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ONLY and InheritanceManual ChaptersPG18ONLY and Inheritance The SQL standard requires parentheses around the table name when writing ONLY, for example SELECT * FROM ONLY (tab1), ONLY (tab2) WHERE .... PostgreSQL considers these p…ONLY and Inheritance Only BY VALUE Passing Mechanism Is SupportedManual ChaptersPG18D.3.2.1. Only BY VALUE Passing Mechanism Is Supported The SQL standard defines two passing mechanisms that apply when passing an XML argument from SQL to an XML function or receiving a resul…Only BY VALUE Passing Mechanism Is Supported op_logExtensionsExtensionsTrigger-based row change history recorded after transaction commit. audit history trigger plv8 op_log SecuritySecurity · Extensions OPENManual ChaptersPG18OPEN OPEN — open a dynamic cursor Synopsis OPEN cursor_name OPEN cursor_name USING value [, ... ] OPEN cursor_name USING SQL DESCRIPTOR descriptor_nameOPEN OPEN FOR EXECUTEManual ChaptersPG1841.7.2.2. OPEN FOR EXECUTE OPEN unbound_cursorvar [ [ NO ] SCROLL ] FOR EXECUTE query_string [ USING expression [, ... ] ]; The cursor variable is opened and given the specified query to exe…OPEN FOR EXECUTE OPEN FOR queryManual ChaptersPG1841.7.2.1. OPEN FOR query OPEN unbound_cursorvar [ [ NO ] SCROLL ] FOR query; The cursor variable is opened and given the specified query to execute. The cursor cannot be open already, and it…OPEN FOR query open_pg_tdeExtensionsExtensionsTransparent data encryption for upstream PostgreSQL using the tde_heap access method, including tables, indexes, TOAST, WAL, and temporary files. encryption fork key-management table-access-…Security · Extensions openapi_fdwExtensionsExtensionsRead/write foreign data wrapper for OpenAPI and JSON HTTP services. fdw openapi http json openapi_fdw Foreign data wrappersForeign data wrappers · Extensions openbarterExtensionsExtensionsMultilateral agreement engine. barter book central cyclic exchange limit market non-bilateral order openbarter FeaturesFeatures · Extensions Opening a Bound CursorManual ChaptersPG1841.7.2.3. Opening a Bound Cursor OPEN bound_cursorvar [ ( [ argument_name { := | => } ] argument_value [, ...] ) ]; This form of OPEN is used to open a cursor variable whose query was bound …Opening a Bound Cursor Opening an Existing Large ObjectManual ChaptersPG1833.3.4. Opening an Existing Large Object To open an existing large object for reading or writing, call int lo_open(PGconn *conn, Oid lobjId, int mode); The lobjId argument specifies the OID …Opening an Existing Large Object Opening CursorsManual ChaptersPG1841.7.2. Opening Cursors Before a cursor can be used to retrieve rows, it must be opened. (This is the equivalent action to the SQL command DECLARE CURSOR.) PL/pgSQL has three forms of the OP…Opening Cursors opensslExtensionsExtensionsPostgreSQL extension for cryptographic functions and types provided by OpenSSL crypto openssl pg_openssl SecuritySecurity · Extensions OpenSSL ConfigurationManual ChaptersPG1818.9.2. OpenSSL Configuration PostgreSQL reads the system-wide OpenSSL configuration file. By default, this file is named openssl.cnf and is located in the directory reported by openssl vers…OpenSSL Configuration OpenSSL Support FunctionsManual ChaptersPG18F.26.6. OpenSSL Support Functions fips_mode() returns boolean Returns true if OpenSSL is running with FIPS mode enabled, otherwise false.OpenSSL Support Functions opentdeExtensionsExtensionsOpen Transparent Data Encryption for PostgreSQL. opentde SecuritySecurity · Extensions Operator Class InterfaceManual ChaptersPG18F.6.3. Operator Class Interface An operator class for bloom indexes requires only a hash function for the indexed data type and an equality operator for searching. This example shows the ope…Operator Class Interface Operator Class ParametersManual ChaptersPG1865.5.2.1. Operator Class Parameters Some of the built-in operator classes allow specifying parameters affecting behavior of the operator class. Each operator class has its own set of allowed…Operator Class Parameters Operator Classes and Operator FamiliesManual ChaptersPG1811.10. Operator Classes and Operator Families An index definition can specify an operator class for each column of an index. CREATE INDEX name ON table (column opclass [ ( opclass_options ) …Operator Classes and Operator Families Operator Classes and Operator FamiliesManual ChaptersPG1836.16.5. Operator Classes and Operator Families So far we have implicitly assumed that an operator class deals with only one data type. While there certainly can be only one data type in a p…Operator Classes and Operator Families Operator InvocationsManual ChaptersPG184.2.5. Operator Invocations There are two possible syntaxes for an operator invocation: expression operator expression (binary infix operator) operator expression (unary prefix operator) whe…Operator Invocations Operator Optimization InformationManual ChaptersPG1836.15. Operator Optimization Information A PostgreSQL operator definition can include several optional clauses that tell the system useful things about how the operator behaves. These clause…Operator Optimization Information Operator PrecedenceManual ChaptersPG184.1.6. Operator Precedence Table 4.2 shows the precedence and associativity of the operators in PostgreSQL. Most operators have the same precedence and are left-associative. The precedence a…Operator Precedence operator_precedence_warningConfigurationReferenceoperator_precedence_warning Version and Platform Compatibility 10 When on, the parser will emit a warning for any construct that might have changed meanings since PostgreSQL 9.4 as a result …Configuration · Version and Platform Compatibility OperatorsManual ChaptersPG184.1.3. Operators An operator name is a sequence of up to NAMEDATALEN-1 (63 by default) characters from the following list: + - * / < > = ~ ! @ # % ^ & | ` ? There are a few restrictions on o…Operators OperatorsManual ChaptersPG1810.2. Operators The specific operator that is referenced by an operator expression is determined using the following procedure. Note that this procedure is indirectly affected by the precede…Operators Operators and FunctionsManual ChaptersPG18F.22.2. Operators and Functions Type ltree has the usual comparison operators =, <>, <, >, <=, >=. Comparison sorts in the order of a tree traversal, with the children of a node sorted by la…Operators and Functions opm_coreExtensionsExtensionsCentral module of the OPM suite opm_core MonitoringMonitoring · Extensions optimExtensionsExtensionsExperimental pgrx extension defining optimization-direction and hyperparameter trial types. pgrx optim Data typesData types · Extensions OptimizationManual ChaptersPG1830.1.3. Optimization LLVM has support for optimizing generated code. Some of the optimizations are cheap enough to be performed whenever JIT is used, while others are only beneficial for lon…Optimization optimized_row_formatExtensionsExtensionsExperimental table access method for compact, cache-friendly row storage. table-am storage row-format compression optimized_row_format AnalyticsAnalytics · Extensions OptimizerManual ChaptersPG18E.6.3.1.1. Optimizer Automatically remove some unnecessary table self-joins (Andrey Lepikhov, Alexander Kuzmenkov, Alexander Korotkov, Alena Rybakina) § This optimization can be disabled usi…Optimizer Optimizing PL/pgSQL FunctionsManual ChaptersPG1841.13.2.3. Optimizing PL/pgSQL Functions PostgreSQL gives you two function creation modifiers to optimize execution: “volatility” (whether the function always returns the same result when gi…Optimizing PL/pgSQL Functions Optional heapallindexed VerificationManual ChaptersPG18F.1.2. Optional heapallindexed Verification When the heapallindexed argument to B-Tree verification functions is true, an additional phase of verification is performed against the table asso…Optional heapallindexed Verification OptionsManual ChaptersPG18Options clusterdb accepts the following command-line arguments: -a--all Cluster all databases. [-d] dbname[--dbname=]dbname Specifies the name of the database to be clustered, when -a/--all …Options OptionsManual ChaptersPG18Options createdb accepts the following command-line arguments: dbname Specifies the name of the database to be created. The name must be unique among all PostgreSQL databases in this cluster…Options OptionsManual ChaptersPG18Options createuser accepts the following command-line arguments: username Specifies the name of the PostgreSQL user to be created. This name must be different from all existing roles in this…Options OptionsManual ChaptersPG18Options dropdb accepts the following command-line arguments: dbname Specifies the name of the database to be removed. -e--echo Echo the commands that dropdb generates and sends to the server…Options OptionsManual ChaptersPG18Options dropuser accepts the following command-line arguments: username Specifies the name of the PostgreSQL user to be removed. You will be prompted for a name if none is specified on the c…Options OptionsManual ChaptersPG18Options ecpg accepts the following command-line arguments: -c Automatically generate certain C code from SQL code. Currently, this works for EXEC SQL TYPE. -C mode Set a compatibility mode. …Options