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Wiki / SQLSTATE

22023 — invalid_parameter_value

A named parameter, option, descriptor, or function argument is outside the domain accepted by its owner. Fixed representatives cover built-in GUC parsing, amcheck descriptors/options, postgres_fdw option validation, and regular-expression option checks; the primary text identifies the owner and value.

English manual coverage begins with PostgreSQL 8.1. Source history and runtime observations have their own recorded version boundaries.

Reading PG 18·Select a recorded version

8.18.28.38.49.09.19.29.39.49.59.61011121314151617181920
aliases
Unknown
class name
Data Exception
condition name
invalid_parameter_value
lang
en
sqlstate
22023

Definition PG 18

22023

At a glance {#at-a-glance}

A named parameter, option, descriptor, or function argument is outside the domain accepted by its owner. Fixed representatives cover built-in GUC parsing, amcheck descriptors/options, postgres_fdw option validation, and regular-expression option checks; the primary text identifies the owner and value.

The retained PostgreSQL 18.6 and 10.21 observations use the same autocommit case: SET work_mem = 'not-a-memory-size' returned SQLSTATE 22023 with invalid value for parameter "work_mem": "not-a-memory-size"; SET work_mem = '1MB' repaired it and SHOW work_mem returned 1MB. Both backends were IDLE after the error and repair. The selected case is the built-in GUC path, not a general result for every 22023 owner; see the public case JSON.

SET work_mem = 'not-a-memory-size';
SET work_mem = '1MB';
SHOW work_mem;

Representative messages {#messages}

These examples share 22023 but belong to separate owners:

| Owner / path | Representative primary text | | --- | --- | | Built-in GUC parsing/checks | parameter "%s" requires a Boolean value; invalid value for parameter "%s": "%s" | | verify_heapam | relation cannot be null; invalid skip option — HINT: Valid skip options are "all-visible", "all-frozen", and "none". | | postgres_fdw | invalid value for floating point option "%s": %s; invalid value for integer option "%s": %s | | Regular-expression option parser | invalid regular expression option: "%.*s" |

Meaning {#meaning}

22023 is a shared parameter-validation code whose mechanism belongs to the named owner. Built-in GUC parsing first converts Boolean, integer, real, string, or enum values, checks integer/real ranges and units such as B/MB or time units, then invokes parameter-specific check hooks; setting context and permissions are separate constraints. verify_heapam instead checks required non-NULL descriptors and enumerated skip values, postgres_fdw parses numeric/string options and positive bounds, and regexp functions validate option letters or function parameters. These groups share the SQLSTATE but not one universal value domain.

Diagnosis {#diagnosis}

Start with the command, function, or extension named by the primary message. For a GUC, inspect the parameter’s type, accepted units/range, and whether the current setting context permits the change; for an extension or function, follow its own option list and bounds. The exact work_mem case above demonstrates a bad GUC value and a valid unit-bearing repair only. Do not infer the repair for amcheck, postgres_fdw, regexp, or another parameter from that case.

Response {#response}

Correct the value according to the owning parameter’s documented domain, including its unit and setting context where applicable. In an explicit transaction, a statement-level ERROR requires ROLLBACK or ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT before continuing; an autocommit client can retry the corrected action. In the retained autocommit case the same backend remained IDLE after the error and repair.

Versions {#versions}

The locked catalogue records this condition from 7.4; fixed source coverage is PostgreSQL 18.6. The retained observation covers the named work_mem case on PostgreSQL 18.6 and 10.21.

Related {#related}

22003, 22025

Sources {#sources}

Representative built-in GUC conversion/range/check-hook paths are src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c#L3129-3320 and #L6804-6990, with unit tables at #L87-181 and setting-context handling at #L3342-3430, alongside contrib/amcheck/verify_heapam.c#L271-303, contrib/postgres_fdw/option.c#L149-185, and src/backend/utils/adt/regexp.c#L443-446. The structured evidence record retains exact messages, runtime digests, and owner-specific limits.

Compare versions

SQLSTATE evidence and recorded runtime versions

cases · invalid_work_mem_parameter
{
  "assertions": [
    "SQLSTATE is 22023 with the invalid work_mem value diagnostic",
    "The failed autocommit session remains IDLE",
    "A valid work_mem value is accepted in the same session and SHOW reports 1MB"
  ],
  "case_id": "invalid_work_mem_parameter",
  "cleanup": "Close the runner connection and drop the case schema with an owner connection.",
  "has_snippet": true,
  "position": 0,
  "preconditions": [
    "A runner-owned disposable target is provisioned."
  ],
  "repair": "Set work_mem to a valid memory value in the same session; do not interpret a parameter-value error as a connection failure.",
  "trigger": "Set the built-in work_mem parameter to the invalid memory-size text not-a-memory-size.",
  "versions": [
    "10",
    "18"
  ]
}
claims · identity
{
  "claim_id": "identity",
  "limits": "",
  "method": "Read the fixed errcodes row and macro.",
  "position": 0,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "22023 is invalid_parameter_value in SQLSTATE Class 22"
}
claims · resolved-path
{
  "claim_id": "resolved-path",
  "limits": "Source confirmation is not a natural runtime observation.",
  "method": "Read complete source contexts for the representative guards.",
  "position": 1,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.amcheck",
    "src.postgres_fdw",
    "src.regexp.options",
    "src.guc.parse",
    "src.guc.hooks",
    "src.guc.units",
    "src.guc.context"
  ],
  "statement": "Fixed PostgreSQL 18.6 representatives bind owner-specific NULL/option/range checks and built-in GUC parse/range/unit/context/check-hook paths."
}
claims · history
{
  "claim_id": "history",
  "limits": "",
  "method": "Use catalogue presence and history boundaries.",
  "position": 2,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "The locked catalogue records 22023 from 7.4 without proving an exact implementation introduction date."
}
claims · runtime.observation
{
  "claim_id": "runtime.observation",
  "limits": "The observation covers the named GUC case and does not generalize to every 22023 owner.",
  "method": "Read both retained summaries, raw digests, and the fixed snippet registry.",
  "position": 3,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "runtime.22023-work-mem-latest.latest",
    "runtime.22023-work-mem-pg10.pg10",
    "snippet-registry.22023"
  ],
  "statement": "The retained invalid_work_mem_parameter case passed on PostgreSQL 18.6 and 10.21 with the observed message and repair described on the page."
}
messages · message.0
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.0",
  "path": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.0",
    "primary_template": "relation cannot be null",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.amcheck"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "22023"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.amcheck"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "relation cannot be null",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "relation cannot be null"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.1
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.1",
  "path": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.1",
    "primary_template": "on_error_stop cannot be null",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.amcheck"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "22023"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.amcheck"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "on_error_stop cannot be null",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "on_error_stop cannot be null"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.2
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.2",
  "path": "",
  "position": 2,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.2",
    "primary_template": "check_toast cannot be null",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.amcheck"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "22023"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.amcheck"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "check_toast cannot be null",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "check_toast cannot be null"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.3
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.3",
  "path": "",
  "position": 3,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.3",
    "primary_template": "skip cannot be null",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.amcheck"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "22023"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.amcheck"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "skip cannot be null",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "skip cannot be null"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.4
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.4",
  "path": "",
  "position": 4,
  "raw": {
    "hint_template": "Valid skip options are \"all-visible\", \"all-frozen\", and \"none\".",
    "id": "message.4",
    "primary_template": "invalid skip option",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.amcheck"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "22023"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.amcheck"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "invalid skip option",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "invalid skip option"
    },
    {
      "kind": "hint",
      "literal": "Valid skip options are \"all-visible\", \"all-frozen\", and \"none\".",
      "position": 1,
      "role": "",
      "template": "Valid skip options are \"all-visible\", \"all-frozen\", and \"none\"."
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.5
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.5",
  "path": "",
  "position": 5,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.5",
    "primary_template": "invalid value for floating point option \"%s\": %s",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.postgres_fdw"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "22023"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.postgres_fdw"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "invalid value for floating point option \" \":",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "invalid value for floating point option \"%s\": %s"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.6
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.6",
  "path": "",
  "position": 6,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.6",
    "primary_template": "\"%s\" must be a floating point value greater than or equal to zero",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.postgres_fdw"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "22023"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.postgres_fdw"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "\" \" must be a floating point value greater than or equal to zero",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "\"%s\" must be a floating point value greater than or equal to zero"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.7
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.7",
  "path": "",
  "position": 7,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.7",
    "primary_template": "invalid value for integer option \"%s\": %s",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.postgres_fdw"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "22023"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.postgres_fdw"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "invalid value for integer option \" \":",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "invalid value for integer option \"%s\": %s"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.8
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.8",
  "path": "",
  "position": 8,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.8",
    "primary_template": "\"%s\" must be an integer value greater than zero",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.postgres_fdw"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "22023"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.postgres_fdw"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "\" \" must be an integer value greater than zero",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "\"%s\" must be an integer value greater than zero"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.9
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.9",
  "path": "",
  "position": 9,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.9",
    "primary_template": "invalid regular expression option: \"%.*s\"",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.regexp.options"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "22023"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.regexp.options"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "invalid regular expression option: \"%.*s\"",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "invalid regular expression option: \"%.*s\""
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.guc-bool
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.guc-bool",
  "path": "",
  "position": 10,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.guc-bool",
    "primary_template": "parameter \"%s\" requires a Boolean value",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.guc.parse"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "22023"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.guc.parse"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "parameter \" \" requires a Boolean value",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "parameter \"%s\" requires a Boolean value"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.guc-invalid
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.guc-invalid",
  "path": "",
  "position": 11,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.guc-invalid",
    "primary_template": "invalid value for parameter \"%s\": \"%s\"",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.guc.parse",
      "src.guc.hooks"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "22023"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.guc.parse",
    "src.guc.hooks"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "invalid value for parameter \" \": \" \"",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "invalid value for parameter \"%s\": \"%s\""
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.guc-range-int
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.guc-range-int",
  "path": "",
  "position": 12,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.guc-range-int",
    "primary_template": "%d%s%s is outside the valid range for parameter \"%s\" (%d%s%s .. %d%s%s)",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.guc.parse"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "22023"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.guc.parse"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "is outside the valid range for parameter \" \" ( .. )",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "%d%s%s is outside the valid range for parameter \"%s\" (%d%s%s .. %d%s%s)"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.guc-range-real
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.guc-range-real",
  "path": "",
  "position": 13,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.guc-range-real",
    "primary_template": "%g%s%s is outside the valid range for parameter \"%s\" (%g%s%s .. %g%s%s)",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.guc.parse"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "22023"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.guc.parse"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "is outside the valid range for parameter \" \" ( .. )",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "%g%s%s is outside the valid range for parameter \"%s\" (%g%s%s .. %g%s%s)"
    }
  ]
}
runtimes · runtime.22023-work-mem-latest.latest · 18.6 (Homebrew) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "invalid_work_mem_parameter"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "cases": [
      "invalid_work_mem_parameter"
    ],
    "id": "runtime.22023-work-mem-latest.latest",
    "observed": {
      "sqlstate": "22023",
      "status_after_repair": "IDLE"
    },
    "raw": "verify/results/22023-work-mem-latest/latest/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "932cb783e8a553f44f6edffe9668d36c82f970e200a15770f73c8447f12f7b21",
    "run_id": "22023-work-mem-latest",
    "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
    "server_version_num": 180006,
    "snippet_registry": {
      "path": "verify/cases/22023/snippets.json",
      "sha256": "b353a8e7365013a0c5bd27aea71353f81ad125465c825df557bb8e122ddf49ac"
    },
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/22023-work-mem-latest/latest/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "1705bbe83c899a9ce9739bf627cbcc14a17d32c39bd5ca36d11102eabb92f56f",
    "target": "latest"
  },
  "run_id": "22023-work-mem-latest",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.22023-work-mem-latest.latest",
  "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "latest"
}
runtimes · runtime.22023-work-mem-pg10.pg10 · 10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "invalid_work_mem_parameter"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "cases": [
      "invalid_work_mem_parameter"
    ],
    "id": "runtime.22023-work-mem-pg10.pg10",
    "observed": {
      "sqlstate": "22023",
      "status_after_repair": "IDLE"
    },
    "raw": "verify/results/22023-work-mem-pg10/pg10/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "f583cfbb6b8204ba5354d14e0b4808120f648668c17f1c2c2923223bdb21c313",
    "run_id": "22023-work-mem-pg10",
    "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
    "server_version_num": 100021,
    "snippet_registry": {
      "path": "verify/cases/22023/snippets.json",
      "sha256": "b353a8e7365013a0c5bd27aea71353f81ad125465c825df557bb8e122ddf49ac"
    },
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/22023-work-mem-pg10/pg10/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "9c817f503bad26ec87bd09cbb3b0bf701de02fb9c2dcb14b5472d8fcb1e85509",
    "target": "pg10"
  },
  "run_id": "22023-work-mem-pg10",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.22023-work-mem-pg10.pg10",
  "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "pg10"
}
sources · src.errcodes.18.6
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt",
  "position": 0,
  "sha256": "6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba",
  "source_id": "src.errcodes.18.6",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt#L185"
}
sources · src.amcheck
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "contrib/amcheck/verify_heapam.c",
  "position": 1,
  "sha256": "54f1452790c2f2ecca059f38221a422a91ef5d35a436e48b1b12ba393a5881eb",
  "source_id": "src.amcheck",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/contrib/amcheck/verify_heapam.c#L271"
}
sources · src.postgres_fdw
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "contrib/postgres_fdw/option.c",
  "position": 2,
  "sha256": "880fd16c3e5cbc56733d1292ffdcc9b0f6cb1e17e72c90e9afa4e359239dc314",
  "source_id": "src.postgres_fdw",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/contrib/postgres_fdw/option.c#L149"
}
sources · src.regexp.options
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/utils/adt/regexp.c",
  "position": 3,
  "sha256": "8c54fe9e937ce03111b39da7bca89b22d6cb2de6b9ce5f7caf90c76bc7218e0e",
  "source_id": "src.regexp.options",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/adt/regexp.c#L443"
}
sources · src.guc.parse
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c",
  "position": 4,
  "sha256": "3021d40bb4e920a56fbc5e9452e32903a7364d7ce0aece65be70aa3c34c1274e",
  "source_id": "src.guc.parse",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c#L3129"
}
sources · src.guc.hooks
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c",
  "position": 5,
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sources · src.guc.units
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sources · src.guc.context
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Source references

Full definition and evidence JSON

Definition sources

center · PostgreSQL 18 · english-manuals:88568757f333674973c9543e722b35a83acfb0e2013ba72285a041a497c14818

Text language: en · english-manuals:88568757f333674973c9543e722b35a83acfb0e2013ba72285a041a497c14818