Stack Overflow Developer Survey
Annual rankings and historical trends in database use, appreciation and interest.
Used Database use
Databases respondents worked with over the past year.
Used · all respondents
30 databases in this snapshotSelect a bar to add or remove that database from the history below. PostgreSQL stays highlighted.
Percentage over time
Share of respondents using each database, 2017–2025. Multiple answers were allowed.
Loved Keep using it
Among each database’s users, the percentage who want to continue using it.
Admired · current database users
32 databases in this snapshotSelect a bar to add or remove that database from the history below. PostgreSQL stays highlighted.
Percentage over time
Loved through 2022, renamed Admired in 2023. The share of users who want to keep using each database.
Wanted Want to use it
Databases respondents want to work with next. The survey’s definition changed in 2023.
Desired · includes existing users
32 databases in this snapshotSelect a bar to add or remove that database from the history below. PostgreSQL stays highlighted.
Percentage over time
2017–2022: Wanted. 2023–2025: Desired. The definition changed; the lines do not join across that boundary.
Read the data with context
Fixed historical snapshots, with the source and measurement kept visible.
Survey respondents, rather than the entire developer population
These are the published annual percentages compiled in dbrank. Respondents self-select, may choose several databases, and the question’s options and respondent mix change over time. Percentages need not total 100%.
A definition changed in 2023
Wanted (2017–2022) measures interest among people not already using a technology. Desired (2023–2025) includes existing users. They are separate measures here, with no connecting line. Loved / admired measures users who want to continue using a database; the label changed in 2023.
The limits of this archive
The original survey archive covers 2011–2025. This comparable database compilation covers 2017–2025 and is not a census of every option in every annual report. Ranks are within this compilation. A missing entry is not zero. Names are unified only for spelling variants; product families such as Amazon RDS/Aurora stay separate.
2025 technology results · Survey methodology · ODbL / database contents license
Stack Overflow Developer Survey, Stack Exchange Inc. Published annual percentages as compiled in dbrank; not recomputed from respondent microdata.
Snapshot provenance
- data/sf_all.csv
SHA-256 f9e81585403a364e08e899b69dd62bb43e5446394cb35e201215ec047a98bff8 - data/stackoverflow/derived/year_profile.csv
SHA-256 5e70809994edd7f9cce4f4ac21dda626dec9028710351bb236018d3169e3ffe4
18 identical alias duplicates were consolidated. Original source labels are retained in the JSON download.