↑↓ 选择↵ 打开⌫ 切换范围完整搜索

PG.CENTER 连接 PostgreSQL 文档、百科与生态知识。由 Pigsty 维护。

Wiki / SQLSTATE

54011 \u2014 too_many_columns

对象定义的列数超过上限，如表属性或索引键。

英文手册覆盖始于 PostgreSQL 8.1. 来源历史与运行验证各自保留独立版本边界。

当前阅读 PG 18·选择有来源记录的版本

8.18.28.38.49.09.19.29.39.49.59.61011121314151617181920
aliases
未知
class name
Program Limit Exceeded
condition name
too_many_columns
lang
en
sqlstate
54011

版本定义 PG 18

54011

速览 {#at-a-glance}

54011 表示物理 tuple descriptor 或相关对象定义超过固定列数上限。源码路径决定计数对象是表属性、索引键加 INCLUDE 列、分区键、统计维度还是产生行的定义。

含义 {#meaning}

固定消息包括实际/上限列数、表最多列数、索引最多列数、分区键上限和统计专用变体。表计数使用物理属性号：已删除列仍占 tuple descriptor 槽位，所以可见列数可能低于 relnatts。索引键与 INCLUDE、分区键和统计维度各有独立上限，虽然都使用此 SQLSTATE。

锁定的 18.6 构建中，相关常量分别是用户表属性 MaxHeapAttributeNumber = 1600、tuple 属性 MaxTupleAttributeNumber = 1664、INDEX_MAX_KEYS = 32、PARTITION_MAX_KEYS = 32 以及 STATS_MAX_DIMENSIONS = 8。这些数值属于不同 guard；服务器诊断中的实际 count 和 limit 字段仍是判断依据。

诊断 {#diagnosis}

从消息和上下文读取对象类型、实际数、上限和 DDL 操作。表或继承表要检查 pg_class.relnatts 与包含 attisdropped 的 pg_attribute，不能只数可见列名。索引 DDL 要把 INCLUDE 列算入，分区和 extended statistics 则检查各自的键/维度数；FROM 中函数的 column definition list 也有 54011 的行形状上限。

处理 {#response}

减少或拆分对象定义，改用其他索引/分区设计，或把派生数据移到关联表。若原因是 dropped 的物理槽位，再删除可见列并不会回收它们；普通物理重写（如 VACUUM FULL 或 CLUSTER）也会在 tuple descriptor 中保留这些 dropped attribute。应新建具有目标逻辑列布局的表，在保留依赖的前提下迁移数据，再有选择地减少索引键/INCLUDE 列或统计维度并验证 DDL。显式事务中若发生 ERROR，重试前执行 ROLLBACK 或 ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT；自动提交只有在 schema 变更真正消除上限后才能重试。

版本 {#versions}

锁定目录从 7.4 记录；引用 heap、index、table、partition、statistics 和 row-shape 路径来自 PostgreSQL 18.6，未创建超大 schema。

相关 {#related}

54000、54023、54001

来源 {#sources}

src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c#L1131-L1134

src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c#L87-L90

src/backend/catalog/heap.c#L461-L464

src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c#L2567-L2582

src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c#L640-L664

src/backend/commands/statscmds.c#L215-L224

src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c#L1935-L1946

src/include/access/htup_details.h#L34-L48

src/include/pg_config_manual.h#L63-L74

src/include/statistics/statistics.h#L19

结构化证据记录保存固定消息以及源码/运行边界。

比较版本

SQLSTATE 证据与已记录的运行版本

claims · identity
{
  "claim_id": "identity",
  "limits": "",
  "method": "Read fixed definition.",
  "position": 0,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "54011 is too_many_columns in SQLSTATE Class 54."
}
claims · resolved-paths
{
  "claim_id": "resolved-paths",
  "limits": "Source confirmation is not natural runtime.",
  "method": "Read complete fixed source contexts.",
  "position": 1,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.path.0",
    "src.path.1",
    "src.path.2",
    "src.path.3",
    "src.path.4",
    "src.path.5",
    "src.path.6",
    "src.path.7",
    "src.path.8",
    "src.path.9"
  ],
  "statement": "The cited PostgreSQL 18.6 source paths support the representative resource and object-state mechanisms described."
}
claims · physical-and-object-limits
{
  "claim_id": "physical-and-object-limits",
  "limits": "",
  "method": "Read the complete DDL and parser guards.",
  "position": 2,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.path.3",
    "src.path.4",
    "src.path.5",
    "src.path.6"
  ],
  "statement": "The table guard counts physical attributes including inherited columns, while index, partition, statistics, and function-row definitions use separate fixed arrays or dimensions."
}
claims · fixed-numeric-limits
{
  "claim_id": "fixed-numeric-limits",
  "limits": "The numeric values are for the locked 18.6 source and do not replace the actual count and limit fields in a future server's diagnostic.",
  "method": "Read the fixed macro definitions used by the guards.",
  "position": 3,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.path.7",
    "src.path.8",
    "src.path.9"
  ],
  "statement": "The fixed 18.6 limit definitions are 1600 user table attributes, 1664 tuple attributes, 32 index keys, 32 partition-key columns, and 8 extended-statistics dimensions; these values belong to different object paths."
}
claims · history
{
  "claim_id": "history",
  "limits": "",
  "method": "Use catalogue boundary.",
  "position": 4,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "The locked catalogue records 54011 from 7.4; that boundary does not prove exact implementation introduction."
}
messages · message.0
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.0",
  "path": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.0",
    "primary_template": "number of columns (%d) exceeds limit (%d)",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.0"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "54011"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.0"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "number of columns ( ) exceeds limit ( )",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "number of columns (%d) exceeds limit (%d)"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.1
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.1",
  "path": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.1",
    "primary_template": "number of index columns (%d) exceeds limit (%d)",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.1"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "54011"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.1"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "number of index columns ( ) exceeds limit ( )",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "number of index columns (%d) exceeds limit (%d)"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.2
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.2",
  "path": "",
  "position": 2,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.2",
    "primary_template": "tables can have at most %d columns",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.2"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "54011"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.2"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "tables can have at most columns",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "tables can have at most %d columns"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.3
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.3",
  "path": "",
  "position": 3,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.3",
    "primary_template": "cannot partition using more than %d columns",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.3"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "54011"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.3"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "cannot partition using more than columns",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "cannot partition using more than %d columns"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.4
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.4",
  "path": "",
  "position": 4,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.4",
    "primary_template": "cannot use more than %d columns in an index",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.4"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "54011"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.4"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "cannot use more than columns in an index",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "cannot use more than %d columns in an index"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.5
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.5",
  "path": "",
  "position": 5,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.5",
    "primary_template": "cannot have more than %d columns in statistics",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.5"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "54011"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.5"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "cannot have more than columns in statistics",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "cannot have more than %d columns in statistics"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.6
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.6",
  "path": "",
  "position": 6,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.6",
    "primary_template": "column definition lists can have at most %d entries",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.6"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "54011"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.6"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "column definition lists can have at most entries",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "column definition lists can have at most %d entries"
    }
  ]
}
sources · src.errcodes.18.6
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt",
  "position": 0,
  "sha256": "6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba",
  "source_id": "src.errcodes.18.6",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt#L418"
}
sources · src.path.0
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c",
  "position": 1,
  "sha256": "3553582c4af3631b8b901c514fe3fed828daa376c374634e5773b1b177befd0b",
  "source_id": "src.path.0",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c#L1131"
}
sources · src.path.1
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c",
  "position": 2,
  "sha256": "47ce16ef7099b6d1de759f9605bcc50d128e1b342d8b70625553f29bca4ade00",
  "source_id": "src.path.1",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c#L87"
}
sources · src.path.2
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/catalog/heap.c",
  "position": 3,
  "sha256": "e720ee58279590793edd0985b3c910970ef56e7361b8ef92e245370587e02a0e",
  "source_id": "src.path.2",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/catalog/heap.c#L461"
}
sources · src.path.3
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c",
  "position": 4,
  "sha256": "422dc8e833df4940755973c757e338295822ba3e4c7266c40669f49f96eb15a9",
  "source_id": "src.path.3",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c#L2567"
}
sources · src.path.4
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c",
  "position": 5,
  "sha256": "0bdae365f207ab82865806c5983cac94c5c062e7a61ab7c883ccb7e2015fad36",
  "source_id": "src.path.4",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c#L640"
}
sources · src.path.5
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/commands/statscmds.c",
  "position": 6,
  "sha256": "3cbdc9bfd55c98d0c7543af9d366b8e76d5d3b49661f5634ee5f71bedd2aacdb",
  "source_id": "src.path.5",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/commands/statscmds.c#L215"
}
sources · src.path.6
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c",
  "position": 7,
  "sha256": "0d9c88f4a8def4c2d982c33f13208590e21ecf5e6f8cd9d7faa223dc771c9a9a",
  "source_id": "src.path.6",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c#L1935"
}
sources · src.path.7
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/include/access/htup_details.h",
  "position": 8,
  "sha256": "175dad20a31eea61d724bf2954457dc09d4635e552ba63b2ac1cf1c9508c0626",
  "source_id": "src.path.7",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/include/access/htup_details.h#L34"
}
sources · src.path.8
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/include/pg_config_manual.h",
  "position": 9,
  "sha256": "3b513dda5408337ef7c31bca491844650b4ea2cdb1b688d6b99ab74ba3f06700",
  "source_id": "src.path.8",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/include/pg_config_manual.h#L63"
}
sources · src.path.9
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/include/statistics/statistics.h",
  "position": 10,
  "sha256": "6106a336fc725ca5a984e78b1c2e54aa5ee7aed130f3b005bebff35c07eadc5b",
  "source_id": "src.path.9",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/include/statistics/statistics.h#L19"
}

来源引用

完整定义与证据 JSON

定义来源

center · PostgreSQL 18 · english-manuals:c8e7103ac5c9a024d656b56359ff9d4eec2ebb5b7809b68e4b75851ca59e64e5

正文语言: zh-Hans · english-manuals:c8e7103ac5c9a024d656b56359ff9d4eec2ebb5b7809b68e4b75851ca59e64e5