around 32-bit xid that appears to be before the first xid epoch. Promoting such a value to 64-bit form produced a value far in the future, resulting in wrong reports. Return FirstNormalFullTransactionId in such cases so that things work reasonably sanely.
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Changes
In contrib/basebackup_to_shell, properly detect failure to open a pipe (Robert Haas) §
Changes
In contrib/hstore_plpython, avoid crashing if the Python value to be transformed isn't a mapping (Dmitry Dolgov, Tom Lane) §
This should give an error, but Python 3 changed some APIs in a way that caused the check to misbehave, allowing a crash to ensue.
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Changes
Require the siglen option of a GiST index on an ltree column, if specified, to be a multiple of 4 (Alexander Korotkov) §
Other values result in misaligned accesses to index content, which is harmless on Intel-compatible hardware but can cause a crash on some other architectures.
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Changes
In contrib/pageinspect, add defenses against incorrect input for the gist_page_items() function (Dmitry Koval) §
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Changes
Fix misbehavior in contrib/pg_trgm with an unsatisfiable regular expression (Tom Lane) §
A regex such as $foo is legal but unsatisfiable; the regex compiler recognizes that and produces an empty NFA graph. Attempting to optimize such a graph into a pg_trgm GIN or GiST index qualification resulted in accessing off the end of a work array, possibly leading to crashes.
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Changes
Fix handling of escape sequences in contrib/postgres_fdw's application_name parameter (Kyotaro Horiguchi, Michael Paquier) §
The code to expand these could fail if executed in a background process, as for example during auto-analyze of a foreign table.
Changes
In contrib/pg_walinspect, limit memory usage of pg_get_wal_records_info() (Bharath Rupireddy) §
Changes
Use the --strip-unneeded option when stripping static libraries with GNU-compatible strip (Tom Lane) §
Previously, make install-strip used the -x option in this case. This change avoids misbehavior of llvm-strip, and gives slightly smaller output as well.
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Changes
Stop recommending auto-download of DTD files for building the documentation, and indeed disable it (Aleksander Alekseev, Peter Eisentraut, Tom Lane) §
It appears no longer possible to build the SGML documentation without a local installation of the DocBook DTD files. Formerly xsltproc could download those files on-the-fly from sourceforge.net; but sourceforge.net now permits only HTTPS access, and no common version of xsltproc supports that. Hence, remove the bits of our documentation suggesting that that's possible or useful, and instead add xsltproc's --nonet option to the build recipes.
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Changes
When running TAP tests in PGXS builds, use a saner location for the temporary portlock directory (Peter Eisentraut) §
Place it under tmp_check in the build directory. With the previous coding, a PGXS build would try to place it in the installation directory, which is not necessarily writable.
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Changes
Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2023c for DST law changes in Egypt, Greenland, Morocco, and Palestine. (Tom Lane) §
When observing Moscow time, Europe/Kirov and Europe/Volgograd now use the abbreviations MSK/MSD instead of numeric abbreviations, for consistency with other timezones observing Moscow time. Also, America/Yellowknife is no longer distinct from America/Edmonton; this affects some pre-1948 timestamps in that area.
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A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 15.1, see Section E.19.
Changes
libpq can leak memory contents after GSSAPI transport encryption initiation fails (Jacob Champion) §
A modified server, or an unauthenticated man-in-the-middle, can send a not-zero-terminated error message during setup of GSSAPI (Kerberos) transport encryption. libpq will then copy that string, as well as following bytes in application memory up to the next zero byte, to its error report. Depending on what the calling application does with the error report, this could result in disclosure of application memory contents. There is also a small probability of a crash due to reading beyond the end of memory. Fix by properly zero-terminating the server message. (CVE-2022-41862)
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Changes
Fix calculation of which GENERATED columns need to be updated in child tables during an UPDATE on a partitioned table or inheritance tree (Amit Langote, Tom Lane) § §
This fixes failure to update GENERATED columns that do not exist in the parent table, or that have different dependencies than are in the parent column's generation expression.
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Changes
Fix possible failure of MERGE to compute GENERATED columns (Dean Rasheed) §
When the first row-level action of the MERGE was an UPDATE, any subsequent INSERT actions would fail to compute GENERATED columns that were deemed unnecessary to compute for the UPDATE action (due to not depending on any of the UPDATE target columns).
Changes
Fix MERGE's check for unreachable WHEN clauses (Dean Rasheed) §
A WHEN clause following an unconditional WHEN clause should be rejected as unreachable, but this case was not always detected.
Changes
Fix MERGE's rule-detection test (Dean Rasheed) §
MERGE is not supported on tables with rules; but it also failed on tables that once had rules but no longer do.
Changes
In MERGE, don't count a DO NOTHING action as a processed tuple (Álvaro Herrera) §
This makes the code's behavior match the documentation.
Changes
Allow a WITH RECURSIVE ... CYCLE CTE to access its output column (Tom Lane) §
A reference to the SET column from within the CTE would fail with “cache lookup failed for type 0”.
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Changes
Fix handling of pending inserts when doing a bulk insertion to a foreign table (Etsuro Fujita) § §
In some cases pending insertions were not flushed to the FDW soon enough, leading to logical inconsistencies, for example BEFORE ROW triggers not seeing rows they should be able to see.
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Changes
Allow REPLICA IDENTITY to be set on an index that's not (yet) valid (Tom Lane) §
When pg_dump dumps a partitioned index that's marked REPLICA IDENTITY, it generates a command sequence that applies REPLICA IDENTITY before the partitioned index has been marked valid, causing restore to fail. There seems no very good reason to prohibit doing it in that order, so allow it. The marking will have no effect anyway until the index becomes valid.
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Changes
Fix handling of DEFAULT markers in rules that perform an INSERT from a multi-row VALUES list (Dean Rasheed) §
In some cases a DEFAULT marker would not get replaced with the proper default-value expression, leading to an “unrecognized node type” error.
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Changes
Reject uses of undefined variables in jsonpath existence checks (Alexander Korotkov, David G. Johnston) §
While jsonpath match operators threw an error for an undefined variable in the path pattern, the existence operators silently treated it as a match.
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Changes
Fix jsonb subscripting to cope with toasted subscript values (Tom Lane, David G. Johnston) §
Using a text value fetched directly from a table as a jsonb subscript was likely to fail. Fetches would usually not find any matching element. Assignments could store the value with a garbage key, although keys long enough to cause that problem are probably rare in the field.
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Changes
Fix edge-case data corruption in parallel hash joins (Dmitry Astapov) §
If the final chunk of a large tuple being written out to a temporary file was exactly 32760 bytes, it would be corrupted due to a fencepost bug. The query would typically fail later with corrupted-data symptoms.
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Changes
Honor non-default settings of checkpoint_completion_target (Bharath Rupireddy) §
Internal state was not updated after a change in checkpoint_completion_target, possibly resulting in performing checkpoint I/O faster or slower than desired, especially if that setting was changed on-the-fly.
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Changes
Log the correct ending timestamp in recovery_target_xid mode (Tom Lane) §
When ending recovery based on the recovery_target_xid setting with recovery_target_inclusive = off, we printed an incorrect timestamp (always 2000-01-01) in the “recovery stopping before ... transaction” log message.
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Changes
Improve error reporting for some buffered file read failures (Peter Eisentraut) §
Correctly report a short read, giving the numbers of bytes desired and actually read, instead of reporting an irrelevant error code. Most places got this right already, but some recently-written replication logic did not.
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Changes
Remove arbitrary limit on number of elements in int2vector and oidvector (Tom Lane) §
The input functions for these types previously rejected more than 100 elements. With the introduction of the logical replication column list feature, it's necessary to accept int2vectors having up to 1600 columns, otherwise long column lists cause logical-replication failures.
Changes
In extended query protocol, avoid an immediate commit after ANALYZE if we're running a pipeline (Tom Lane) §
If there's not been an explicit BEGIN TRANSACTION, ANALYZE would take it on itself to commit, which should not happen within a pipelined series of commands.
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Changes
Reject cancel request packets having the wrong length (Andrey Borodin) §
The server would process a cancel request even if its length word was too small. This led to reading beyond the end of the allocated buffer. In theory that could cause a segfault, but it seems quite unlikely to happen in practice, since the buffer would have to be very close to the end of memory. The more likely outcome was a bogus log message about wrong backend PID or cancel code. Complain about the wrong length, instead.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix planner preprocessing oversights for window function run-condition expressions (Richard Guo, David Rowley) §
This could lead to planner errors such as “WindowFunc not found in subplan target lists”.
Changes
Fix possible dangling-pointer access during execution of window function run-condition expressions (David Rowley) §
In practice, because the run-condition optimization is only applied to certain window functions that happen to all return int8, this only manifested as a problem on 32-bit builds.
Changes
Add recursion and looping defenses in subquery pullup (Tom Lane) §
A contrived query can result in deep recursion and unreasonable amounts of time spent trying to flatten subqueries. A proper fix for that seems unduly invasive for a back-patch, but we can at least add stack depth checks and an interrupt check to allow the query to be cancelled.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix planner issues when combining Memoize nodes with partitionwise joins or parameterized nestloops (Richard Guo) § §
These errors could lead to not using Memoize in contexts where it would be useful, or possibly to wrong query plans.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix partitionwise-join code to tolerate failure to produce a plan for each partition (Tom Lane) §
This could result in “could not devise a query plan for the given query” errors.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Limit the amount of cleanup work done by get_actual_variable_range (Simon Riggs) §
Planner runs occurring just after deletion of a large number of tuples appearing at the end of an index could expend significant amounts of work setting the “killed” bits for those index entries. Limit the amount of work done in any one query by giving up on this process after examining 100 heap pages. All the cleanup will still happen eventually, but without so large a performance hiccup.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent the statistics machinery from getting confused when a relation's relkind changes (Andres Freund) §
Converting a table to a view could lead to crashes or assertion failures.
Changes
Fix under-parenthesized display of AT TIME ZONE constructs (Tom Lane) §
This could result in dump/restore failures for rules or views in which an argument of AT TIME ZONE is itself an expression.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent clobbering of cached parsetrees for utility statements in SQL functions (Tom Lane, Daniel Gustafsson) §
If a SQL-language function executes the same utility command more than once within a single calling query, it could crash or report strange errors such as “unrecognized node type”.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ensure that execution of full-text-search queries can be cancelled while they are performing phrase matches (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix memory leak in hashing strings with nondeterministic collations (Jeff Davis) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix deadlock between DROP DATABASE and logical replication worker process (Hou Zhijie) §
This was caused by an ill-advised choice to block interrupts while creating a logical replication slot in the worker. In version 15 that could lead to an undetected deadlock. In version 14, no deadlock has been observed, but it's still a bad idea to block interrupts while waiting for network I/O.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Clean up the libpq connection object after a failed replication connection attempt (Andres Freund) §
The previous coding leaked the connection object. In background code paths that's pretty harmless because the calling process will give up and exit. But in commands such as CREATE SUBSCRIPTION, such a failure resulted in a small session-lifespan memory leak.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In hot-standby servers, reduce processing effort for tracking XIDs known to be active on the primary (Simon Riggs, Michail Nikolaev) §
Insufficiently-aggressive cleanup of the KnownAssignedXids array could lead to poor performance, particularly when max_connections is set to a large value on the standby.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Ignore invalidated logical-replication slots while determining oldest catalog xmin (Sirisha Chamarthi) §
A replication slot could prevent cleanup of dead tuples in the system catalogs even after it becomes invalidated due to exceeding max_slot_wal_keep_size. Thus, failure of a replication consumer could lead to indefinitely-large catalog bloat.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In logical decoding, notify the remote node when a transaction is detected to have crashed (Hou Zhijie) §
After a server restart, we'll re-stream the changes for transactions occurring shortly before the restart. Some of these transactions probably never completed; when we realize that one didn't we throw away the relevant decoding state locally, but we neglected to tell the subscriber about it. That led to the subscriber keeping useless streaming files until it's next restarted.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix uninitialized-memory usage in logical decoding (Masahiko Sawada) §
In certain cases, resumption of logical decoding could try to re-use XID data that had already been freed, leading to unpredictable behavior.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Acquire spinlock while updating shared state during logical decoding context creation (Masahiko Sawada) §
We neglected to acquire the appropriate lock while updating data about two-phase transactions, potentially allowing other processes to see inconsistent data.
Changes
Fix pgoutput replication plug-in to not send columns not listed in a table's replication column list (Hou Zhijie) §
UPDATE and DELETE events did not pay attention to the configured column list, thus sending more data than expected. This did not cause a problem when the receiver is our built-in logical replication code, but it might confuse other receivers, and in any case it wasted network bandwidth.
Changes
Avoid rare “failed to acquire cleanup lock” panic during WAL replay of hash-index page split operations (Robert Haas) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Advance a heap page's LSN when setting its all-visible bit during WAL replay (Jeff Davis) §
Failure to do this left the page possibly different on standby servers than the primary, and violated some other expectations about when the LSN changes. This seems only a theoretical hazard so far as PostgreSQL itself is concerned, but it could upset third-party tools.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix int64_div_fast_to_numeric() to work for a wider range of inputs (Dean Rasheed) §
This function misbehaved with some values of its second argument. No such usages exist in core PostgreSQL, but it's clearly a hazard for external modules, so repair.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix latent buffer-overrun problem in WaitEventSet logic (Thomas Munro) §
The epoll-based and kqueue-based implementations could ask the kernel for too many events if the size of their internal buffer was different from the size of the caller's output buffer. That case is not known to occur in released PostgreSQL versions, but this error is a hazard for external modules and future bug fixes.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid nominally-undefined behavior when accessing shared memory in 32-bit builds (Andres Freund) §
clang's undefined-behavior sanitizer complained about use of a pointer that was less aligned than it should be. It's very unlikely that this would cause a problem in non-debug builds, but it's worth fixing for testing purposes.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix assertion failure in BRIN minmax-multi opclasses (Tomas Vondra) §
The assertion was overly strict, so this mistake was harmless in non-assert builds.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Remove faulty assertion in useless-RESULT-RTE optimization logic (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix copy-and-paste errors in cache-lookup-failure messages for ACL checks (Justin Pryzby) §
In principle these errors should never be reached. But if they are, some of them reported the wrong type of object.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix possible corruption of very large tablespace map files in pg_basebackup (Antonin Houska) §
Changes
Avoid harmless warning from pg_dump in --if-exists mode (Tom Lane) §
If the public schema has a non-default owner then use of pg_dump's --if-exists option resulted in a warning message “warning: could not find where to insert IF EXISTS in statement "-- *not* dropping schema, since initdb creates it"”. The dump output was okay, though.
Changes
Fix psql's \sf and \ef commands to handle SQL-language functions that have SQL-standard function bodies (Tom Lane) §
These commands misidentified the start of the function body when it used new-style syntax.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix tab completion of ALTER FUNCTION/PROCEDURE/ROUTINE ... SET SCHEMA (Dean Rasheed) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Update contrib/pageinspect to mark its disk-accessing functions as PARALLEL RESTRICTED (Tom Lane) §
This avoids possible failure if one of these functions is used to examine a temporary table, since a session's temporary tables are not accessible from parallel workers.
Changes
Fix contrib/seg to not crash or print garbage if an input number has more than 127 digits (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix build on Microsoft Visual Studio 2013 (Tom Lane) §
A previous patch supposed that all platforms of interest have snprintf(), but MSVC 2013 isn't quite there yet. Revert to using sprintf() on that platform.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix compile failure in building PL/Perl with MSVC when using Strawberry Perl (Andrew Dunstan) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix mismatch of PL/Perl built with MSVC versus a Perl library built with gcc (Andrew Dunstan) §
Such combinations could previously fail with “loadable library and perl binaries are mismatched” errors.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Suppress compiler warnings from Perl's header files (Andres Freund) §
Our preferred compiler options provoke warnings about constructs appearing in recent versions of Perl's header files. When using gcc, we can suppress these warnings with a pragma.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix pg_waldump to build on compilers that don't discard unused static-inline functions (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2022g for DST law changes in Greenland and Mexico, plus historical corrections for northern Canada, Colombia, and Singapore. (Tom Lane) §
Notably, a new timezone America/Ciudad_Juarez has been split off from America/Ojinaga.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
A dump/restore is not required for those running 15.X.
However, if you regularly create and drop tables exceeding 1GB, see the first changelog entry below.
Changes
Fix failure to remove non-first segments of large tables (Tom Lane) §
PostgreSQL splits large tables into multiple files (normally with 1GB per file). The logic for dropping a table was broken and would miss removing all but the first such file, in two cases: drops of temporary tables and WAL replay of drops of regular tables. Applications that routinely create multi-gigabyte temporary tables could suffer significant disk space leakage.
Orphaned temporary-table files are removed during postmaster start, so the mere act of updating to 15.1 is sufficient to clear any leaked temporary-table storage. However, if you suffered any database crashes while using 15.0, and there might have been large tables dropped just before such crashes, it's advisable to check the database directories for files named according to the pattern NNNN.NNNNNN. suffix), these files should be removed manually.NN
Changes
Fix handling of DEFAULT tokens that appear in a multi-row VALUES clause of an INSERT on an updatable view (Tom Lane) §
This oversight could lead to “cache lookup failed for type” errors, or in older branches even to crashes.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Disallow rules named _RETURN that are not ON SELECT (Tom Lane) §
This avoids confusion between a view's ON SELECT rule and any other rules it may have.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid failure in EXPLAIN VERBOSE for a query using SEARCH BREADTH FIRST with constant initial values (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent use of MERGE on a partitioned table with foreign-table partitions (Álvaro Herrera) §
The case isn't supported, and previously threw an incomprehensible error.
Changes
Fix construction of per-partition foreign key constraints while doing ALTER TABLE ATTACH PARTITION (Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais, Álvaro Herrera) § §
Previously, incorrect or duplicate constraints could be constructed for the newly-added partition.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix planner failure with extended statistics on partitioned or inherited tables (Richard Guo, Justin Pryzby) §
Some cases failed with “cache lookup failed for statistics object”.
Changes
Fix mis-ordering of WAL operations in fast insert path for GIN indexes (Matthias van de Meent, Zhang Mingli) §
This mistake is not known to have any negative consequences within core PostgreSQL, but it did cause issues for some extensions.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix bugs in logical decoding when replay starts from a point between the beginning of a transaction and the beginning of its subtransaction (Masahiko Sawada, Kuroda Hayato) § §
These errors could lead to assertion failures in debug builds, and otherwise to memory leaks.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Accept interrupts in more places during logical decoding (Amit Kapila, Masahiko Sawada) § §
This ameliorates problems with slow shutdown of replication workers.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent attempts to replicate into a foreign-table partition in replication workers (Shi Yu, Tom Lane) §
Although partitioned tables can have foreign tables as partitions, replicating into such a partition isn't currently supported. The logical replication worker process would crash if it was attempted. Now, an error is thrown.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid crash after function syntax error in replication workers (Maxim Orlov, Anton Melnikov, Masahiko Sawada, Tom Lane) §
If a syntax error occurred in a SQL-language or PL/pgSQL-language CREATE FUNCTION or DO command executed in a logical replication worker, the worker process would crash with a null pointer dereference or assertion failure.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid double call of the shutdown callback of an archiver module (Nathan Bossart, Bharath Rupireddy) §
Changes
Add plan-time check for attempted access to a table that has no table access method (Tom Lane) §
This prevents a crash in some catalog-corruption scenarios, for example use of a view whose ON SELECT rule is missing.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Prevent postmaster crash when shared-memory state is corrupted (Tom Lane) §
The postmaster process is supposed to survive and initiate a database restart if shared memory becomes corrupted, but one bit of code was being insufficiently cautious about that.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
In libpq, handle single-row mode correctly when pipelining (Denis Laxalde) §
The single-row flag was not reset at the correct time if pipeline mode was also active.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix psql's exit status when a command-line query is canceled (Peter Eisentraut) §
psql -c would exit successfully if the query was canceled. Fix it to exit with nonzero status, as in other error cases.query
Changes
Allow cross-platform tablespace relocation in pg_basebackup (Robert Haas) §
Allow the remote path in --tablespace-mapping to be either a Unix-style or Windows-style absolute path, since the source server could be on a different OS than the local system.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix pg_dump's failure to dump comments attached to some CHECK constraints (Tom Lane) §
Changes
Fix CREATE DATABASE to allow its oid parameter to exceed 231 (Tom Lane) §
This oversight prevented pg_upgrade from succeeding when the source installation contained databases with OIDs larger than that.
Changes
In pg_stat_statements, fix access to already-freed memory (zhaoqigui) §
This occurred if pg_stat_statements tracked a ROLLBACK command issued via extended query protocol. In debug builds it consistently led to an assertion failure. In production builds there would often be no visible ill effect; but if the freed memory had already been reused, the likely result would be to store garbage for the query string.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Fix incompatibilities with LLVM 15 (Thomas Munro, Andres Freund) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Allow use of __sync_lock_test_and_set() for spinlocks on any machine (Tom Lane) §
This eases porting to new machine architectures, at least if you're using a compiler that supports this GCC builtin function.
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Rename symbol REF to REF_P to avoid compile failure on recent macOS (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Avoid using sprintf, to avoid compile-time deprecation warnings (Tom Lane) §
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
Changes
Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2022f for DST law changes in Chile, Fiji, Iran, Jordan, Mexico, Palestine, and Syria, plus historical corrections for Chile, Crimea, Iran, and Mexico. (Tom Lane) §
Also, the Europe/Kiev zone has been renamed to Europe/Kyiv. Also, the following zones have been merged into nearby, more-populous zones whose clocks have agreed with them since 1970: Antarctica/Vostok, Asia/Brunei, Asia/Kuala_Lumpur, Atlantic/Reykjavik, Europe/Amsterdam, Europe/Copenhagen, Europe/Luxembourg, Europe/Monaco, Europe/Oslo, Europe/Stockholm, Indian/Christmas, Indian/Cocos, Indian/Kerguelen, Indian/Mahe, Indian/Reunion, Pacific/Chuuk, Pacific/Funafuti, Pacific/Majuro, Pacific/Pohnpei, Pacific/Wake and Pacific/Wallis. (This indirectly affects zones that were already links to one of these: Arctic/Longyearbyen, Atlantic/Jan_Mayen, Iceland, Pacific/Ponape, Pacific/Truk, and Pacific/Yap.) America/Nipigon, America/Rainy_River, America/Thunder_Bay, Europe/Uzhgorod, and Europe/Zaporozhye were also merged into nearby zones after discovering that their claimed post-1970 differences from those zones seem to have been errors. In all these cases, the previous zone name remains as an alias; but the actual data is that of the zone that was merged into.
These zone mergers result in loss of pre-1970 timezone history for the merged zones, which may be troublesome for applications expecting consistency of timestamptz display. As an example, the stored value 1944-06-01 12:00 UTC would previously display as 1944-06-01 13:00:00+01 if the Europe/Stockholm zone is selected, but now it will read out as 1944-06-01 14:00:00+02.
It is possible to build the time zone data files with options that will restore the older zone data, but that choice also inserts a lot of other old (and typically poorly-attested) zone data, resulting in more total changes from the previous release than accepting these upstream changes does. PostgreSQL has chosen to ship the tzdb data as-recommended, and so far as we are aware most major operating system distributions are doing likewise. However, if these changes cause significant problems for your application, a possible solution is to install a local build of the time zone data files using tzdb's backwards-compatibility options (see their PACKRATDATA and PACKRATLIST options).
“Same change” requires complete matching evidence. “Related commits” can cover independent changes, a partial backport, or a follow-up correction; each release keeps its own explanation.
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The comparison follows PostgreSQL release notes from just after the source through the target version. For a major upgrade, maintenance releases from each older branch are included only up to the next major release date, and never after the target date. A major version such as 18 means its initial release, 18.0. Previews and development snapshots are labeled separately.
Entries come from the original English manuals. Release coverage and commit evidence are verified against upstream sources. Every entry retains its complete explanation and source link. Categories aid browsing; read the full notes for impact, conditions, and migration steps.
Fixes can be backported to several branches. Confirmed duplicates are merged conservatively, with every branch explanation retained. A note describing several independent fixes is excluded only when all are already present in the source. Major-release features remain distinct from related maintenance patches unless their complete original descriptions match. Uncertain matches are retained. This is a release-note history, not an exhaustive comparison of compiled binaries.
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