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buffercache_toolsExtensionsExtensionsInspect and manipulate PostgreSQL buffer cache entries for relations, forks, databases, and tablespaces. buffer-cache inspection maintenance buffercache_tools AdministrationAdministration · Extensions BufferCleanupWait EventsReferenceBufferCleanup Buffer 19 Waiting to acquire an exclusive pin on a buffer. Buffer pin waits can be protracted if another process holds an open cursor that last read data from the buffer in que…Wait Events · Buffer BufferContentWait EventsReferenceBufferContent LWLock 10 Waiting to read or write a data page in memory. 11 12 13 Waiting to access a data page in memory. 14 15 16 17 18 9.6 Short samples are routine while concurrent reader…Wait Events · LWLock BufferExclusiveWait EventsReferenceBufferExclusive Buffer 19 Waiting to acquire a exclusive lock on a buffer. 20 Waiting to acquire an exclusive lock on a buffer.Wait Events · Buffer BufferIoWait EventsReferenceBufferIo IPC 10 Waiting for I/O on a data page. 11 12 13 14 Waiting for buffer I/O to complete. 15 16 17 18 19 20 9.6 Brief rendezvous is normal when every participant continues to advance. …Wait Events · IPC BufferMappingWait EventsReferenceBufferMapping LWLock 10 Waiting to associate a data block with a buffer in the buffer pool. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 9.6 Brief waits occur when pages enter or leave shared buffers. Sust…Wait Events · LWLock BufferPinWait EventsReferenceBufferPin Buffer 10 Waiting to acquire a pin on a buffer. 11 12 13 Waiting to acquire an exclusive pin on a buffer. 14 15 16 17 18 9.6 An isolated sub-second sample can occur during scans or…Wait Events · Buffer BufferSharedWait EventsReferenceBufferShared Buffer 19 Waiting to acquire a shared lock on a buffer. 20Wait Events · Buffer BufferShareExclusiveWait EventsReferenceBufferShareExclusive Buffer 19 Waiting to acquire a share exclusive lock on a buffer. 20Wait Events · Buffer BuffileReadWait EventsReferenceBuffileRead IO 10 Waiting for a read from a buffered file. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 The wait is normal when the workload is expected to perform this read, write, sync, allocation, or co…Wait Events · IO BuffileTruncateWait EventsReferenceBuffileTruncate IO 14 Waiting for a buffered file to be truncated. 15 16 17 18 19 20 The wait is normal when the workload is expected to perform this read, write, sync, allocation, or comple…Wait Events · IO BuffileWriteWait EventsReferenceBuffileWrite IO 10 Waiting for a write to a buffered file. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 The wait is normal when the workload is expected to perform this read, write, sync, allocation, or co…Wait Events · IO Bug Reporting GuidelinesManual ChaptersPG185. Bug Reporting Guidelines When you find a bug in PostgreSQL we want to hear about it. Your bug reports play an important part in making PostgreSQL more reliable because even the utmost car…Bug Reporting Guidelines BugsManual ChaptersPG18Bugs The -- options will not work on FreeBSD or OpenBSD. Use -c instead. This is a bug in the affected operating systems; a future release of PostgreSQL will provide a workaround if this is …Bugs Build Process DetailsManual ChaptersPG1817.3.3.4. Build Process Details --with-includes=DIRECTORIES # DIRECTORIES is a colon-separated list of directories that will be added to the list the compiler searches for header files. If y…Build Process Details Build Process DetailsManual ChaptersPG1817.4.3.4. Build Process Details --auto-features={ auto | enabled | disabled } # Setting this option allows you to override the value of all “auto” features (features that are enabled automat…Build Process Details Building and Installation with Autoconf and MakeManual ChaptersPG1817.3. Building and Installation with Autoconf and MakeBuilding and Installation with Autoconf and Make Building and Installation with MesonManual ChaptersPG1817.4. Building and Installation with MesonBuilding and Installation with Meson Building Indexes ConcurrentlyManual ChaptersPG18Building Indexes Concurrently Creating an index can interfere with regular operation of a database. Normally PostgreSQL locks the table to be indexed against writes and performs the entire i…Building Indexes Concurrently Building libpq ProgramsManual ChaptersPG1832.22. Building libpq Programs To build (i.e., compile and link) a program using libpq you need to do all of the following things: Include the libpq-fe.h header file: #include <libpq-fe.h> I…Building libpq Programs Building the Documentation with MakeManual ChaptersPG18J.3. Building the Documentation with Make Once you have everything set up, change to the directory doc/src/sgml and run one of the commands described in the following subsections to build th…Building the Documentation with Make Building the Documentation with MesonManual ChaptersPG18J.4. Building the Documentation with Meson To build the documentation using Meson, change to the build directory before running one of these commands, or add -C build to the command. To buil…Building the Documentation with Meson Building uuid-osspManual ChaptersPG18F.49.2. Building uuid-ossp Historically this module depended on the OSSP UUID library, which accounts for the module's name. While the OSSP UUID library can still be found at http://www.ossp…Building uuid-ossp Built-In FunctionsManual ChaptersPG18Built-In Functions The functions listed in Table 303 are built into pgbench and may be used in expressions appearing in \set. Table 303. pgbench Functions Function Description Example(s) abs…Built-In Functions Built-in FunctionsManual ChaptersPG1843.3. Built-in FunctionsBuilt-in Functions Built-in Index Access MethodsManual ChaptersPG18Chapter 65. Built-in Index Access MethodsBuilt-in Index Access Methods Built-in Operator ClassesManual ChaptersPG1865.5.2. Built-in Operator Classes The core PostgreSQL distribution includes the BRIN operator classes shown in Table 65.4. The minmax operator classes store the minimum and the maximum value…Built-in Operator Classes Built-in Operator ClassesManual ChaptersPG1865.4.2. Built-in Operator Classes The core PostgreSQL distribution includes the GIN operator classes shown in Table 65.3. (Some of the optional modules described in Appendix F provide additi…Built-in Operator Classes Built-in Operator ClassesManual ChaptersPG1865.2.2. Built-in Operator Classes The core PostgreSQL distribution includes the GiST operator classes shown in Table 65.1. (Some of the optional modules described in Appendix F provide addit…Built-in Operator Classes Built-in Operator ClassesManual ChaptersPG1865.3.2. Built-in Operator Classes The core PostgreSQL distribution includes the SP-GiST operator classes shown in Table 65.2. Table 65.2. Built-in SP-GiST Operator Classes Name Indexable Ope…Built-in Operator Classes Built-in OperatorsManual ChaptersPG18Built-in Operators The arithmetic, bitwise, comparison and logical operators listed in Table 302 are built into pgbench and may be used in expressions appearing in \set. The operators are li…Built-in Operators Built-in ProbesManual ChaptersPG1827.5.2. Built-in Probes A number of standard probes are provided in the source code, as shown in Table 27.49; Table 27.50 shows the types used in the probes. More probes can certainly be add…Built-in Probes Built-in Range and Multirange TypesManual ChaptersPG188.17.1. Built-in Range and Multirange Types PostgreSQL comes with the following built-in range types: int4range — Range of integer, int4multirange — corresponding Multirange int8range — Rang…Built-in Range and Multirange Types bundleExtensionsExtensionsdata version control system events plpgsql postgresql rest-api semantics system-catalog version-control-system widgets bundle FeaturesFeatures · Extensions busybee_fdwExtensionsExtensionsMQTT Foreign Data Wrapper busybee_fdw Foreign data wrappersForeign data wrappers · Extensions bwcontrolExtensionsExtensionsBottledwater control extension bottledwater cdc kafka replication bwcontrol Replication and streamsReplication and streams · Extensions byteaData TypesPG18bytea binary data (“byte array”)Data Types byteaManual ChaptersPG1834.4.4.2.4. bytea The handling of the bytea type is similar to that of VARCHAR. The definition on an array of type bytea is converted into a named struct for every variable. A declaration li…bytea bytea Escape FormatManual ChaptersPG188.4.2. bytea Escape Format The “escape” format is the traditional PostgreSQL format for the bytea type. It takes the approach of representing a binary string as a sequence of ASCII character…bytea Escape Format bytea Hex FormatManual ChaptersPG188.4.1. bytea Hex Format The “hex” format encodes binary data as 2 hexadecimal digits per byte, most significant nibble first. The entire string is preceded by the sequence \x (to distinguish…bytea Hex Format