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Wiki / SQLSTATE

42725 — 函数调用歧义（ambiguous_function）

函数调用有多个候选，无法选出最佳匹配。

英文手册覆盖始于 PostgreSQL 8.1. 来源历史与运行验证各自保留独立版本边界。

当前阅读 PG 18·选择有来源记录的版本

8.18.28.38.49.09.19.29.39.49.59.61011121314151617181920
aliases
未知
class name
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
condition name
ambiguous_function
lang
en
sqlstate
42725

版本定义 PG 18

42725 — 函数调用歧义（ambiguous_function）

速览 {#at-a-glance}

42725 是 ambiguous_function（函数调用歧义）：有多个可行候选却无法选出最佳候选。案例定义 uuid/jsonb 重载并传入未知类型字符串。

含义 {#meaning}

重载解析考虑字面量类型、cast、模式可见性和签名。unknown 让两个候选都可行，报告 function %s is not unique；它不同于定义冲突 42723 和无候选的 42883。检查可见 pg_proc 与参数类型。

诊断 {#diagnosis}

在 pg_proc 中列出可见候选、identity arguments 和输入类型，并检查字面量推断类型。限定模式只能缩小可见范围，不能在重载之间自动选择。

处理 {#response}

转换为符合业务含义的类型，或删除非预期重载。这里用 ::uuid 选择 UUID。不要只为消除报错而加 cast，因为它可能改变校验与重载行为。显式事务中的歧义会使事务进入 INERROR，应先回滚或回到合适的 savepoint 再重试；本案例的自动提交会话保持 IDLE。

实测诊断 {#messages}

固定组是 ERROR：function %s is not unique，提示为 Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.

代表案例 {#case}

注册表创建两个重载，用未知字符串触发，再显式 UUID cast 并断言返回值。

CREATE FUNCTION syntax_schema.ambiguous_function(uuid) RETURNS text LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT ''uuid''';
CREATE FUNCTION syntax_schema.ambiguous_function(jsonb) RETURNS text LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT ''jsonb''';
SELECT syntax_schema.ambiguous_function('123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000');
SELECT syntax_schema.ambiguous_function('123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000'::uuid);

选定的 18.6 与 10.21 运行均通过 SQLSTATE、严重级别、状态/恢复、修复、清理和一次性实例停止断言。详见 案例 JSON 与 作者证据；私有清单和注册表哈希也记录在其中。

版本 {#versions}

锁定目录从 7.4 存在边界起包含该条件并列出相关快照。选定自然案例已在 PostgreSQL 18.6 与 10.21 通过；这是有界观察，不能推断所有中间版本或所有源码分支。

相关 {#related}

来源 {#sources}

  • src.errcodes.REL_18_6 — fixed definition at 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7; SHA-256 6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba (source).
  • src.ambiguous-function.18.6 — src/backend/parser/parse_func.c lines 570–577 at 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7; blob SHA-256 48314eab022297478ac4e49786afaff2621ab7b1d7b50e156668cf477961384f (source).
  • src.ambiguous-function.10.23 — src/backend/parser/parse_func.c lines 499–506 at 02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4; blob SHA-256 f1b4af88565ca01dbad2b244cd26b42f34764b3f1343b22a9231e271fb0742f2 (source).
  • src.calls.REL_18_6 / src.calls.REL_10_23 — fixed call scans, SHA-256 9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf / 00d16d3eb01b71ccf1b245c8f3102f9d0ec9f36fb02777b8dd1b99fcb263040c.
  • manifest.42725 / snippet-registry.42725 — hashes are recorded in evidence/42725.json and each runtime record.

比较版本

SQLSTATE 证据与已记录的运行版本

cases · ambiguous_function_call
{
  "assertions": [
    "SQLSTATE is 42725 and the diagnostic identifies ambiguous_function(unknown)",
    "The hint requests explicit type casts and the session remains IDLE",
    "An explicit uuid cast selects the intended overload"
  ],
  "case_id": "ambiguous_function_call",
  "cleanup": "Drop the runner schema and its overloads.",
  "has_snippet": true,
  "position": 0,
  "preconditions": [
    "A runner-owned disposable target is provisioned."
  ],
  "repair": "Cast the input to the intended type or remove the overload ambiguity; do not guess from a function name alone.",
  "trigger": "Call two uuid/jsonb overloads with an unknown string literal.",
  "versions": [
    "10",
    "18"
  ]
}
claims · identity.class-and-condition
{
  "claim_id": "identity.class-and-condition",
  "limits": "Identity does not identify every backend call that can reuse this SQLSTATE.",
  "method": "Read fixed errcodes.txt and locked catalogue metadata.",
  "position": 0,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.REL_18_6"
  ],
  "statement": "42725 is the ambiguous_function condition in Class 42."
}
claims · mechanism.selected-source-path
{
  "claim_id": "mechanism.selected-source-path",
  "limits": "This is one mechanism boundary, not an exhaustive inventory of the code.",
  "method": "Trace the REL_18_6 and REL_10_23 source-call records at the locked commits.",
  "position": 1,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.ambiguous-function.18.6",
    "src.ambiguous-function.10.23"
  ],
  "statement": "The selected ambiguous_function_call follows a resolved PostgreSQL source-call group; other branches can use different dynamic fields."
}
claims · runtime.representative-case
{
  "claim_id": "runtime.representative-case",
  "limits": "Scope is limited to these statements, psycopg, and two versions.",
  "method": "Run the shared SQL registry and inspect SQLSTATE, severity, state, repair, cleanup, and target stop.",
  "position": 2,
  "runtime": [
    "runtime.syntax2-42725-latest.latest",
    "runtime.syntax2-42725-pg10.pg10"
  ],
  "sources": [
    "manifest.42725",
    "snippet-registry.42725"
  ],
  "statement": "The selected ambiguous_function_call passed on isolated PostgreSQL 18.6 and 10.21 targets."
}
claims · versions.catalogue-boundary
{
  "claim_id": "versions.catalogue-boundary",
  "limits": "Definition presence is not an exact behavioral introduction; two runtime versions do not prove every intermediate behavior.",
  "method": "Read generated facts, fixed calls, and selected summaries.",
  "position": 3,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.REL_18_6",
    "src.calls.REL_18_6",
    "src.calls.REL_10_23"
  ],
  "statement": "The locked catalogue records 42725 from the 7.4 presence bound through the listed snapshots; runtime scope is 18.6 and 10.21."
}
messages · message.ambiguous_function_call
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.ambiguous_function_call",
  "path": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "hint_template": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.",
    "id": "message.ambiguous_function_call",
    "primary_template": "function %s is not unique",
    "severity_source": "explicit ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.ambiguous-function.18.6",
      "src.ambiguous-function.10.23"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "42725"
  },
  "severity": "explicit ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.ambiguous-function.18.6",
    "src.ambiguous-function.10.23"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "function is not unique",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "function %s is not unique"
    },
    {
      "kind": "hint",
      "literal": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.",
      "position": 1,
      "role": "",
      "template": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts."
    }
  ]
}
runtimes · runtime.syntax2-42725-latest.latest · 18.6 (Homebrew) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "ambiguous_function_call"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "assertions": [
      {
        "expected": "42725",
        "name": "42725 SQLSTATE",
        "observed": "42725",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "ERROR",
        "name": "42725 ERROR severity",
        "observed": "ERROR",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "ambiguous_function(unknown) is not unique",
        "name": "ambiguous function diagnostic names the unresolved signature",
        "observed": "function c42725_ambiguous_function_call.ambiguous_function(unknown) is not unique",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "IDLE",
        "name": "ambiguous function leaves autocommit session usable",
        "observed": "IDLE",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.",
        "name": "parser hint recommends explicit type casts",
        "observed": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": {
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": "uuid"
        },
        "name": "explicit uuid cast selects one overload",
        "observed": {
          "error": true,
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": "uuid"
        },
        "passed": true
      }
    ],
    "case_manifest": {
      "id": "manifest.42725",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42725/cases.json",
      "sha256": "f30aa7905019f99f891ca5dfd53a4c5439f5d363ac7ba6f21cca51decfa78608",
      "source_role": "case_manifest"
    },
    "cases": [
      "ambiguous_function_call"
    ],
    "cleanup": {
      "errors": [],
      "passed": true
    },
    "environment": {
      "TimeZone": "Asia/Shanghai",
      "backend_pid": 30059,
      "binary": {
        "bindir": "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/postgresql@18/18.6/bin",
        "pg_config": "/opt/homebrew/bin/pg_config",
        "pg_config_version": "PostgreSQL 18.6 (Homebrew)",
        "postgres": "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/postgresql@18/18.6/bin/postgres"
      },
      "connection_scope": "runner-owned localhost port",
      "current_user": "runner",
      "docker": {},
      "lc_messages": "C",
      "libpq_version": "18.6",
      "locale": "C.UTF-8",
      "log_destination": "csvlog,jsonlog",
      "log_error_verbosity": "verbose",
      "log_min_error_statement": "error",
      "log_min_messages": "error",
      "logging_collector": "on",
      "machine": "arm64",
      "max_connections": "100",
      "platform": "macOS-26.6.2-arm64-arm-64bit-Mach-O",
      "psycopg_version": "3.3.5",
      "python_version": "3.14.6 (main, Jun 10 2026, 10:03:53) [Clang 21.0.0 (clang-2100.0.123.102)]",
      "server_encoding": "UTF8",
      "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
      "server_version_num": "180006",
      "target_kind": "latest",
      "wal_level": "logical"
    },
    "id": "runtime.syntax2-42725-latest.latest",
    "observed": {
      "connection_autocommit": true,
      "diagnostic": {
        "column_name": null,
        "constraint_name": null,
        "context": null,
        "datatype_name": null,
        "exception_type": "AmbiguousFunction",
        "internal_position": null,
        "internal_query": null,
        "message_detail": null,
        "message_hint": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.",
        "message_primary": "function c42725_ambiguous_function_call.ambiguous_function(unknown) is not unique",
        "schema_name": null,
        "severity": "ERROR",
        "severity_nonlocalized": "ERROR",
        "source_file": "parse_func.c",
        "source_function": "ParseFuncOrColumn",
        "source_line": "577",
        "sqlstate": "42725",
        "statement_position": "8",
        "table_name": null,
        "text": "function c42725_ambiguous_function_call.ambiguous_function(unknown) is not unique\nLINE 1: SELECT \"c42725_ambiguous_function_call\".ambiguous_function('...\n               ^\nHINT:  Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts."
      },
      "failed_status": "IDLE",
      "repair_status": "IDLE",
      "repair_value": "uuid"
    },
    "raw": "verify/results/syntax2-42725-latest/latest/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "aae6af67eb1179d5ff825e266a25ff9fbed2d984150a88761130d6519d3e25d9",
    "run_id": "syntax2-42725-latest",
    "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
    "server_version_num": 180006,
    "snippet_registry": {
      "id": "snippet-registry.42725",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42725/snippets.json",
      "sha256": "12b590e1d121cc121cf707657e48cbf4a07cbe63cce30780fc3c05043c3a892d",
      "source_role": "snippet_registry"
    },
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/syntax2-42725-latest/latest/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "7eb983d101b26523ccf85e3f7522493a616cefa46476754f66cd9286b503bc83",
    "target": "latest",
    "target_stop": {
      "argv": [
        "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/postgresql@18/18.6/bin/pg_ctl",
        "-D",
        "/Users/vonng/pgcenter/err-code/.cache/runtime/syntax2-42725-latest/latest/data",
        "-m",
        "fast",
        "-w",
        "stop"
      ],
      "elapsed_seconds": 0.115,
      "returncode": 0,
      "stderr": "",
      "stdout": "waiting for server to shut down.... done\nserver stopped\n"
    }
  },
  "run_id": "syntax2-42725-latest",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.syntax2-42725-latest.latest",
  "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "latest"
}
runtimes · runtime.syntax2-42725-pg10.pg10 · 10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "ambiguous_function_call"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "assertions": [
      {
        "expected": "42725",
        "name": "42725 SQLSTATE",
        "observed": "42725",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "ERROR",
        "name": "42725 ERROR severity",
        "observed": "ERROR",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "ambiguous_function(unknown) is not unique",
        "name": "ambiguous function diagnostic names the unresolved signature",
        "observed": "function c42725_ambiguous_function_call.ambiguous_function(unknown) is not unique",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "IDLE",
        "name": "ambiguous function leaves autocommit session usable",
        "observed": "IDLE",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.",
        "name": "parser hint recommends explicit type casts",
        "observed": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": {
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": "uuid"
        },
        "name": "explicit uuid cast selects one overload",
        "observed": {
          "error": true,
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": "uuid"
        },
        "passed": true
      }
    ],
    "case_manifest": {
      "id": "manifest.42725",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42725/cases.json",
      "sha256": "f30aa7905019f99f891ca5dfd53a4c5439f5d363ac7ba6f21cca51decfa78608",
      "source_role": "case_manifest"
    },
    "cases": [
      "ambiguous_function_call"
    ],
    "cleanup": {
      "errors": [],
      "passed": true
    },
    "environment": {
      "TimeZone": "Etc/UTC",
      "backend_pid": 80,
      "binary": {},
      "connection_scope": "runner-owned localhost port",
      "current_user": "postgres",
      "docker": {
        "architecture": "arm64",
        "command": "/usr/local/bin/docker",
        "digest": "sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
        "id": "sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
        "image": "postgres:10",
        "image_created": "2022-06-23T09:11:18.374607054Z",
        "image_ref": "postgres@sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
        "log_destination": "csvlog",
        "os": "linux",
        "repo_digests": [
          "postgres@sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc"
        ]
      },
      "lc_messages": "en_US.utf8",
      "libpq_version": "18.6",
      "locale": "C.UTF-8",
      "log_destination": "csvlog",
      "log_error_verbosity": "verbose",
      "log_min_error_statement": "error",
      "log_min_messages": "error",
      "logging_collector": "on",
      "machine": "arm64",
      "max_connections": "100",
      "platform": "macOS-26.6.2-arm64-arm-64bit-Mach-O",
      "psycopg_version": "3.3.5",
      "python_version": "3.14.6 (main, Jun 10 2026, 10:03:53) [Clang 21.0.0 (clang-2100.0.123.102)]",
      "server_encoding": "UTF8",
      "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
      "server_version_num": "100021",
      "target_kind": "pg10",
      "wal_level": "logical"
    },
    "id": "runtime.syntax2-42725-pg10.pg10",
    "observed": {
      "connection_autocommit": true,
      "diagnostic": {
        "column_name": null,
        "constraint_name": null,
        "context": null,
        "datatype_name": null,
        "exception_type": "AmbiguousFunction",
        "internal_position": null,
        "internal_query": null,
        "message_detail": null,
        "message_hint": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.",
        "message_primary": "function c42725_ambiguous_function_call.ambiguous_function(unknown) is not unique",
        "schema_name": null,
        "severity": "ERROR",
        "severity_nonlocalized": "ERROR",
        "source_file": "parse_func.c",
        "source_function": "ParseFuncOrColumn",
        "source_line": "506",
        "sqlstate": "42725",
        "statement_position": "8",
        "table_name": null,
        "text": "function c42725_ambiguous_function_call.ambiguous_function(unknown) is not unique\nLINE 1: SELECT \"c42725_ambiguous_function_call\".ambiguous_function('...\n               ^\nHINT:  Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts."
      },
      "failed_status": "IDLE",
      "repair_status": "IDLE",
      "repair_value": "uuid"
    },
    "raw": "verify/results/syntax2-42725-pg10/pg10/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "3c040a2678f73c59608904f5ec16e4e4724eabb2d889d95771399e66d97d5dcc",
    "run_id": "syntax2-42725-pg10",
    "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
    "server_version_num": 100021,
    "snippet_registry": {
      "id": "snippet-registry.42725",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42725/snippets.json",
      "sha256": "12b590e1d121cc121cf707657e48cbf4a07cbe63cce30780fc3c05043c3a892d",
      "source_role": "snippet_registry"
    },
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/syntax2-42725-pg10/pg10/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "fd06bb75895662d5ff912d53d42ece8e73a183c5722d9aaf74a48c69d2fe1482",
    "target": "pg10",
    "target_stop": {
      "cleanup": {
        "argv": [
          "/usr/local/bin/docker",
          "rm",
          "-f",
          "-v",
          "sqlstate42725_syntax242725pg10_pg10"
        ],
        "elapsed_seconds": 0.293,
        "returncode": 0,
        "stderr": "",
        "stdout": "sqlstate42725_syntax242725pg10_pg10\n"
      },
      "inspect": {
        "argv": [
          "/usr/local/bin/docker",
          "inspect",
          "sqlstate42725_syntax242725pg10_pg10"
        ],
        "elapsed_seconds": 0.02,
        "returncode": 0,
        "stderr": "",
        "stdout": "[\n    {\n        \"Id\": \"01110787e5884e2b18c482d733adcb3c96e553afbf0d036c132972b664a257e8\",\n        \"Created\": \"2026-09-09T16:40:10.42927297Z\",\n        \"Path\": \"docker-entrypoint.sh\",\n        \"Args\": [\n            \"postgres\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"listen_addresses=*\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_destination=csvlog\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"logging_collector=on\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_directory=log\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_filename=postgresql-%Y%m%d%H%M%S.log\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_min_messages=error\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_min_error_statement=error\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_error_verbosity=verbose\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"wal_level=logical\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"max_wal_senders=10\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"max_replication_slots=10\"\n        ],\n        \"State\": {\n            \"Status\": \"running\",\n            \"Running\": true,\n            \"Paused\": false,\n            \"Restarting\": false,\n            \"OOMKilled\": false,\n            \"Dead\": false,\n            \"Pid\": 62517,\n            \"ExitCode\": 0,\n            \"Error\": \"\",\n            \"StartedAt\": \"2026-09-09T16:40:10.511758095Z\",\n            \"FinishedAt\": \"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z\"\n        },\n        \"Image\": \"sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc\",\n        \"ResolvConfPath\": \"/var/lib/docker/containers/01110787e5884e2b18c482d733adcb3c96e553afbf0d036c132972b664a257e8/resolv.conf\",\n        \"HostnamePath\": \"/var/lib/docker/containers/01110787e5884e2b18c482d733adcb3c96e553afbf0d036c132972b664a257e8/hostname\",\n        \"HostsPath\": \"/var/lib/docker/containers/01110787e5884e2b18c482d733adcb3c96e553afbf0d036c132972b664a257e8/hosts\",\n        \"LogPath\": 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sources · src.errcodes.REL_18_6
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sources · src.calls.REL_18_6
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sources · src.calls.REL_10_23
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sources · src.ambiguous-function.18.6
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sources · src.ambiguous-function.10.23
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sources · manifest.42725
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sources · snippet-registry.42725
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}

来源引用

完整定义与证据 JSON

定义来源

center · PostgreSQL 18 · english-manuals:d80c2ae458f55607cd7dfe6dd15f926fbbb0116befa275d79b317bb1d06e976f

正文语言: zh-Hans · english-manuals:d80c2ae458f55607cd7dfe6dd15f926fbbb0116befa275d79b317bb1d06e976f