P0003 — too_many_rows

PL/pgSQL 中查询返回的行数多于预期。

英文手册覆盖始于 PostgreSQL 8.1. 来源历史与运行验证各自保留独立版本边界。

当前阅读 PG 18·选择有来源记录的版本

8.2 8.3 8.4 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

aliases: 未知
class name: PL/pgSQL Error
condition name: too_many_rows
lang: en
sqlstate: P0003

版本定义 PG 18

P0003

速览 {#at-a-glance}

P0003 是 PL/pgSQL too_many_rows。固定路径给出准确的 message、可选 detail、hint 和按实际分支决定的严重级别。

含义 {#meaning}

当受检查的 PL/pgSQL 查询返回多于一行时，源码报告 query returned more than one row；开启 strict 参数打印时可附带 parameters: %s，并在一条路径提供 Make sure the query returns a single row, or use LIMIT 1. hint。普通多行 SELECT 不会因此自动成为 P0003。

诊断 {#diagnosis}

先看是否是严格目标赋值或 modifying statement，再检查完整 detail/hint。固定源码先按 plpgsql.extra_errors/plpgsql.extra_warnings 对 too_many_rows 的选择设置级别：前者优先并使用 ERROR，只有后者生效时才使用 WARNING；strict/modifying 路径无论这些设置如何都使用 ERROR，所以不要只凭条件名断言严重级别。

处置 {#response}

让查询满足单行契约，或改用能表达多行结果的 PL/pgSQL 结构；若业务允许第一行，必须显式设计排序和截取语义，而不是盲目套用 hint。修正查询契约后再执行，避免把同一多行结果自动重放成重复业务操作。

版本 {#versions}

锁定目录从 8.2.0 记录该条件，并在列出的正式快照及 19beta3 中出现；运行时未在本批次重演。

来源 {#sources}

可直接阅读固定的 pl_exec.c GUC 分支和报告路径；完整范围见结构化证据记录。

比较版本

SQLSTATE 证据与已记录的运行版本

claims · identity

{
  "claim_id": "identity",
  "limits": "",
  "method": "Read the fixed definition row.",
  "position": 0,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "P0003 is too_many_rows in PostgreSQL-specific Class P0."
}

claims · strict-query

{
  "claim_id": "strict-query",
  "limits": "",
  "method": "Read both report groups, their conditional detail, hint, and errlevel.",
  "position": 1,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.path.plpgsql"
  ],
  "statement": "PL/pgSQL fixed paths report `query returned more than one row`; the strict path may include `parameters: %s` and the source provides the hint `Make sure the query returns a single row, or use LIMIT 1.`."
}

claims · severity-boundary

{
  "claim_id": "severity-boundary",
  "limits": "The hint is present on the SELECT INTO-style branch; the dynamic-execute path has the same primary/detail but no hint in the cited report group.",
  "method": "Read the fixed too_many_rows_level assignment, row-count branch, errlevel selection, and detail condition.",
  "position": 2,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.path.plpgsql"
  ],
  "statement": "For SELECT INTO-style checked queries, plpgsql.extra_errors selecting too_many_rows takes precedence and sets the extra check to ERROR; if it is not selected, plpgsql.extra_warnings selecting too_many_rows sets WARNING. Strict or modifying-statement paths use ERROR regardless, and print_strict_params controls the optional parameters detail."
}

messages · message.too-many-rows

{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.too-many-rows",
  "path": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "detail_template": "parameters: %s",
    "hint_template": "Make sure the query returns a single row, or use LIMIT 1.",
    "id": "message.too-many-rows",
    "primary_template": "query returned more than one row",
    "severity_source": "ERROR or source-selected errlevel",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.plpgsql"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "P0003"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR or source-selected errlevel",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.plpgsql"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "query returned more than one row",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "query returned more than one row"
    },
    {
      "kind": "detail",
      "literal": "parameters:",
      "position": 1,
      "role": "",
      "template": "parameters: %s"
    },
    {
      "kind": "hint",
      "literal": "Make sure the query returns a single row, or use LIMIT 1.",
      "position": 2,
      "role": "",
      "template": "Make sure the query returns a single row, or use LIMIT 1."
    }
  ]
}

sources · src.errcodes.18.6

{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt",
  "position": 0,
  "sha256": "6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba",
  "source_id": "src.errcodes.18.6",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt#L493"
}

sources · src.calls.REL_18_6

{
  "commit": "",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "local_artifact",
  "location": "",
  "path": "raw/calls/REL_18_6.jsonl",
  "position": 1,
  "sha256": "9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf",
  "source_id": "src.calls.REL_18_6",
  "tag": "",
  "url": ""
}

sources · src.path.plpgsql

{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c",
  "position": 2,
  "sha256": "0df3c70a6bccf6dddf443fb99e152a16a67009827c44a820597e98e585cb8b20",
  "source_id": "src.path.plpgsql",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c#L4215-L4220"
}

来源引用

原始手册引用

完整定义与证据 JSON

定义来源

center · PostgreSQL 18 · english-manuals:ffa6714eaaab0bfb91e2ef5ea7ae767021dbcf4dcc0fd2d9ba9157cae26e3814

正文语言: zh-Hans · english-manuals:ffa6714eaaab0bfb91e2ef5ea7ae767021dbcf4dcc0fd2d9ba9157cae26e3814