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Wiki / SQLSTATE

42804 — 数据类型不匹配（datatype_mismatch）

表达式类型与目标上下文要求的类型不符。

英文手册覆盖始于 PostgreSQL 8.1. 来源历史与运行验证各自保留独立版本边界。

当前阅读 PG 18·选择有来源记录的版本

8.18.28.38.49.09.19.29.39.49.59.61011121314151617181920
aliases
未知
class name
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
condition name
datatype_mismatch
lang
en
sqlstate
42804

版本定义 PG 18

42804 — 数据类型不匹配（datatype_mismatch）

速览 {#at-a-glance}

42804 是 datatype_mismatch（数据类型不匹配）：表达式或定义类型不同于目标上下文。本页选择整数列使用文本默认值。

含义 {#meaning}

cookDefault 路径报告 column "%s" is of type %s but default expression is of type %s 并提示重写或 cast。同一 SQLSTATE 还覆盖 INSERT/UPDATE 目标赋值的 column "%s" is of type %s but expression is of type %s，以及 CASE/UNION 公共类型选择的 %s types %s and %s cannot be matched。它不同于 22P02（已选类型的输入解析器拒绝值）和 42846（选定公共目标没有转换路径）。检查 pg_attribute.atttypid、pg_type、pg_get_expr 以及实际表达式上下文；自动提交 CREATE 失败后为 IDLE。

诊断 {#diagnosis}

确认目标列或结果类型，再检查 pg_attribute.atttypid、pg_type，以及默认值或生成表达式的 pg_get_expr。INSERT/UPDATE 要对照赋值表达式与目标列类型；CASE/UNION 要检查参与公共类型选择的每个分支或输入。先依据诊断中展开的源/目标类型和位置，再决定 cast。

处理 {#response}

让表达式直接产生目标类型，或添加已理解语义的有效 cast。赋值场景应修正产生方或转成目标列类型；CASE/UNION 应让分支具有预期的公共类型。22P02 的输入错误不能靠改字符串后就当成类型匹配；如果没有转换路径，也应按源码区分 42846，不能误写成 42804。案例用 DEFAULT 1，插入默认行并读回 1。显式事务中定义或赋值失败会进入 INERROR，应先回滚或回到合适的 savepoint；本案例的自动提交失败才会回到 IDLE。

实测诊断 {#messages}

固定源码组都是 ERROR 变体。本案例 heap.c 主模板为 column "%s" is of type %s but default expression is of type %s，提示为 You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.；赋值路径使用 column "%s" is of type %s but expression is of type %s 和同一提示；CASE/UNION 等公共类型路径使用 %s types %s and %s cannot be matched。值输入失败是 22P02；选定公共类型后无法转换表达式则是 42846。

代表案例 {#case}

注册表先定义整数列与显式文本默认值，再创建匹配定义、插入默认行并核对。

CREATE TABLE syntax_schema.mismatch_table (value integer DEFAULT 'x'::text);
CREATE TABLE syntax_schema.mismatch_table (value integer DEFAULT 1);
INSERT INTO syntax_schema.mismatch_table DEFAULT VALUES;
SELECT value FROM syntax_schema.mismatch_table;

选定的 18.6 与 10.21 运行均通过 SQLSTATE、严重级别、状态/恢复、修复、清理和一次性实例停止断言。详见 案例 JSON 与 作者证据；私有清单和注册表哈希也记录在其中。

版本 {#versions}

锁定目录从 7.4 存在边界起包含该条件并列出相关快照。选定自然案例已在 PostgreSQL 18.6 与 10.21 通过；这是有界观察，不能推断所有中间版本或所有源码分支。

相关 {#related}

来源 {#sources}

  • src.errcodes.REL_18_6 — fixed definition at 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7; SHA-256 6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba (source).
  • src.datatype-default.18.6 — src/backend/catalog/heap.c lines 3413–3420 at 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7; blob SHA-256 e720ee58279590793edd0985b3c910970ef56e7361b8ef92e245370587e02a0e (source).
  • src.datatype-default.10.23 — src/backend/catalog/heap.c lines 2679–2686 at 02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4; blob SHA-256 285e1e2f8024acb58497735bcbd8e605e7cfdd224e442becdee6a5b0e7ac7cf6 (source).
  • src.assignment-target.18.6 — src/backend/parser/parse_target.c lines 575–596 at 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7; blob SHA-256 4f0cda351acc3e2854bf55514e69cf8b7de6ad82e1535045e4523581ca0d943c (source).
  • src.assignment-target.10.23 — src/backend/parser/parse_target.c lines 570–596 at 02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4; blob SHA-256 808bfadd7717d711bc71eb85b7ecd343c742ccc8f6f3087164ed20da098b6d7d (source).
  • src.common-type.18.6 — src/backend/parser/parse_coerce.c lines 1327–1425 at 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7; blob SHA-256 6ac3ddab06edff28e9a694c64fb7f559315cf488bfa4392bc14c24e559f6bd2e (source).
  • src.common-type.10.23 — src/backend/parser/parse_coerce.c lines 1217–1311 at 02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4; blob SHA-256 ed778c872fe4f2b8742828795566c3eaa24e7af3ce747fbf844c374d673593d3 (source).
  • src.common-coerce.18.6 — src/backend/parser/parse_coerce.c lines 1564–1593 at 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7; blob SHA-256 6ac3ddab06edff28e9a694c64fb7f559315cf488bfa4392bc14c24e559f6bd2e (source).
  • src.common-coerce.10.23 — src/backend/parser/parse_coerce.c lines 1349–1378 at 02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4; blob SHA-256 ed778c872fe4f2b8742828795566c3eaa24e7af3ce747fbf844c374d673593d3 (source).
  • src.calls.REL_18_6 / src.calls.REL_10_23 — fixed call scans, SHA-256 9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf / 00d16d3eb01b71ccf1b245c8f3102f9d0ec9f36fb02777b8dd1b99fcb263040c.
  • manifest.42804 / snippet-registry.42804 — hashes are recorded in evidence/42804.json and each runtime record.

比较版本

SQLSTATE 证据与已记录的运行版本

cases · default_type_mismatch
{
  "assertions": [
    "SQLSTATE is 42804 with the type mismatch and rewrite/cast hint",
    "The failed autocommit session remains IDLE",
    "A matching integer default can be inserted and read back"
  ],
  "case_id": "default_type_mismatch",
  "cleanup": "Drop the runner schema and its table.",
  "has_snippet": true,
  "position": 0,
  "preconditions": [
    "A runner-owned disposable target is provisioned."
  ],
  "repair": "Make the expression type match the column or add a deliberate, valid cast; input-value errors such as 22P02 are a different path.",
  "trigger": "Define an integer column whose default expression is explicitly text.",
  "versions": [
    "10",
    "18"
  ]
}
claims · identity.class-and-condition
{
  "claim_id": "identity.class-and-condition",
  "limits": "Identity does not identify every backend call that can reuse this SQLSTATE.",
  "method": "Read fixed errcodes.txt and locked catalogue metadata.",
  "position": 0,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.REL_18_6"
  ],
  "statement": "42804 is the datatype_mismatch condition in Class 42."
}
claims · mechanism.selected-source-path
{
  "claim_id": "mechanism.selected-source-path",
  "limits": "This is one mechanism boundary, not an exhaustive inventory of the code.",
  "method": "Trace the REL_18_6 and REL_10_23 source-call records at the locked commits.",
  "position": 1,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.datatype-default.18.6",
    "src.datatype-default.10.23"
  ],
  "statement": "The selected default_type_mismatch follows a resolved PostgreSQL source-call group; other branches can use different dynamic fields."
}
claims · mechanism.reader-boundary
{
  "claim_id": "mechanism.reader-boundary",
  "limits": "The claim describes the selected path and does not generalize to every branch sharing this SQLSTATE.",
  "method": "Combine the selected source call, registry SQL, and passed structured assertions.",
  "position": 2,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.datatype-default.18.6",
    "src.datatype-default.10.23",
    "src.assignment-target.18.6",
    "src.assignment-target.10.23",
    "src.common-type.18.6",
    "src.common-type.10.23",
    "src.common-coerce.18.6",
    "src.common-coerce.10.23",
    "snippet-registry.42804"
  ],
  "statement": "Definition, target-column assignment, and CASE/UNION common-type contexts must agree on types; the fixed assignment and common-type branches are distinct from 22P02 input rejection and 42846 inability to coerce."
}
claims · mechanism.assignment-and-common-type
{
  "claim_id": "mechanism.assignment-and-common-type",
  "limits": "These are source-backed variants; the selected runtime exercised only the default-expression branch.",
  "method": "Read the complete fixed parse_target.c and parse_coerce.c branches in both locked source snapshots.",
  "position": 3,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.assignment-target.18.6",
    "src.assignment-target.10.23",
    "src.common-type.18.6",
    "src.common-type.10.23",
    "src.common-coerce.18.6",
    "src.common-coerce.10.23"
  ],
  "statement": "transformAssignedExpr raises 42804 when target-column coercion fails, while select_common_type raises 42804 when CASE/UNION inputs have incompatible type categories; a later failed coercion to an already selected common type is 42846."
}
claims · runtime.representative-case
{
  "claim_id": "runtime.representative-case",
  "limits": "Scope is limited to these statements, psycopg, and two versions.",
  "method": "Run the shared SQL registry and inspect SQLSTATE, severity, state, repair, cleanup, and target stop.",
  "position": 4,
  "runtime": [
    "runtime.syntax2-42804-latest.latest",
    "runtime.syntax2-42804-pg10.pg10"
  ],
  "sources": [
    "manifest.42804",
    "snippet-registry.42804"
  ],
  "statement": "The selected default_type_mismatch passed on isolated PostgreSQL 18.6 and 10.21 targets."
}
claims · versions.catalogue-boundary
{
  "claim_id": "versions.catalogue-boundary",
  "limits": "Definition presence is not an exact behavioral introduction; two runtime versions do not prove every intermediate behavior.",
  "method": "Read generated facts, fixed calls, and selected summaries.",
  "position": 5,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.REL_18_6",
    "src.calls.REL_18_6",
    "src.calls.REL_10_23"
  ],
  "statement": "The locked catalogue records 42804 from the 7.4 presence bound through the listed snapshots; runtime scope is 18.6 and 10.21."
}
messages · message.default_type_mismatch
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.default_type_mismatch",
  "path": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "hint_template": "You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.",
    "id": "message.default_type_mismatch",
    "primary_template": "column \"%s\" is of type %s but default expression is of type %s",
    "severity_source": "explicit ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.datatype-default.18.6",
      "src.datatype-default.10.23"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "42804"
  },
  "severity": "explicit ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.datatype-default.18.6",
    "src.datatype-default.10.23"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "column \" \" is of type but default expression is of type",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "column \"%s\" is of type %s but default expression is of type %s"
    },
    {
      "kind": "hint",
      "literal": "You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.",
      "position": 1,
      "role": "",
      "template": "You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.assignment_type_mismatch
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.assignment_type_mismatch",
  "path": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "hint_template": "You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.",
    "id": "message.assignment_type_mismatch",
    "primary_template": "column \"%s\" is of type %s but expression is of type %s",
    "severity_source": "explicit ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.assignment-target.18.6",
      "src.assignment-target.10.23"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "42804"
  },
  "severity": "explicit ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.assignment-target.18.6",
    "src.assignment-target.10.23"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "column \" \" is of type but expression is of type",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "column \"%s\" is of type %s but expression is of type %s"
    },
    {
      "kind": "hint",
      "literal": "You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.",
      "position": 1,
      "role": "",
      "template": "You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.common_type_mismatch
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.common_type_mismatch",
  "path": "",
  "position": 2,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.common_type_mismatch",
    "primary_template": "%s types %s and %s cannot be matched",
    "scope": "CASE/UNION and similar common-type selection contexts",
    "severity_source": "explicit ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.common-type.18.6",
      "src.common-type.10.23"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "42804"
  },
  "severity": "explicit ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.common-type.18.6",
    "src.common-type.10.23"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "types and cannot be matched",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "%s types %s and %s cannot be matched"
    }
  ]
}
runtimes · runtime.syntax2-42804-latest.latest · 18.6 (Homebrew) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "default_type_mismatch"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "assertions": [
      {
        "expected": "42804",
        "name": "42804 SQLSTATE",
        "observed": "42804",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "ERROR",
        "name": "42804 ERROR severity",
        "observed": "ERROR",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "column \"value\" is of type integer but default expression is of type text",
        "name": "42804 primary diagnostic",
        "observed": "column \"value\" is of type integer but default expression is of type text",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.",
        "name": "datatype mismatch preserves the cast/rewrite hint",
        "observed": "You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "IDLE",
        "name": "datatype mismatch leaves autocommit session usable",
        "observed": "IDLE",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": {
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": 1
        },
        "name": "matching default expression repairs table definition",
        "observed": {
          "error": true,
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": 1
        },
        "passed": true
      }
    ],
    "case_manifest": {
      "id": "manifest.42804",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42804/cases.json",
      "sha256": "05413a4b7a2096ddd8755efc43e853413838383fc32d89f73c769917ebada6f9",
      "source_role": "case_manifest"
    },
    "cases": [
      "default_type_mismatch"
    ],
    "cleanup": {
      "errors": [],
      "passed": true
    },
    "environment": {
      "TimeZone": "Asia/Shanghai",
      "backend_pid": 29825,
      "binary": {
        "bindir": "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/postgresql@18/18.6/bin",
        "pg_config": "/opt/homebrew/bin/pg_config",
        "pg_config_version": "PostgreSQL 18.6 (Homebrew)",
        "postgres": "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/postgresql@18/18.6/bin/postgres"
      },
      "connection_scope": "runner-owned localhost port",
      "current_user": "runner",
      "docker": {},
      "lc_messages": "C",
      "libpq_version": "18.6",
      "locale": "C.UTF-8",
      "log_destination": "csvlog,jsonlog",
      "log_error_verbosity": "verbose",
      "log_min_error_statement": "error",
      "log_min_messages": "error",
      "logging_collector": "on",
      "machine": "arm64",
      "max_connections": "100",
      "platform": "macOS-26.6.2-arm64-arm-64bit-Mach-O",
      "psycopg_version": "3.3.5",
      "python_version": "3.14.6 (main, Jun 10 2026, 10:03:53) [Clang 21.0.0 (clang-2100.0.123.102)]",
      "server_encoding": "UTF8",
      "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
      "server_version_num": "180006",
      "target_kind": "latest",
      "wal_level": "logical"
    },
    "id": "runtime.syntax2-42804-latest.latest",
    "observed": {
      "connection_autocommit": true,
      "diagnostic": {
        "column_name": null,
        "constraint_name": null,
        "context": null,
        "datatype_name": null,
        "exception_type": "DatatypeMismatch",
        "internal_position": null,
        "internal_query": null,
        "message_detail": null,
        "message_hint": "You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.",
        "message_primary": "column \"value\" is of type integer but default expression is of type text",
        "schema_name": null,
        "severity": "ERROR",
        "severity_nonlocalized": "ERROR",
        "source_file": "heap.c",
        "source_function": "cookDefault",
        "source_line": "3420",
        "sqlstate": "42804",
        "statement_position": null,
        "table_name": null,
        "text": "column \"value\" is of type integer but default expression is of type text\nHINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."
      },
      "failed_status": "IDLE",
      "repair_status": "IDLE",
      "repair_value": 1
    },
    "raw": "verify/results/syntax2-42804-latest/latest/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "80e9dbafb1a45c96b8a6e104b704a9536fef7c7e93e208b7e47663df03846c12",
    "run_id": "syntax2-42804-latest",
    "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
    "server_version_num": 180006,
    "snippet_registry": {
      "id": "snippet-registry.42804",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42804/snippets.json",
      "sha256": "614d9ba401e016a67127a3daf08dd1b70139fa54ef26037c32ad668a5c40873b",
      "source_role": "snippet_registry"
    },
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/syntax2-42804-latest/latest/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "fcb8c1ffc71d0018c42bdc6cae3aa4cfcbf7b0783a058c899ff5c7e1d3f7ca6a",
    "target": "latest",
    "target_stop": {
      "argv": [
        "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/postgresql@18/18.6/bin/pg_ctl",
        "-D",
        "/Users/vonng/pgcenter/err-code/.cache/runtime/syntax2-42804-latest/latest/data",
        "-m",
        "fast",
        "-w",
        "stop"
      ],
      "elapsed_seconds": 0.116,
      "returncode": 0,
      "stderr": "",
      "stdout": "waiting for server to shut down.... done\nserver stopped\n"
    }
  },
  "run_id": "syntax2-42804-latest",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.syntax2-42804-latest.latest",
  "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "latest"
}
runtimes · runtime.syntax2-42804-pg10.pg10 · 10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "default_type_mismatch"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "assertions": [
      {
        "expected": "42804",
        "name": "42804 SQLSTATE",
        "observed": "42804",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "ERROR",
        "name": "42804 ERROR severity",
        "observed": "ERROR",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "column \"value\" is of type integer but default expression is of type text",
        "name": "42804 primary diagnostic",
        "observed": "column \"value\" is of type integer but default expression is of type text",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.",
        "name": "datatype mismatch preserves the cast/rewrite hint",
        "observed": "You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "IDLE",
        "name": "datatype mismatch leaves autocommit session usable",
        "observed": "IDLE",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": {
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": 1
        },
        "name": "matching default expression repairs table definition",
        "observed": {
          "error": true,
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": 1
        },
        "passed": true
      }
    ],
    "case_manifest": {
      "id": "manifest.42804",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42804/cases.json",
      "sha256": "05413a4b7a2096ddd8755efc43e853413838383fc32d89f73c769917ebada6f9",
      "source_role": "case_manifest"
    },
    "cases": [
      "default_type_mismatch"
    ],
    "cleanup": {
      "errors": [],
      "passed": true
    },
    "environment": {
      "TimeZone": "Etc/UTC",
      "backend_pid": 79,
      "binary": {},
      "connection_scope": "runner-owned localhost port",
      "current_user": "postgres",
      "docker": {
        "architecture": "arm64",
        "command": "/usr/local/bin/docker",
        "digest": "sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
        "id": "sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
        "image": "postgres:10",
        "image_created": "2022-06-23T09:11:18.374607054Z",
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sources · src.errcodes.REL_18_6
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sources · src.calls.REL_18_6
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sources · src.calls.REL_10_23
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sources · src.datatype-default.18.6
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sources · src.datatype-default.10.23
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sources · src.assignment-target.18.6
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sources · src.assignment-target.10.23
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sources · src.common-type.18.6
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sources · src.common-type.10.23
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sources · src.common-coerce.18.6
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sources · src.common-coerce.10.23
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sources · manifest.42804
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sources · snippet-registry.42804
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}

来源引用

完整定义与证据 JSON

定义来源

center · PostgreSQL 18 · english-manuals:388f3bb9eb2d1a86bca3a334072151c2e77e54457368d149b589686e2da98bcf

正文语言: zh-Hans · english-manuals:388f3bb9eb2d1a86bca3a334072151c2e77e54457368d149b589686e2da98bcf