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Wiki / SQLSTATE

23503 — foreign_key_violation：外键约束冲突

外键约束冲突，子行找不到匹配的父键。

英文手册覆盖始于 PostgreSQL 8.1. 来源历史与运行验证各自保留独立版本边界。

当前阅读 PG 18·选择有来源记录的版本

8.18.28.38.49.09.19.29.39.49.59.61011121314151617181920
aliases
未知
class name
Integrity Constraint Violation
condition name
foreign_key_violation
lang
en
sqlstate
23503

版本定义 PG 18

速览 {#at-a-glance}

23503 是 PostgreSQL 类别 23 integrity_constraint_violation 中的 foreign_key_violation 条件。子表插入或更新找不到匹配的父键，或者普通父表键操作触发外键规则，都可能产生它。在 PostgreSQL 18.6 中，父表 RESTRICT 分支改用 23001，因此应先按操作和完整诊断判断 SQLSTATE。

最有用的诊断字段是 SQLSTATE（C）、主报文（M）、detail（D），以及服务器提供时的 schema、table 和 constraint 字段。在 psycopg 中，这些字段位于 exc.sqlstate 和 exc.diag。重试前应保存完整诊断，因为当服务器可以展示键值时，detail 会指出缺少或仍被引用的键。

对于立即检查的外键约束，错误由违反约束的语句报告；延迟约束可以让语句先完成，并在 COMMIT 时报告 23503。自动提交下，立即失败的语句结束后连接可以执行下一条命令；显式事务中的立即失败会让事务变为 INERROR，必须执行 ROLLBACK 或回滚到 savepoint 后才能发送无关命令。代表性案例用真实的 parents/children 外键、有效父行和新的子行写入验证了修复。

案例 fk_insert_missing_parent 使用真实的 parents/children 外键，在 PostgreSQL 18.6 和隔离的 PostgreSQL 10.21 目标上均通过。run ID 和逐案例断言保存在公开证据 JSON中。

含义与触发路径 {#meaning}

子表上的外键指向父表的主键或合适的唯一键。PostgreSQL 会在子表 INSERT、改变键值的 UPDATE 时检查这种关系；父表键被更新或删除时，也会检查反向引用。约束是立即检查还是延迟检查，决定了错误出现的具体时点。

列的匹配规则同样重要。默认的 MATCH SIMPLE 下，只要引用键中有任意列为 NULL，该行就不必匹配父表。MATCH FULL 允许全为 NULL 的键，或全部非 NULL 且能匹配父键的键，但会拒绝 NULL 与非 NULL 混合的键。代表性案例只有一个 NOT NULL 列，因此有意没有演示这两种 NULL 规则。

对于父表 DELETE 或改变键值的 UPDATE，ON DELETE/UPDATE NO ACTION 可以在约束可延迟时等到约束检查时点；RESTRICT 要求立即检查且不能延迟。在固定的 PostgreSQL 18.6 源码中，RESTRICT 分支使用 23001（restrict_violation）及专用报文，而不是本页案例中的 23503。动作选择是关系契约的一部分；父表操作不能按“缺少父键”的子表插入来推断 SQLSTATE。

普通子行路径在 ri_triggers.c 中使用 insert or update on table "%s" violates foreign key constraint "%s" 模板。可选 detail 为 Key (%s)=(%s) is not present in table "%s".；服务器还会通过协议的 table 和 constraint 字段附加子表及约束身份。普通的父键删除或更新分支可使用另一套 23503 主报文；固定版本的 RESTRICT 分支例外地使用 23001。本页运行证据只覆盖缺少父行的子表写入，不覆盖父表动作。

23503 只说明关系检查失败，不直接给出业务修复。缺少父行可能是写入顺序错误、标识符错误、另一个事务尚未提交，或需要级联策略的有意删除。选择修复前应检查语句和约束定义。

报文与诊断 {#messages}

代表性操作创建父表和子表，不插入键 99 对应的父行，然后插入子行。下面的可执行摘录与 runner 使用同一触发和恢复顺序；实际运行时由隔离 harness 为名称加上模式限定。

CREATE TABLE parents(id integer PRIMARY KEY);
CREATE TABLE children(
    id integer PRIMARY KEY,
    parent_id integer NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT children_parent_fk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id) REFERENCES parents(id)
);
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO children VALUES (1, 99);
-- 服务器报告 23503，事务此时为 INERROR。
ROLLBACK;
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO parents VALUES (99);
INSERT INTO children VALUES (1, 99);
COMMIT;

PostgreSQL 18.6 的自然错误为：

SQLSTATE: 23503
severity: ERROR
message_primary: insert or update on table "children" violates foreign key constraint "children_parent_fk"
message_detail: Key (parent_id)=(99) is not present in table "parents".
schema_name: c23503_fk_insert_missing_parent
table_name: children
constraint_name: children_parent_fk
source: ri_triggers.c / ri_ReportViolation / line 2783

PostgreSQL 10.21 的主报文和 detail 相同；对应源码行为位于第 3266 行。detail 取决于服务器是否有权限描述键值，可能不存在。不要把本地化的英文报文当作协议契约：应按 23503 分支，再读取结构化字段和操作上下文。

诊断 {#diagnosis}

先记录失败语句、SQLSTATE、严重级别、主报文、detail、hint、服务器版本和事务状态。显式事务要分别记录错误后（INERROR）以及恢复后（IDLE 或 INTRANS）的状态。后续的 25P02 表示客户端在事务已经失败时发送了命令；它是后续状态，不能替代 23503。

使用 pg_constraint 和 pg_get_constraintdef() 检查命名约束及其引用关系。结合适用的隔离级别检查尝试写入的键和父表。如果父行由另一个事务创建，应确认写入和提交顺序是否符合设计；固定等待并不能证明父行已经可见。

对于父键删除或更新，检查引用行以及 ON DELETE、ON UPDATE 声明的动作。延迟外键可能允许违规语句暂时成功，而在 COMMIT 时才报告 23503。日志和重试逻辑应保留这一时点。

处理与修复 {#response}

选择符合关系语义的修复：

  • 像代表性案例一样，先创建或选择目标父行，再重试子行写入。
  • 如果子标识符过期或格式错误，修正子行标识符；不要关闭约束来掩盖数据错误。
  • 删除父行时，只有业务规则允许时才采用声明的级联、置空或限制动作；否则应先更新或归档引用行。
  • 如果父行由另一个事务写入，应采用能建立预期顺序和隔离级别的事务设计。回滚后重新读取，再决定是否重放旧的子行请求。

显式事务失败后，ROLLBACK 会丢弃其中的待提交工作并让连接回到 IDLE。当子行操作可选时，可以使用 savepoint 保留之前的工作。真正的修复应包括父行的实际读取、提交后的子行以及提交后查询；只执行 ROLLBACK 或打开新连接不能证明关系已经修好。

版本与边界 {#versions}

目录在 PostgreSQL 7.4 的锁定定义中已观察到 23503，并持续到 8.4.22 的 pre-9.0 定义；随后在列出的所有正式快照直到 PostgreSQL 18.6 以及 PostgreSQL 19 Beta 3 预览中存在。这是 definition_only 的存在边界，不是确切实现引入版本或运行时使用断言。扫描范围内没有记录该条件的定义变化。

代表性案例在 PostgreSQL 18.6 和 10.21 上通过。两个版本的源码行号不同；本页采用 SQLSTATE、约束身份和外键诊断形状作为兼容边界。延迟时点、权限、级联动作以及并发创建父行是独立维度，本次立即约束案例不覆盖它们。

相关 {#related}

23505 — unique_violation 处理唯一性不变量中的重复值。23502 — not_null_violation 处理必填列收到 NULL。40001 — serialization_failure 和 40P01 — deadlock_detected 描述可能围绕关系修复出现的并发结果。25P02 — in_failed_sql_transaction 是未处理错误之后的后续事务状态。

来源 {#sources}

本页结构化证据记录在公开证据 JSON中。源码记录固定到 PostgreSQL commit 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7；runtime 记录保留两个目标的 run ID 及结构化观察。

比较版本

SQLSTATE 证据与已记录的运行版本

cases · fk_insert_missing_parent
{
  "assertions": [
    "SQLSTATE is 23503",
    "The foreign-key constraint and child table are identified",
    "A valid parent and child row can be committed after rollback"
  ],
  "case_id": "fk_insert_missing_parent",
  "cleanup": "Drop the case schema with an owner connection.",
  "has_snippet": true,
  "position": 0,
  "preconditions": [
    "A parent table and a child table with a NOT DEFERRABLE foreign key",
    "The referenced key is absent"
  ],
  "repair": "Create or select the intended parent before inserting the child; do not disable the constraint to hide the data error.",
  "trigger": "Insert a child row whose parent key does not exist.",
  "versions": [
    "10",
    "18"
  ]
}
claims · identity.class-and-condition
{
  "claim_id": "identity.class-and-condition",
  "limits": "This establishes directory identity; it does not enumerate every foreign-key trigger path.",
  "method": "Read the frozen errcodes.txt class and condition rows.",
  "position": 0,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "23503 is the foreign_key_violation condition in Class 23 integrity_constraint_violation."
}
claims · runtime.ri-report
{
  "claim_id": "runtime.ri-report",
  "limits": "DETAIL is conditional on diagnostic visibility and the operation; parent deletion and deferred checks use different message shapes or timing.",
  "method": "Trace ri_ReportViolation in the fixed source and compare the protocol diagnostics from fk_insert_missing_parent.",
  "position": 1,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.ri-triggers.18.6",
    "doc.protocol.18"
  ],
  "statement": "The ordinary missing-parent path reports insert or update on table \"%s\" violates foreign key constraint \"%s\", conditionally adds Key (%s)=(%s) is not present in table \"%s\"., and attaches the child table and constraint."
}
claims · mechanism.parent-actions
{
  "claim_id": "mechanism.parent-actions",
  "limits": "This is a source boundary for parent-key operations, not runtime evidence for the missing-parent child insert case. SQLSTATE and primary text depend on the action branch and release.",
  "method": "Trace the fixed ri_ReportViolation branches for ordinary parent references and is_restrict, then compare the foreign-key action documentation.",
  "position": 2,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.ri-triggers.18.6",
    "doc.ddl.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "NO ACTION parent checks use the ordinary foreign-key violation branch and can be deferred when the constraint is deferrable; the fixed PostgreSQL 18.6 RESTRICT branch uses ERRCODE_RESTRICT_VIOLATION (23001) with a RESTRICT-specific message and cannot be deferred."
}
claims · runtime.transaction-recovery
{
  "claim_id": "runtime.transaction-recovery",
  "limits": "The representative case uses an immediate foreign key and does not establish deferred timing, cascading actions, or concurrent parent creation.",
  "method": "Run the missing-parent case on isolated PostgreSQL 18.6 and 10.21 targets and assert status transitions and the post-commit row.",
  "position": 3,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "doc.ddl.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "A failed child write leaves an explicit transaction INERROR until rollback; a valid parent and child can then be committed."
}
messages · message.ri.insert-update
{
  "limits": "The detail is conditional; parent delete/update paths use different primary and detail templates.",
  "message_id": "message.ri.insert-update",
  "path": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "detail_template": "Key (%s)=(%s) is not present in table \"%s\".",
    "id": "message.ri.insert-update",
    "limits": "The detail is conditional; parent delete/update paths use different primary and detail templates.",
    "primary_template": "insert or update on table \"%s\" violates foreign key constraint \"%s\"",
    "severity_source": "E",
    "sources": [
      "src.ri-triggers.18.6"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "23503"
  },
  "severity": "E",
  "sources": [
    "src.ri-triggers.18.6"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "insert or update on table \" \" violates foreign key constraint \" \"",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "insert or update on table \"%s\" violates foreign key constraint \"%s\""
    },
    {
      "kind": "detail",
      "literal": "Key ( )=( ) is not present in table \" \".",
      "position": 1,
      "role": "",
      "template": "Key (%s)=(%s) is not present in table \"%s\"."
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.ri.parent
{
  "limits": "This is the ordinary parent-key update/delete branch; the fixed RESTRICT branch uses SQLSTATE 23001 and different wording.",
  "message_id": "message.ri.parent",
  "path": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "detail_template": "Key (%s)=(%s) is still referenced from table \"%s\".",
    "id": "message.ri.parent",
    "limits": "This is the ordinary parent-key update/delete branch; the fixed RESTRICT branch uses SQLSTATE 23001 and different wording.",
    "primary_template": "update or delete on table \"%s\" violates foreign key constraint \"%s\" on table \"%s\"",
    "severity_source": "explicit ERROR with ERRCODE_FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION",
    "sources": [
      "src.ri-triggers.18.6"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "23503"
  },
  "severity": "explicit ERROR with ERRCODE_FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION",
  "sources": [
    "src.ri-triggers.18.6"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "update or delete on table \" \" violates foreign key constraint \" \" on table \" \"",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "update or delete on table \"%s\" violates foreign key constraint \"%s\" on table \"%s\""
    },
    {
      "kind": "detail",
      "literal": "Key ( )=( ) is still referenced from table \" \".",
      "position": 1,
      "role": "",
      "template": "Key (%s)=(%s) is still referenced from table \"%s\"."
    }
  ]
}
runtimes · runtime.23503-final-20260909.latest · 18.6 (Homebrew) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "fk_insert_missing_parent"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "cases": [
      "fk_insert_missing_parent"
    ],
    "id": "runtime.23503-final-20260909.latest",
    "raw": "verify/results/23503-final-20260909/latest/raw.jsonl",
    "run_id": "23503-final-20260909",
    "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
    "server_version_num": 180006,
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/23503-final-20260909/latest/summary.json",
    "target": "latest"
  },
  "run_id": "23503-final-20260909",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.23503-final-20260909.latest",
  "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "latest"
}
runtimes · runtime.23503-final-20260909.pg10 · 10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "fk_insert_missing_parent"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "cases": [
      "fk_insert_missing_parent"
    ],
    "id": "runtime.23503-final-20260909.pg10",
    "image": "postgres@sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
    "raw": "verify/results/23503-final-20260909/pg10/raw.jsonl",
    "run_id": "23503-final-20260909",
    "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
    "server_version_num": 100021,
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/23503-final-20260909/pg10/summary.json",
    "target": "pg10"
  },
  "run_id": "23503-final-20260909",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.23503-final-20260909.pg10",
  "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "pg10"
}
runtimes · runtime.23503-explicit-begin-final-20260909.latest · 18.6 (Homebrew) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "fk_insert_missing_parent"
  ],
  "limits": "This rerun proves the page's explicit BEGIN around the post-rollback repair; it does not test deferred or cascading foreign keys.",
  "position": 2,
  "raw": {
    "cases": [
      "fk_insert_missing_parent"
    ],
    "id": "runtime.23503-explicit-begin-final-20260909.latest",
    "limits": "This rerun proves the page's explicit BEGIN around the post-rollback repair; it does not test deferred or cascading foreign keys.",
    "observed": {
      "repair_transaction": "BEGIN; INSERT parent; INSERT child; COMMIT",
      "rows": [
        [
          1,
          99
        ]
      ],
      "sqlstate": "23503",
      "status_after_error": "INERROR",
      "status_after_rollback": "IDLE"
    },
    "raw": "verify/results/23503-explicit-begin-final-20260909/latest/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "448d0fb4e045829071281cbf3b41be2be070932288191012cc3b766a038f0f2d",
    "run_id": "23503-explicit-begin-final-20260909",
    "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
    "server_version_num": 180006,
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/23503-explicit-begin-final-20260909/latest/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "dcbbb3ede7e424622275a30b8e4ddee2e8e0dc71ea46a78aba1f9c40403626a0",
    "target": "latest"
  },
  "run_id": "23503-explicit-begin-final-20260909",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.23503-explicit-begin-final-20260909.latest",
  "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "latest"
}
runtimes · runtime.23503-explicit-begin-final-20260909.pg10 · 10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "fk_insert_missing_parent"
  ],
  "limits": "This rerun proves the page's explicit BEGIN around the post-rollback repair; it does not test deferred or cascading foreign keys.",
  "position": 3,
  "raw": {
    "cases": [
      "fk_insert_missing_parent"
    ],
    "id": "runtime.23503-explicit-begin-final-20260909.pg10",
    "image": "postgres@sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
    "limits": "This rerun proves the page's explicit BEGIN around the post-rollback repair; it does not test deferred or cascading foreign keys.",
    "observed": {
      "repair_transaction": "BEGIN; INSERT parent; INSERT child; COMMIT",
      "rows": [
        [
          1,
          99
        ]
      ],
      "sqlstate": "23503",
      "status_after_error": "INERROR",
      "status_after_rollback": "IDLE"
    },
    "raw": "verify/results/23503-explicit-begin-final-20260909/pg10/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "0d3f8a56d5b50bb184ce791c5c88db1e1ddac4f43ba220829a773796c044f58e",
    "run_id": "23503-explicit-begin-final-20260909",
    "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
    "server_version_num": 100021,
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/23503-explicit-begin-final-20260909/pg10/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "c92079153f22913d9a75ccf5dbbe19d4983c75f553572cdc10e755d3fc8b943e",
    "target": "pg10"
  },
  "run_id": "23503-explicit-begin-final-20260909",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.23503-explicit-begin-final-20260909.pg10",
  "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "pg10"
}
runtimes · runtime.23503-registry-final-20260909.latest · 18.6 (Homebrew) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "fk_insert_missing_parent"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 4,
  "raw": {
    "cases": [
      "fk_insert_missing_parent"
    ],
    "id": "runtime.23503-registry-final-20260909.latest",
    "observed": {
      "message_detail": "Key (parent_id)=(99) is not present in table \"parents\".",
      "message_primary": "insert or update on table \"children\" violates foreign key constraint \"children_parent_fk\"",
      "rows": [
        [
          1,
          99
        ]
      ],
      "source": "ri_triggers.c / ri_ReportViolation / line 2783",
      "sqlstate": "23503",
      "statuses": {
        "after_commit": "IDLE",
        "after_error": "INERROR",
        "after_rollback": "IDLE"
      }
    },
    "raw": "verify/results/23503-registry-final-20260909/latest/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "977b16fea3508fc6efef5a9d353500ae0036dfa28bab4e857eba86167a5b52af",
    "run_id": "23503-registry-final-20260909",
    "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
    "server_version_num": 180006,
    "snippet_registry": {
      "path": "verify/cases/23503/snippets.json",
      "sha256": "63d0f78a47023e343cf8b38f4168021e68ccdd875bb64f35b5e42e68394779e3"
    },
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/23503-registry-final-20260909/latest/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "301bd9183ceb223bd5898315316ab5c666a89dc10c5b48333e54bcdafcab873a",
    "target": "latest"
  },
  "run_id": "23503-registry-final-20260909",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.23503-registry-final-20260909.latest",
  "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "latest"
}
runtimes · runtime.23503-registry-final-20260909.pg10 · 10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "fk_insert_missing_parent"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 5,
  "raw": {
    "cases": [
      "fk_insert_missing_parent"
    ],
    "id": "runtime.23503-registry-final-20260909.pg10",
    "image": "postgres@sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
    "observed": {
      "message_detail": "Key (parent_id)=(99) is not present in table \"parents\".",
      "message_primary": "insert or update on table \"children\" violates foreign key constraint \"children_parent_fk\"",
      "rows": [
        [
          1,
          99
        ]
      ],
      "source": "ri_triggers.c / ri_ReportViolation / line 3266",
      "sqlstate": "23503",
      "statuses": {
        "after_commit": "IDLE",
        "after_error": "INERROR",
        "after_rollback": "IDLE"
      }
    },
    "raw": "verify/results/23503-registry-final-20260909/pg10/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "02bc2125919383ed4e9847d7cdf45e3ca235b325c5c36fa9d9e1984d27a45c5d",
    "run_id": "23503-registry-final-20260909",
    "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
    "server_version_num": 100021,
    "snippet_registry": {
      "path": "verify/cases/23503/snippets.json",
      "sha256": "63d0f78a47023e343cf8b38f4168021e68ccdd875bb64f35b5e42e68394779e3"
    },
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/23503-registry-final-20260909/pg10/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "0aba93166977cc979499f62acee75df0f0b86587e3b0309795da0de2476209de",
    "target": "pg10"
  },
  "run_id": "23503-registry-final-20260909",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.23503-registry-final-20260909.pg10",
  "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "pg10"
}
runtimes · runtime.23503-fk-manual-final-20260909.latest · 18.6 (Homebrew) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "fk_insert_missing_parent"
  ],
  "limits": "This run proves that the registry BEGIN/ROLLBACK/BEGIN/COMMIT sequence executes with autocommit=True; it covers the single-parent foreign-key case.",
  "position": 6,
  "raw": {
    "cases": [
      "fk_insert_missing_parent"
    ],
    "id": "runtime.23503-fk-manual-final-20260909.latest",
    "limits": "This run proves that the registry BEGIN/ROLLBACK/BEGIN/COMMIT sequence executes with autocommit=True; it covers the single-parent foreign-key case.",
    "observed": {
      "connection_autocommit": true,
      "diagnostic": {
        "message_detail": "Key (parent_id)=(99) is not present in table \"parents\".",
        "message_primary": "insert or update on table \"children\" violates foreign key constraint \"children_parent_fk\"",
        "sqlstate": "23503"
      },
      "rows": [
        [
          1,
          99
        ]
      ],
      "statuses": {
        "after_commit": "IDLE",
        "after_error": "INERROR",
        "after_rollback": "IDLE"
      },
      "transaction_control": [
        "BEGIN",
        "ROLLBACK",
        "BEGIN",
        "COMMIT"
      ]
    },
    "raw": "verify/results/23503-fk-manual-final-20260909/latest/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "442dbfa57497ce15440689645d531f493890d35e8841308ade267514244b68e5",
    "run_id": "23503-fk-manual-final-20260909",
    "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
    "server_version_num": 180006,
    "snippet_registry": {
      "path": "verify/cases/23503/snippets.json",
      "sha256": "63d0f78a47023e343cf8b38f4168021e68ccdd875bb64f35b5e42e68394779e3"
    },
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/23503-fk-manual-final-20260909/latest/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "e3029aab946d6e097e1c741d918937583f4ae6c8f0af24e118667b50396bcddb",
    "target": "latest"
  },
  "run_id": "23503-fk-manual-final-20260909",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.23503-fk-manual-final-20260909.latest",
  "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "latest"
}
runtimes · runtime.23503-fk-manual-final-20260909.pg10 · 10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "fk_insert_missing_parent"
  ],
  "limits": "This run proves that the registry BEGIN/ROLLBACK/BEGIN/COMMIT sequence executes with autocommit=True; it covers the single-parent foreign-key case.",
  "position": 7,
  "raw": {
    "cases": [
      "fk_insert_missing_parent"
    ],
    "id": "runtime.23503-fk-manual-final-20260909.pg10",
    "image": "postgres@sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
    "limits": "This run proves that the registry BEGIN/ROLLBACK/BEGIN/COMMIT sequence executes with autocommit=True; it covers the single-parent foreign-key case.",
    "observed": {
      "connection_autocommit": true,
      "diagnostic": {
        "message_detail": "Key (parent_id)=(99) is not present in table \"parents\".",
        "message_primary": "insert or update on table \"children\" violates foreign key constraint \"children_parent_fk\"",
        "sqlstate": "23503"
      },
      "rows": [
        [
          1,
          99
        ]
      ],
      "statuses": {
        "after_commit": "IDLE",
        "after_error": "INERROR",
        "after_rollback": "IDLE"
      },
      "transaction_control": [
        "BEGIN",
        "ROLLBACK",
        "BEGIN",
        "COMMIT"
      ]
    },
    "raw": "verify/results/23503-fk-manual-final-20260909/pg10/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "05887d0f8e900ab9230ac677b112119303e6de9d2bde0da7f743e1649bd213be",
    "run_id": "23503-fk-manual-final-20260909",
    "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
    "server_version_num": 100021,
    "snippet_registry": {
      "path": "verify/cases/23503/snippets.json",
      "sha256": "63d0f78a47023e343cf8b38f4168021e68ccdd875bb64f35b5e42e68394779e3"
    },
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/23503-fk-manual-final-20260909/pg10/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "433729dd2e043777d52910ceb7ca71c437a06d0a746b42385f5a7c5411893e68",
    "target": "pg10"
  },
  "run_id": "23503-fk-manual-final-20260909",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.23503-fk-manual-final-20260909.pg10",
  "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "pg10"
}
sources · src.errcodes.18.6
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "",
  "location": "lines 235-241",
  "path": "src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt",
  "position": 0,
  "sha256": "6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba",
  "source_id": "src.errcodes.18.6",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt"
}
sources · src.ri-triggers.18.6
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "",
  "location": "lines 2761-2809",
  "path": "src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c",
  "position": 1,
  "sha256": "a3fed49fbda88fe0fe5bcf35eb019fced28596ae4046233f2acb2eb9f90ab1da",
  "source_id": "src.ri-triggers.18.6",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c#L2761-L2809"
}
sources · doc.ddl.18.6
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "",
  "location": "foreign-key constraints",
  "path": "doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml",
  "position": 2,
  "sha256": "ce1919d9236f2e71672660e1a347146472e966e4d19b77fde5ae345dd1db6ec7",
  "source_id": "doc.ddl.18.6",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/18/ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-FK"
}
sources · doc.protocol.18
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "",
  "location": "ErrorResponse fields",
  "path": "doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml",
  "position": 3,
  "sha256": "745339e07ebbc2bb67d98b258e25772ada644ef26011e3cd6b3fcbb435235f89",
  "source_id": "doc.protocol.18",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/18/protocol-error-fields.html"
}

来源引用

完整定义与证据 JSON

定义来源

center · PostgreSQL 18 · english-manuals:589cc23b6cf670a34b7b062b6987cd58406e82d29cfdd85ebd0eaa42cd060276

正文语言: zh-Hans · english-manuals:589cc23b6cf670a34b7b062b6987cd58406e82d29cfdd85ebd0eaa42cd060276