39P01 — trigger_protocol_violated

触发器违反了返回值或调用协议。

英文手册覆盖始于 PostgreSQL 8.1. 来源历史与运行验证各自保留独立版本边界。

当前阅读 PG 18·选择有来源记录的版本

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

aliases: 未知
class name: External Routine Invocation Exception
condition name: trigger_protocol_violated
lang: en
sqlstate: 39P01

版本定义 PG 18

39P01

速览 {#at-a-glance}

39P01 是 trigger_protocol_violated。固定源码确认它同时出现在核心 trigger manager、contrib/tcn 以及 PL/Perl trigger 返回值检查中，消息和严重级别取决于具体路径。

含义 {#meaning}

这是 trigger 调用契约不成立：核心管理器可能报告 trigger function %u returned null value 或 BEFORE STATEMENT trigger cannot return a value；tcn 函数在错误的 timing/level/参数条件下被调用，或表没有主键；PL/Perl DELETE trigger 的修改可能被 WARNING 忽略，非法返回值则是 ERROR。

诊断 {#diagnosis}

先按 message 区分来源：核心管理器检查 isnull 标志和 BEFORE STATEMENT 返回契约；tcn 要核对 AFTER、FOR EACH ROW、参数个数和主键；PL/Perl 要核对返回是否为 undef、SKIP 或 MODIFY。DELETE 修改被忽略的报文是 WARNING，非法返回报文是 ERROR；不要把所有 39P01 都归为同一个 trigger 类型。

处置 {#response}

修正 trigger 的 timing、level、事件、参数和返回值契约；对 tcn 还要核对表主键和调用顺序。PL/Perl 的 WARNING 表示 DELETE 行修改被忽略，非法返回值则使调用失败；先确认原操作是否完成和业务是否接受该结果，再决定后续写入。修复契约后才重新执行。

版本 {#versions}

锁定目录从 7.4 记录该条件，并在正式快照及 19beta3 中出现；源码路径取 PostgreSQL 18.6。

来源 {#sources}

可直接阅读固定的 trigger.c、tcn.c 和 plperl.c 路径；完整范围见结构化证据记录。

比较版本

SQLSTATE 证据与已记录的运行版本

claims · identity

{
  "claim_id": "identity",
  "limits": "",
  "method": "Read the fixed definition row.",
  "position": 0,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "39P01 is trigger_protocol_violated in Class 39."
}

claims · core-trigger

{
  "claim_id": "core-trigger",
  "limits": "",
  "method": "Read each fixed trigger-manager context and its message.",
  "position": 1,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.path.trigger"
  ],
  "statement": "The core trigger manager reports this code when a trigger function sets the isnull flag, and for invalid BEFORE STATEMENT return values."
}

claims · tcn-contract

{
  "claim_id": "tcn-contract",
  "limits": "",
  "method": "Read the complete tcn checks around each report.",
  "position": 2,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.path.tcn"
  ],
  "statement": "contrib/tcn checks trigger invocation context, AFTER timing, row level, argument count, and primary-key setup with this code."
}

claims · language-severity

{
  "claim_id": "language-severity",
  "limits": "",
  "method": "Compare ereport levels and exact messages.",
  "position": 3,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.path.plperl"
  ],
  "statement": "PL/Perl has a WARNING variant for an ignored DELETE-row modification and an ERROR variant for an invalid trigger return value."
}

messages · message.trigger-null

{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.trigger-null",
  "path": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.trigger-null",
    "primary_template": "trigger function %u returned null value",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.trigger"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "39P01"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.trigger"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "trigger function returned null value",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "trigger function %u returned null value"
    }
  ]
}

messages · message.before-statement

{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.before-statement",
  "path": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.before-statement",
    "primary_template": "BEFORE STATEMENT trigger cannot return a value",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.trigger"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "39P01"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.trigger"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "BEFORE STATEMENT trigger cannot return a value",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "BEFORE STATEMENT trigger cannot return a value"
    }
  ]
}

messages · message.tcn-called-as-trigger

{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.tcn-called-as-trigger",
  "path": "",
  "position": 2,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.tcn-called-as-trigger",
    "primary_template": "triggered_change_notification: must be called as trigger",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.tcn"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "39P01"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.tcn"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "triggered_change_notification: must be called as trigger",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "triggered_change_notification: must be called as trigger"
    }
  ]
}

messages · message.tcn-after-change

{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.tcn-after-change",
  "path": "",
  "position": 3,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.tcn-after-change",
    "primary_template": "triggered_change_notification: must be called after the change",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.tcn"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "39P01"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.tcn"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "triggered_change_notification: must be called after the change",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "triggered_change_notification: must be called after the change"
    }
  ]
}

messages · message.tcn-each-row

{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.tcn-each-row",
  "path": "",
  "position": 4,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.tcn-each-row",
    "primary_template": "triggered_change_notification: must be called for each row",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.tcn"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "39P01"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.tcn"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "triggered_change_notification: must be called for each row",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "triggered_change_notification: must be called for each row"
    }
  ]
}

messages · message.tcn-one-parameter

{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.tcn-one-parameter",
  "path": "",
  "position": 5,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.tcn-one-parameter",
    "primary_template": "triggered_change_notification: must not be called with more than one parameter",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.tcn"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "39P01"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.tcn"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "triggered_change_notification: must not be called with more than one parameter",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "triggered_change_notification: must not be called with more than one parameter"
    }
  ]
}

messages · message.tcn-primary-key

{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.tcn-primary-key",
  "path": "",
  "position": 6,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.tcn-primary-key",
    "primary_template": "triggered_change_notification: must be called on a table with a primary key",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.tcn"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "39P01"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.tcn"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "triggered_change_notification: must be called on a table with a primary key",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "triggered_change_notification: must be called on a table with a primary key"
    }
  ]
}

messages · message.plperl-delete-warning

{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.plperl-delete-warning",
  "path": "",
  "position": 7,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.plperl-delete-warning",
    "primary_template": "ignoring modified row in DELETE trigger",
    "severity_source": "WARNING",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.plperl"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "39P01"
  },
  "severity": "WARNING",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.plperl"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "ignoring modified row in DELETE trigger",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "ignoring modified row in DELETE trigger"
    }
  ]
}

messages · message.plperl-invalid-return

{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.plperl-invalid-return",
  "path": "",
  "position": 8,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.plperl-invalid-return",
    "primary_template": "result of PL/Perl trigger function must be undef, \"SKIP\", or \"MODIFY\"",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.plperl"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "39P01"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.plperl"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "result of PL/Perl trigger function must be undef, \"SKIP\", or \"MODIFY\"",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "result of PL/Perl trigger function must be undef, \"SKIP\", or \"MODIFY\""
    }
  ]
}

sources · src.errcodes.18.6

{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt",
  "position": 0,
  "sha256": "6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba",
  "source_id": "src.errcodes.18.6",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt#L311"
}

sources · src.calls.REL_18_6

{
  "commit": "",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "local_artifact",
  "location": "",
  "path": "raw/calls/REL_18_6.jsonl",
  "position": 1,
  "sha256": "9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf",
  "source_id": "src.calls.REL_18_6",
  "tag": "",
  "url": ""
}

sources · src.path.trigger

{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/commands/trigger.c",
  "position": 2,
  "sha256": "0a539af85b0de1a04779f92202e7bfc77d85ae6da1747ea32527c67f39084fbd",
  "source_id": "src.path.trigger",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/commands/trigger.c#L2388-L2394"
}

sources · src.path.tcn

{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "contrib/tcn/tcn.c",
  "position": 3,
  "sha256": "fd1b0dfa65a4b3f15bddc5ae6d4b71505e448a5febdaa20c5da8839d2b54350d",
  "source_id": "src.path.tcn",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/contrib/tcn/tcn.c#L77-L110"
}

sources · src.path.plperl

{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/pl/plperl/plperl.c",
  "position": 4,
  "sha256": "90789190fd0bf5b53773b57b8c3287c88c35fbebdfa8310acab3f2d89910e4ba",
  "source_id": "src.path.plperl",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/pl/plperl/plperl.c#L2607-L2618"
}

来源引用

原始手册引用

完整定义与证据 JSON

定义来源

center · PostgreSQL 18 · english-manuals:78c5cae4e0aa0c243deee6fbbaea42866d5af54907a6fc35db6b2e62bc1d0f3c

正文语言: zh-Hans · english-manuals:78c5cae4e0aa0c243deee6fbbaea42866d5af54907a6fc35db6b2e62bc1d0f3c