F0001 — lock_file_exists

数据目录的锁文件已存在，实例可能已在运行。

英文手册覆盖始于 PostgreSQL 8.1. 来源历史与运行验证各自保留独立版本边界。

当前阅读 PG 18·选择有来源记录的版本

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

aliases: 未知
class name: Configuration File Error
condition name: lock_file_exists
lang: en
sqlstate: F0001

版本定义 PG 18

F0001

速览 {#at-a-glance}

F0001 是启动时的所有权冲突。PostgreSQL 同时检查目标数据目录的 lock file 和共享内存身份；活跃所有者与崩溃留下的残留物是不同情况。

含义 {#meaning}

CreateLockFile 用 O_EXCL 原子创建锁文件。已有文件若包含 PID，会用 kill(pid, 0) 区分进程仍活跃还是已经消失；数据目录锁文件还会读取记录的共享内存标识并调用 PGSharedMemoryIsInUse。该辅助函数只把与目标 DataDir 关联的共享内存段视为相关，因为共享内存 ID 可能偶然重合。空锁文件是独立的 F0001 分支，可能表示另一个服务器正在启动，也可能是上次启动崩溃的残留。

SysV 共享内存启动路径也有同样边界：仍有进程附着或分析结果不确定的既有共享内存段报告仍在使用；与数据目录相关但无进程附着的共享内存段才可清理后重建。这些 guard 防止两个 postmaster 认领同一集群。

消息 {#messages}

FATAL，SQLSTATE F0001：lock file "%s" already exists。
- 数据目录提示：Is another postgres (PID %d) running in data directory "%s"?（编码所有者为 postmaster 时会使用对应提示文案）。
- socket lock 变体会写 using socket file "%s"。
FATAL，SQLSTATE F0001：lock file "%s" is empty。
- 提示：Either another server is starting, or the lock file is the remnant of a previous server startup crash.
FATAL，SQLSTATE F0001：pre-existing shared memory block (key %lu, ID %lu) is still in use。
- 提示：Terminate any old server processes associated with data directory "%s".

其他锁文件 I/O 失败使用 errcode_for_file_access()，可能得到不同 SQLSTATE，不能都归入 F0001。

诊断 {#diagnosis}

确认精确 PGDATA、socket 目录、PID、启动时间、记录的 device/inode 身份、进程所有者和 postmaster 日志。kill(pid, 0) 成功，或失败 errno 既不是 ESRCH（进程不存在）也不是 EPERM（进程存在但调用者无权发送信号），会保持活跃进程分支。guard 将 EPERM 排除在活跃进程分支之外，是因为 checkDataDir() 以及 0600/0640 锁文件权限足以排除不同 UID 的进程作为竞争 postmaster；它只允许继续做身份和共享内存检查，并不授权直接删除锁文件。PID 消失或被视为不同 UID 候选后，还要检查数据目录共享内存 ID 及是否仍有孤儿后端附着，再考虑清理。空锁文件在源码中明确是歧义状态，不代表一定残留。

处理 {#response}

这是启动阶段的 FATAL，没有客户端事务可恢复；解决所有权冲突后启动服务器，再使用新连接。若另有 postmaster/后端存活，应按正常管理流程协调或停止。只有确认集群、进程身份和共享内存状态后，才能按文档处理陈旧锁文件。绝不能仅凭路径、PID 文本或数字 ID 删除锁文件/共享内存；所有者活跃时删除可能造成双主冲突（两个 postmaster 认领同一集群）和数据丢失。

版本 {#versions}

锁定目录从 7.4 记录此条件；固定启动与共享内存路径来自 PostgreSQL 18.6。本源码条目没有诱发进程、lock-file 或共享内存故障。

来源 {#sources}

src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c#L1262-L1427

src/backend/port/sysv_shmem.c#L306-L335

src/backend/port/sysv_shmem.c#L765-L835

结构化证据记录保存活动/陈旧检查、固定 FATAL 消息和源码/运行边界。

比较版本

SQLSTATE 证据与已记录的运行版本

claims · identity

{
  "claim_id": "identity",
  "limits": "",
  "method": "Read locked definition snapshot.",
  "position": 0,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "F0001 is lock_file_exists in SQLSTATE Class F0."
}

claims · resolved-paths

{
  "claim_id": "resolved-paths",
  "limits": "Source confirmation is not natural runtime.",
  "method": "Read complete PID, shared-memory identity, and startup cleanup guards.",
  "position": 1,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.path.0",
    "src.path.1"
  ],
  "statement": "Startup distinguishes a live lock owner, an empty or stale lock, and shared memory associated with the intended data directory; only the live/in-use branches emit the fixed F0001 FATAL messages."
}

claims · history

{
  "claim_id": "history",
  "limits": "",
  "method": "Use locked catalogue boundary.",
  "position": 2,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "The locked catalogue records F0001 from 7.4; it does not prove the exact introduction rationale."
}

messages · message.0

{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.0",
  "path": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "hint_template": "Is another postgres (PID %d) running in data directory \"%s\"?",
    "hint_variants": [
      "Is another postmaster (PID %d) running in data directory \"%s\"?",
      "Is another postgres (PID %d) using socket file \"%s\"?",
      "Is another postmaster (PID %d) using socket file \"%s\"?"
    ],
    "id": "message.0",
    "primary_template": "lock file \"%s\" already exists",
    "severity_source": "FATAL",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.0"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "F0001"
  },
  "severity": "FATAL",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.0"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "lock file \" \" already exists",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "lock file \"%s\" already exists"
    },
    {
      "kind": "hint",
      "literal": "Is another postgres (PID ) running in data directory \" \"?",
      "position": 1,
      "role": "",
      "template": "Is another postgres (PID %d) running in data directory \"%s\"?"
    },
    {
      "kind": "hint",
      "literal": "Is another postmaster (PID ) running in data directory \" \"?",
      "position": 2,
      "role": "",
      "template": "Is another postmaster (PID %d) running in data directory \"%s\"?"
    },
    {
      "kind": "hint",
      "literal": "Is another postgres (PID ) using socket file \" \"?",
      "position": 3,
      "role": "",
      "template": "Is another postgres (PID %d) using socket file \"%s\"?"
    },
    {
      "kind": "hint",
      "literal": "Is another postmaster (PID ) using socket file \" \"?",
      "position": 4,
      "role": "",
      "template": "Is another postmaster (PID %d) using socket file \"%s\"?"
    }
  ]
}

messages · message.1

{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.1",
  "path": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "hint_template": "Either another server is starting, or the lock file is the remnant of a previous server startup crash.",
    "id": "message.1",
    "primary_template": "lock file \"%s\" is empty",
    "severity_source": "FATAL",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.0"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "F0001"
  },
  "severity": "FATAL",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.0"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "lock file \" \" is empty",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "lock file \"%s\" is empty"
    },
    {
      "kind": "hint",
      "literal": "Either another server is starting, or the lock file is the remnant of a previous server startup crash.",
      "position": 1,
      "role": "",
      "template": "Either another server is starting, or the lock file is the remnant of a previous server startup crash."
    }
  ]
}

messages · message.2

{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.2",
  "path": "",
  "position": 2,
  "raw": {
    "hint_template": "Terminate any old server processes associated with data directory \"%s\".",
    "id": "message.2",
    "primary_template": "pre-existing shared memory block (key %lu, ID %lu) is still in use",
    "severity_source": "FATAL",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.0",
      "src.path.1"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "F0001"
  },
  "severity": "FATAL",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.0",
    "src.path.1"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "pre-existing shared memory block (key u, ID u) is still in use",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "pre-existing shared memory block (key %lu, ID %lu) is still in use"
    },
    {
      "kind": "hint",
      "literal": "Terminate any old server processes associated with data directory \" \".",
      "position": 1,
      "role": "",
      "template": "Terminate any old server processes associated with data directory \"%s\"."
    }
  ]
}

sources · src.errcodes.18.6

{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt",
  "position": 0,
  "sha256": "6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba",
  "source_id": "src.errcodes.18.6",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt#L454"
}

sources · src.path.0

{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c",
  "position": 1,
  "sha256": "54bdb859c143a6c70d86067ccf2e124f59aa0852e5705bb653652e41a60af39a",
  "source_id": "src.path.0",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c#L1262"
}

sources · src.path.1

{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/port/sysv_shmem.c",
  "position": 2,
  "sha256": "150a1143ebffbc726243cb1925109b3237173100814633ee3822f4470ca488de",
  "source_id": "src.path.1",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/port/sysv_shmem.c#L306"
}

来源引用

原始手册引用

完整定义与证据 JSON

定义来源

center · PostgreSQL 18 · english-manuals:f648381640bf00f42cebe299bfbb2e4648eefa1b71e1c1193cbdb6dd556963ae

正文语言: zh-Hans · english-manuals:f648381640bf00f42cebe299bfbb2e4648eefa1b71e1c1193cbdb6dd556963ae