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Encryption OptionsManual ChaptersPG1818.8. Encryption Options PostgreSQL offers encryption at several levels, and provides flexibility in protecting data from disclosure due to database server theft, unscrupulous administrators…Encryption Options ENDManual ChaptersPG18END END — commit the current transaction Synopsis END [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ AND [ NO ] CHAIN ]END Enforcing Consistency with Explicit Blocking LocksManual ChaptersPG1813.4.2. Enforcing Consistency with Explicit Blocking Locks When non-serializable writes are possible, to ensure the current validity of a row and protect it against concurrent updates one mu…Enforcing Consistency with Explicit Blocking Locks Enforcing Consistency with Serializable TransactionsManual ChaptersPG1813.4.1. Enforcing Consistency with Serializable Transactions If the Serializable transaction isolation level is used for all writes and for all reads which need a consistent view of the data…Enforcing Consistency with Serializable Transactions Entering SQL CommandsManual ChaptersPG18Entering SQL Commands In normal operation, psql provides a prompt with the name of the database to which psql is currently connected, followed by the string =>. For example: $ psql testdb ps…Entering SQL Commands Enum Support FunctionsManual ChaptersPG189.10. Enum Support Functions For enum types (described in Section 8.7), there are several functions that allow cleaner programming without hard-coding particular values of an enum type. Thes…Enum Support Functions Enumerated TypesManual ChaptersPG188.7. Enumerated Types Enumerated (enum) types are data types that comprise a static, ordered set of values. They are equivalent to the enum types supported in a number of programming languag…Enumerated Types Enumerated TypesManual ChaptersPG18Enumerated Types The second form of CREATE TYPE creates an enumerated (enum) type, as described in Section 8.7. Enum types take a list of quoted labels, each of which must be less than NAMED…Enumerated Types EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGDATABASEPGHOSTPGPORTPGUSER Default connection parameters PG_COLOR Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never. This utilit…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGDATABASE If set, the name of the database to create, unless overridden on the command line. PGHOSTPGPORTPGUSER Default connection parameters. PGUSER also determines the name of…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGHOSTPGPORTPGUSER Default connection parameters PG_COLOR Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never. This utility, like mo…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGHOSTPGPORTPGUSER Default connection parameters PG_COLOR Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never. This utility, like mo…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGHOSTPGPORTPGUSER Default connection parameters PG_COLOR Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never. This utility, like mo…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGDATA # Specifies the directory where the database cluster is to be stored; can be overridden using the -D option. PG_COLOR # Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messag…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGCTLTIMEOUT Default limit on the number of seconds to wait when waiting for startup or shutdown to complete. If not set, the default is 60 seconds. PGDATA Default data directory…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGHOSTPGOPTIONSPGPORTPGUSER Default connection parameters PG_COLOR Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never. This utility…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment pg_isready, like most other PostgreSQL utilities, also uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Section 32.15). The environment variable PG_COLOR specifies whether …Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment pg_amcheck, like most other PostgreSQL utilities, also uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Section 32.15). The environment variable PG_COLOR specifies whether …Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment This utility, like most other PostgreSQL utilities, uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Section 32.15). The environment variable PG_COLOR specifies whether to …Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGDATA Specifies the directory where the database cluster is stored; can be overridden using the -D option. PG_COLOR Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possib…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment This utility, like most other PostgreSQL utilities, uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Section 32.15). The environment variable PG_COLOR specifies whether to …Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGDATA Default data directory location PG_COLOR Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never.Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGDATABASEPGHOSTPGOPTIONSPGPORTPGUSER Default connection parameters. PG_COLOR Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never. T…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment This utility, like most other PostgreSQL utilities, uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Section 32.15). The environment variable PG_COLOR specifies whether to …Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment This utility, like most other PostgreSQL utilities, uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Section 32.15). The environment variable PG_COLOR specifies whether to …Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PG_COLOR Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never.Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGHOSTPGOPTIONSPGPORTPGUSER Default connection parameters PG_COLOR Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never. This utility…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment When --source-server option is used, pg_rewind also uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Section 32.15). The environment variable PG_COLOR specifies whether to …Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment The environment variable PG_COLOR specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never.Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGCLIENTENCODING Default character encoding used by clients. (The clients can override this individually.) This value can also be set in the configuration file. PGDATA Default da…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment COLUMNS # If \pset columns is zero, controls the width for the wrapped format and width for determining if wide output requires the pager or should be switched to the vertical fo…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGDATABASEPGHOSTPGPORTPGUSER Default connection parameters PG_COLOR Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never. This utilit…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGDATABASEPGHOSTPGPORTPGUSER Default connection parameters PG_COLOR Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never. This utilit…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGHOSTPGPORTPGUSER Default connection parameters. This utility, like most other PostgreSQL utilities, also uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Section 32.15). …Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment The environment variable PG_COLOR specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never.Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGDATABASEPGHOSTPGPORTPGUSER # Default connection parameters. This utility, like most other PostgreSQL utilities, uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Section 3…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment The environment variable PG_COLOR specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never.Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment Some environment variables can be used to provide defaults for command-line options: PGBINOLD The old PostgreSQL executable directory; option -b/--old-bindir. PGBINNEW The new Po…Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGDATA Data directory; see also the -p option. PG_COLOR Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never.Environment EnvironmentManual ChaptersPG18Environment PGHOSTPGPORTPGUSER Default connection parameters. This utility, like most other PostgreSQL utilities, also uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Section 32.15). …Environment