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Wiki / SQLSTATE

42712 — 重复别名（duplicate_alias）

同一查询命名空间中重复使用了表别名。

英文手册覆盖始于 PostgreSQL 8.1. 来源历史与运行验证各自保留独立版本边界。

当前阅读 PG 18·选择有来源记录的版本

8.18.28.38.49.09.19.29.39.49.59.61011121314151617181920
aliases
未知
class name
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
condition name
duplicate_alias
lang
en
sqlstate
42712

版本定义 PG 18

42712 — 重复别名（duplicate_alias）

速览 {#at-a-glance}

42712 是 duplicate_alias（重复别名）：同一查询命名空间重复使用表别名。解析器拒绝两个都叫 duplicate_alias 的 VALUES 表项。

含义 {#meaning}

别名属于查询命名空间，第二个同名范围表在执行前就有歧义。它不同于重复物理对象 42710 和重复输出列名。检查 FROM/JOIN/CTE/子查询别名；自动提交错误后为 IDLE。

诊断 {#diagnosis}

检查 FROM、JOIN、CTE 和子查询的每个别名，也检查生成 SQL 引入的别名。冲突发生在当前查询命名空间，search_path 或修改基础表名不是诊断方向。

处理 {#response}

给范围表使用不同别名并限定列。改基础表名或 search_path 不能修复当前查询。显式事务中的解析失败会使事务进入 INERROR，应先回滚或回到合适的 savepoint 再重试；本案例的自动提交路径回到 IDLE。

实测诊断 {#messages}

固定解析器组是 ERROR，主模板为 table name "%s" specified more than once，没有 DETAIL/HINT。

代表案例 {#case}

案例让两个单行 VALUES 表项先同名，再改成 left_alias/right_alias 并断言两个值。

SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1)) AS duplicate_alias(value), (VALUES (2)) AS duplicate_alias(value);
SELECT left_alias.value, right_alias.value FROM (VALUES (1)) AS left_alias(value), (VALUES (2)) AS right_alias(value);

选定的 18.6 与 10.21 运行均通过 SQLSTATE、严重级别、状态/恢复、修复、清理和一次性实例停止断言。详见 案例 JSON 与 作者证据；私有清单和注册表哈希也记录在其中。

版本 {#versions}

锁定目录从 7.4 存在边界起包含该条件并列出相关快照。选定自然案例已在 PostgreSQL 18.6 与 10.21 通过；这是有界观察，不能推断所有中间版本或所有源码分支。

相关 {#related}

来源 {#sources}

  • src.errcodes.REL_18_6 — fixed definition at 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7; SHA-256 6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba (source).
  • src.duplicate-alias.18.6 — src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c lines 471–474 at 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7; blob SHA-256 0d9c88f4a8def4c2d982c33f13208590e21ecf5e6f8cd9d7faa223dc771c9a9a (source).
  • src.duplicate-alias.10.23 — src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c lines 417–420 at 02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4; blob SHA-256 a34f40fc93fa5df0015fe5af5ee7761ccba2d16a791cda69ae07848ed27616b5 (source).
  • src.calls.REL_18_6 / src.calls.REL_10_23 — fixed call scans, SHA-256 9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf / 00d16d3eb01b71ccf1b245c8f3102f9d0ec9f36fb02777b8dd1b99fcb263040c.
  • manifest.42712 / snippet-registry.42712 — hashes are recorded in evidence/42712.json and each runtime record.

比较版本

SQLSTATE 证据与已记录的运行版本

cases · duplicate_table_alias
{
  "assertions": [
    "SQLSTATE is 42712 with the duplicate table-name message",
    "The failed autocommit session remains IDLE",
    "Distinct aliases return the two input values"
  ],
  "case_id": "duplicate_table_alias",
  "cleanup": "Close the runner connection; no persistent objects are created.",
  "has_snippet": true,
  "position": 0,
  "preconditions": [
    "A runner-owned disposable target is provisioned."
  ],
  "repair": "Give each range-table entry a distinct alias; do not rename unrelated catalog objects.",
  "trigger": "Use the same table alias for two VALUES relations in one SELECT.",
  "versions": [
    "10",
    "18"
  ]
}
claims · identity.class-and-condition
{
  "claim_id": "identity.class-and-condition",
  "limits": "Identity does not identify every backend call that can reuse this SQLSTATE.",
  "method": "Read fixed errcodes.txt and locked catalogue metadata.",
  "position": 0,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.REL_18_6"
  ],
  "statement": "42712 is the duplicate_alias condition in Class 42."
}
claims · mechanism.selected-source-path
{
  "claim_id": "mechanism.selected-source-path",
  "limits": "This is one mechanism boundary, not an exhaustive inventory of the code.",
  "method": "Trace the REL_18_6 and REL_10_23 source-call records at the locked commits.",
  "position": 1,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.duplicate-alias.18.6",
    "src.duplicate-alias.10.23"
  ],
  "statement": "The selected duplicate_table_alias follows a resolved PostgreSQL source-call group; other branches can use different dynamic fields."
}
claims · runtime.representative-case
{
  "claim_id": "runtime.representative-case",
  "limits": "Scope is limited to these statements, psycopg, and two versions.",
  "method": "Run the shared SQL registry and inspect SQLSTATE, severity, state, repair, cleanup, and target stop.",
  "position": 2,
  "runtime": [
    "runtime.syntax2-42712-latest.latest",
    "runtime.syntax2-42712-pg10.pg10"
  ],
  "sources": [
    "manifest.42712",
    "snippet-registry.42712"
  ],
  "statement": "The selected duplicate_table_alias passed on isolated PostgreSQL 18.6 and 10.21 targets."
}
claims · versions.catalogue-boundary
{
  "claim_id": "versions.catalogue-boundary",
  "limits": "Definition presence is not an exact behavioral introduction; two runtime versions do not prove every intermediate behavior.",
  "method": "Read generated facts, fixed calls, and selected summaries.",
  "position": 3,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.REL_18_6",
    "src.calls.REL_18_6",
    "src.calls.REL_10_23"
  ],
  "statement": "The locked catalogue records 42712 from the 7.4 presence bound through the listed snapshots; runtime scope is 18.6 and 10.21."
}
messages · message.duplicate_table_alias
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.duplicate_table_alias",
  "path": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.duplicate_table_alias",
    "primary_template": "table name \"%s\" specified more than once",
    "severity_source": "explicit ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.duplicate-alias.18.6",
      "src.duplicate-alias.10.23"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "42712"
  },
  "severity": "explicit ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.duplicate-alias.18.6",
    "src.duplicate-alias.10.23"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "table name \" \" specified more than once",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "table name \"%s\" specified more than once"
    }
  ]
}
runtimes · runtime.syntax2-42712-latest.latest · 18.6 (Homebrew) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "duplicate_table_alias"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "assertions": [
      {
        "expected": "42712",
        "name": "42712 SQLSTATE",
        "observed": "42712",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "ERROR",
        "name": "42712 ERROR severity",
        "observed": "ERROR",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "table name \"duplicate_alias\" specified more than once",
        "name": "42712 primary diagnostic",
        "observed": "table name \"duplicate_alias\" specified more than once",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "IDLE",
        "name": "duplicate alias leaves autocommit session usable",
        "observed": "IDLE",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": {
          "rows": [
            [
              1,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "status": "IDLE"
        },
        "name": "distinct aliases repair the query namespace",
        "observed": {
          "error": true,
          "rows": [
            [
              1,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "status": "IDLE"
        },
        "passed": true
      }
    ],
    "case_manifest": {
      "id": "manifest.42712",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42712/cases.json",
      "sha256": "3d2d5d606d689b38e8a9080b2713b25c90be4b6640c3c7b06cf49e9517339f68",
      "source_role": "case_manifest"
    },
    "cases": [
      "duplicate_table_alias"
    ],
    "cleanup": {
      "errors": [],
      "passed": true
    },
    "environment": {
      "TimeZone": "Asia/Shanghai",
      "backend_pid": 29974,
      "binary": {
        "bindir": "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/postgresql@18/18.6/bin",
        "pg_config": "/opt/homebrew/bin/pg_config",
        "pg_config_version": "PostgreSQL 18.6 (Homebrew)",
        "postgres": "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/postgresql@18/18.6/bin/postgres"
      },
      "connection_scope": "runner-owned localhost port",
      "current_user": "runner",
      "docker": {},
      "lc_messages": "C",
      "libpq_version": "18.6",
      "locale": "C.UTF-8",
      "log_destination": "csvlog,jsonlog",
      "log_error_verbosity": "verbose",
      "log_min_error_statement": "error",
      "log_min_messages": "error",
      "logging_collector": "on",
      "machine": "arm64",
      "max_connections": "100",
      "platform": "macOS-26.6.2-arm64-arm-64bit-Mach-O",
      "psycopg_version": "3.3.5",
      "python_version": "3.14.6 (main, Jun 10 2026, 10:03:53) [Clang 21.0.0 (clang-2100.0.123.102)]",
      "server_encoding": "UTF8",
      "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
      "server_version_num": "180006",
      "target_kind": "latest",
      "wal_level": "logical"
    },
    "id": "runtime.syntax2-42712-latest.latest",
    "observed": {
      "connection_autocommit": true,
      "diagnostic": {
        "column_name": null,
        "constraint_name": null,
        "context": null,
        "datatype_name": null,
        "exception_type": "DuplicateAlias",
        "internal_position": null,
        "internal_query": null,
        "message_detail": null,
        "message_hint": null,
        "message_primary": "table name \"duplicate_alias\" specified more than once",
        "schema_name": null,
        "severity": "ERROR",
        "severity_nonlocalized": "ERROR",
        "source_file": "parse_relation.c",
        "source_function": "checkNameSpaceConflicts",
        "source_line": "474",
        "sqlstate": "42712",
        "statement_position": null,
        "table_name": null,
        "text": "table name \"duplicate_alias\" specified more than once"
      },
      "failed_status": "IDLE",
      "repair_rows": [
        [
          1,
          2
        ]
      ],
      "repair_status": "IDLE"
    },
    "raw": "verify/results/syntax2-42712-latest/latest/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "ac05886a7dc7ae2c117d4b1985ff5fc7cb487639875d56efa6d6444fc38efdca",
    "run_id": "syntax2-42712-latest",
    "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
    "server_version_num": 180006,
    "snippet_registry": {
      "id": "snippet-registry.42712",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42712/snippets.json",
      "sha256": "d4dc74128d213519064d9dc9664909040b8969c5824967e898160e7ac23883f1",
      "source_role": "snippet_registry"
    },
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/syntax2-42712-latest/latest/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "d8240f5c4a9d01a5f3af6a8d1cb37e41e95a4d8ffca251c35746fa564520b11a",
    "target": "latest",
    "target_stop": {
      "argv": [
        "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/postgresql@18/18.6/bin/pg_ctl",
        "-D",
        "/Users/vonng/pgcenter/err-code/.cache/runtime/syntax2-42712-latest/latest/data",
        "-m",
        "fast",
        "-w",
        "stop"
      ],
      "elapsed_seconds": 0.115,
      "returncode": 0,
      "stderr": "",
      "stdout": "waiting for server to shut down.... done\nserver stopped\n"
    }
  },
  "run_id": "syntax2-42712-latest",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.syntax2-42712-latest.latest",
  "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "latest"
}
runtimes · runtime.syntax2-42712-pg10.pg10 · 10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "duplicate_table_alias"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "assertions": [
      {
        "expected": "42712",
        "name": "42712 SQLSTATE",
        "observed": "42712",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "ERROR",
        "name": "42712 ERROR severity",
        "observed": "ERROR",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "table name \"duplicate_alias\" specified more than once",
        "name": "42712 primary diagnostic",
        "observed": "table name \"duplicate_alias\" specified more than once",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "IDLE",
        "name": "duplicate alias leaves autocommit session usable",
        "observed": "IDLE",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": {
          "rows": [
            [
              1,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "status": "IDLE"
        },
        "name": "distinct aliases repair the query namespace",
        "observed": {
          "error": true,
          "rows": [
            [
              1,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "status": "IDLE"
        },
        "passed": true
      }
    ],
    "case_manifest": {
      "id": "manifest.42712",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42712/cases.json",
      "sha256": "3d2d5d606d689b38e8a9080b2713b25c90be4b6640c3c7b06cf49e9517339f68",
      "source_role": "case_manifest"
    },
    "cases": [
      "duplicate_table_alias"
    ],
    "cleanup": {
      "errors": [],
      "passed": true
    },
    "environment": {
      "TimeZone": "Etc/UTC",
      "backend_pid": 79,
      "binary": {},
      "connection_scope": "runner-owned localhost port",
      "current_user": "postgres",
      "docker": {
        "architecture": "arm64",
        "command": "/usr/local/bin/docker",
        "digest": "sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
        "id": "sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
        "image": "postgres:10",
        "image_created": "2022-06-23T09:11:18.374607054Z",
        "image_ref": "postgres@sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
        "log_destination": "csvlog",
        "os": "linux",
        "repo_digests": [
          "postgres@sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc"
        ]
      },
      "lc_messages": "en_US.utf8",
      "libpq_version": "18.6",
      "locale": "C.UTF-8",
      "log_destination": "csvlog",
      "log_error_verbosity": "verbose",
      "log_min_error_statement": "error",
      "log_min_messages": "error",
      "logging_collector": "on",
      "machine": "arm64",
      "max_connections": "100",
      "platform": "macOS-26.6.2-arm64-arm-64bit-Mach-O",
      "psycopg_version": "3.3.5",
      "python_version": "3.14.6 (main, Jun 10 2026, 10:03:53) [Clang 21.0.0 (clang-2100.0.123.102)]",
      "server_encoding": "UTF8",
      "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
      "server_version_num": "100021",
      "target_kind": "pg10",
      "wal_level": "logical"
    },
    "id": "runtime.syntax2-42712-pg10.pg10",
    "observed": {
      "connection_autocommit": true,
      "diagnostic": {
        "column_name": null,
        "constraint_name": null,
        "context": null,
        "datatype_name": null,
        "exception_type": "DuplicateAlias",
        "internal_position": null,
        "internal_query": null,
        "message_detail": null,
        "message_hint": null,
        "message_primary": "table name \"duplicate_alias\" specified more than once",
        "schema_name": null,
        "severity": "ERROR",
        "severity_nonlocalized": "ERROR",
        "source_file": "parse_relation.c",
        "source_function": "checkNameSpaceConflicts",
        "source_line": "420",
        "sqlstate": "42712",
        "statement_position": null,
        "table_name": null,
        "text": "table name \"duplicate_alias\" specified more than once"
      },
      "failed_status": "IDLE",
      "repair_rows": [
        [
          1,
          2
        ]
      ],
      "repair_status": "IDLE"
    },
    "raw": "verify/results/syntax2-42712-pg10/pg10/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "922ebf233d8935a8cd64098dde83baea28966b48cc5de233c85357cc3affec75",
    "run_id": "syntax2-42712-pg10",
    "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
    "server_version_num": 100021,
    "snippet_registry": {
      "id": "snippet-registry.42712",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42712/snippets.json",
      "sha256": "d4dc74128d213519064d9dc9664909040b8969c5824967e898160e7ac23883f1",
      "source_role": "snippet_registry"
    },
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/syntax2-42712-pg10/pg10/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "86ab411aad329704d8b324bfd22accdb2d3954612ca4683209da64ca3c96fc7c",
    "target": "pg10",
    "target_stop": {
      "cleanup": {
        "argv": [
          "/usr/local/bin/docker",
          "rm",
          "-f",
          "-v",
          "sqlstate42712_syntax242712pg10_pg10"
        ],
        "elapsed_seconds": 0.287,
        "returncode": 0,
        "stderr": "",
        "stdout": "sqlstate42712_syntax242712pg10_pg10\n"
      },
      "inspect": {
        "argv": [
          "/usr/local/bin/docker",
          "inspect",
          "sqlstate42712_syntax242712pg10_pg10"
        ],
        "elapsed_seconds": 0.018,
        "returncode": 0,
        "stderr": "",
        "stdout": "[\n    {\n        \"Id\": \"8df94d90c840e1779b8c039600173995b95492e84737fea06b95dc09d97d4643\",\n        \"Created\": \"2026-09-09T16:40:07.545678719Z\",\n        \"Path\": \"docker-entrypoint.sh\",\n        \"Args\": [\n            \"postgres\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"listen_addresses=*\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_destination=csvlog\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"logging_collector=on\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_directory=log\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_filename=postgresql-%Y%m%d%H%M%S.log\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_min_messages=error\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_min_error_statement=error\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_error_verbosity=verbose\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"wal_level=logical\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"max_wal_senders=10\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"max_replication_slots=10\"\n        ],\n        \"State\": {\n            \"Status\": \"running\",\n            \"Running\": true,\n            \"Paused\": false,\n            \"Restarting\": false,\n            \"OOMKilled\": false,\n            \"Dead\": false,\n            \"Pid\": 62161,\n            \"ExitCode\": 0,\n            \"Error\": \"\",\n            \"StartedAt\": \"2026-09-09T16:40:07.679582052Z\",\n            \"FinishedAt\": \"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z\"\n        },\n        \"Image\": \"sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc\",\n        \"ResolvConfPath\": \"/var/lib/docker/containers/8df94d90c840e1779b8c039600173995b95492e84737fea06b95dc09d97d4643/resolv.conf\",\n        \"HostnamePath\": \"/var/lib/docker/containers/8df94d90c840e1779b8c039600173995b95492e84737fea06b95dc09d97d4643/hostname\",\n        \"HostsPath\": \"/var/lib/docker/containers/8df94d90c840e1779b8c039600173995b95492e84737fea06b95dc09d97d4643/hosts\",\n        \"LogPath\": 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}
sources · src.errcodes.REL_18_6
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sources · src.calls.REL_18_6
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sources · src.calls.REL_10_23
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sources · src.duplicate-alias.18.6
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sources · src.duplicate-alias.10.23
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sources · manifest.42712
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sources · snippet-registry.42712
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}

来源引用

完整定义与证据 JSON

定义来源

center · PostgreSQL 18 · english-manuals:9f45e086f80e76fa548edbd713d0593398830de4be1289f48277fd8fa3e8bd49

正文语言: zh-Hans · english-manuals:9f45e086f80e76fa548edbd713d0593398830de4be1289f48277fd8fa3e8bd49