42P02 — 未定义参数

查询引用了解析器未知的位置参数，如 $1。

英文手册覆盖始于 PostgreSQL 8.1. 来源历史与运行验证各自保留独立版本边界。

当前阅读 PG 18·选择有来源记录的版本

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

aliases: 未知
class name: Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
condition name: undefined_parameter
lang: en
sqlstate: 42P02

版本定义 PG 18

42P02 — 未定义参数

速览 {#at-a-glance}

42P02（undefined_parameter）是解析阶段的 ERROR：$1 等位置参数超出了解析器已知的参数集合。它不同于 Bind 报文参数数量违反协议时的 08P01，也不同于参数存在但类型推导不一致的 42P08。

含义 {#meaning}

固定参数钩子会拒绝超出声明数组或类型无效的参数编号；可变参数钩子虽然会在解析时扩展数组，解析结束时仍会拒绝超出范围的参数。没有钩子解析该标记时也使用相同主消息。选定路径都带解析位置，there is no parameter $%d 中的编号是动态值；这针对 SQL 参数标记，不是表列或 PL/pgSQL 变量缺失。

扩展查询的边界不同：exec_bind_message 会检查参数格式码数量、参数值数量和预备语句的要求，数量不符时报告 08P01，例如 bind message supplies %d parameters, but prepared statement "%s" requires %d。因此 Bind 阶段的数量/格式错误不能改标成 42P02。

诊断 {#diagnosis}

记录 SQL 文本、解析位置、参数编号和协议阶段。Parse/解析阶段对照固定或可变参数声明与每个 $n；扩展查询 Bind 阶段另查格式码和参数值数量，数量不符走 08P01。参数存在但类型推导冲突时才看 42P08。

处理 {#response}

修正 SQL 占位符编号或 Parse 参数声明；Bind 阶段发送预备语句要求的准确参数数量和兼容的格式码，不要用类型转换掩盖数量错误。真正缺少参数时补上预期参数，或明确改用字面量/默认值。若 ERROR 发生在显式事务中，应回滚到合适保存点或回滚事务后重试；本页没有运行时恢复观察。

消息变体 {#messages}

选定解析路径均为 ERROR there is no parameter $%d；%d 是动态参数编号。固定的 18.6 Bind 检查属于 08P01，主消息是 bind message has %d parameter formats but %d parameters 或 bind message supplies %d parameters, but prepared statement "%s" requires %d。

版本 {#versions}

目录锁定范围从 7.4 下界到 18.6、19beta3；这是目录范围，不是运行时比较。选定的是 18.6 固定解析器和 Bind 源码路径，未运行客户端 Bind 案例。

来源 {#sources}

src.errcodes.42P02.18.6 — src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt line 375，固定于 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7；SHA-256 6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba（源码）。
src.call.42P02.81f0048a16f439569ce3a4ba — src/backend/parser/parse_expr.c lines 899-902，固定于 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7；SHA-256 63c37770872a08978f931c31f801666a08e3bc8e51c2c65ff60151a1d139d55b（源码）。
src.call.42P02.73515542f469d69893fd5fb8 — src/backend/parser/parse_param.c lines 109-112，固定于 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7；SHA-256 4aab2ecc770fcda619b26ac12beaf7e527542b56f55eb45879b72e92442e8a28（源码）。
src.call.42P02.671f865f9d428e0ab2a78347 — src/backend/parser/parse_param.c lines 203-206，固定于 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7；SHA-256 4aab2ecc770fcda619b26ac12beaf7e527542b56f55eb45879b72e92442e8a28（源码）。
src.call.42P02.bind-contract — src/backend/tcop/postgres.c lines 1718-1731，固定于 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7；SHA-256 9fb62275b1badf94d01ab351337b60410cd9b3ab1fe63fa9f23d6d2185a21061（源码）。
src.calls.REL_18_6.42P02 — 固定本地核心调用扫描；SHA-256 9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf。
作者证据 — 记录源码断言、消息角色和运行边界。

比较版本

SQLSTATE 证据与已记录的运行版本

claims · identity.class-and-condition

{
  "claim_id": "identity.class-and-condition",
  "limits": "Identity does not enumerate all source branches or client failures.",
  "method": "Read fixed REL_18_6 errcodes.txt and locked facts.",
  "position": 0,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.42P02.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "42P02 is the undefined_parameter condition in Class 42."
}

claims · mechanism.selected-source-path

{
  "claim_id": "mechanism.selected-source-path",
  "limits": "Representative confirmed core paths only; not exhaustive historical or extension coverage.",
  "method": "Read complete resolved REL_18_6 report groups and message roles.",
  "position": 1,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.call.42P02.81f0048a16f439569ce3a4ba",
    "src.call.42P02.73515542f469d69893fd5fb8",
    "src.call.42P02.671f865f9d428e0ab2a78347",
    "src.call.42P02.bind-contract"
  ],
  "statement": "Fixed and variable parser parameter hooks report `there is no parameter $%d` with parser position when a marker is outside the known parameter set. The separate extended-query Bind guards report protocol violation 08P01 for parameter format/value counts that do not match the prepared statement, so a Bind count mismatch is not 42P02."
}

claims · versions.catalogue-boundary

{
  "claim_id": "versions.catalogue-boundary",
  "limits": "First observed release is a lower bound, not precise behavioral introduction.",
  "method": "Read locked catalogue facts and definition snapshots.",
  "position": 2,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.42P02.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "From the locked 7.4 lower bound through 18.6 and 19beta3; this is a catalogue range. The selected parser and Bind branches are fixed 18.6 source paths and no client bind case was run."
}

messages · message.variant-1

{
  "limits": "Placeholders remain dynamic source fields; no concrete runtime value is claimed.",
  "message_id": "message.variant-1",
  "path": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "detail_templates": [],
    "hint_templates": [],
    "id": "message.variant-1",
    "limits": "Placeholders remain dynamic source fields; no concrete runtime value is claimed.",
    "primary_template": "there is no parameter $%d",
    "roles": [
      {
        "role": "errmsg",
        "template": "there is no parameter $%d"
      }
    ],
    "severity_source": "explicit ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.call.42P02.81f0048a16f439569ce3a4ba"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "42P02"
  },
  "severity": "explicit ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.call.42P02.81f0048a16f439569ce3a4ba"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "there is no parameter $",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "there is no parameter $%d"
    }
  ]
}

messages · message.variant-2

{
  "limits": "Placeholders remain dynamic source fields; no concrete runtime value is claimed.",
  "message_id": "message.variant-2",
  "path": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "detail_templates": [],
    "hint_templates": [],
    "id": "message.variant-2",
    "limits": "Placeholders remain dynamic source fields; no concrete runtime value is claimed.",
    "primary_template": "there is no parameter $%d",
    "roles": [
      {
        "role": "errmsg",
        "template": "there is no parameter $%d"
      }
    ],
    "severity_source": "explicit ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.call.42P02.73515542f469d69893fd5fb8"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "42P02"
  },
  "severity": "explicit ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.call.42P02.73515542f469d69893fd5fb8"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "there is no parameter $",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "there is no parameter $%d"
    }
  ]
}

messages · message.variant-3

{
  "limits": "Placeholders remain dynamic source fields; no concrete runtime value is claimed.",
  "message_id": "message.variant-3",
  "path": "",
  "position": 2,
  "raw": {
    "detail_templates": [],
    "hint_templates": [],
    "id": "message.variant-3",
    "limits": "Placeholders remain dynamic source fields; no concrete runtime value is claimed.",
    "primary_template": "there is no parameter $%d",
    "roles": [
      {
        "role": "errmsg",
        "template": "there is no parameter $%d"
      }
    ],
    "severity_source": "explicit ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.call.42P02.671f865f9d428e0ab2a78347"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "42P02"
  },
  "severity": "explicit ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.call.42P02.671f865f9d428e0ab2a78347"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "there is no parameter $",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "there is no parameter $%d"
    }
  ]
}

sources · src.errcodes.42P02.18.6

{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "line 375",
  "path": "src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt",
  "position": 0,
  "sha256": "6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba",
  "source_id": "src.errcodes.42P02.18.6",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt#L375"
}

sources · src.call.42P02.81f0048a16f439569ce3a4ba

{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "lines 899-902",
  "path": "src/backend/parser/parse_expr.c",
  "position": 1,
  "sha256": "63c37770872a08978f931c31f801666a08e3bc8e51c2c65ff60151a1d139d55b",
  "source_id": "src.call.42P02.81f0048a16f439569ce3a4ba",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/parse_expr.c#L899-L902"
}

sources · src.call.42P02.73515542f469d69893fd5fb8

{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "lines 109-112",
  "path": "src/backend/parser/parse_param.c",
  "position": 2,
  "sha256": "4aab2ecc770fcda619b26ac12beaf7e527542b56f55eb45879b72e92442e8a28",
  "source_id": "src.call.42P02.73515542f469d69893fd5fb8",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/parse_param.c#L109-L112"
}

sources · src.call.42P02.671f865f9d428e0ab2a78347

{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "lines 203-206",
  "path": "src/backend/parser/parse_param.c",
  "position": 3,
  "sha256": "4aab2ecc770fcda619b26ac12beaf7e527542b56f55eb45879b72e92442e8a28",
  "source_id": "src.call.42P02.671f865f9d428e0ab2a78347",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/parser/parse_param.c#L203-L206"
}

sources · src.call.42P02.bind-contract

{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "lines 1718-1731",
  "path": "src/backend/tcop/postgres.c",
  "position": 4,
  "sha256": "9fb62275b1badf94d01ab351337b60410cd9b3ab1fe63fa9f23d6d2185a21061",
  "source_id": "src.call.42P02.bind-contract",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c#L1718-L1731"
}

sources · src.calls.REL_18_6.42P02

{
  "commit": "",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "local_artifact",
  "location": "",
  "path": "raw/calls/REL_18_6.jsonl",
  "position": 5,
  "sha256": "9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf",
  "source_id": "src.calls.REL_18_6.42P02",
  "tag": "",
  "url": ""
}

来源引用

原始手册引用

完整定义与证据 JSON

定义来源

center · PostgreSQL 18 · english-manuals:6832f8931981680f813099537998b83c507a976b00aa7f51fbfc4c022c1d0d69

正文语言: zh-Hans · english-manuals:6832f8931981680f813099537998b83c507a976b00aa7f51fbfc4c022c1d0d69

42P02 — 未定义参数

版本定义 PG 18

42P02 — 未定义参数

速览 {#at-a-glance}

含义 {#meaning}

诊断 {#diagnosis}

处理 {#response}

消息变体 {#messages}

版本 {#versions}

相关 {#related}

来源 {#sources}

比较版本

SQLSTATE 证据与已记录的运行版本

来源引用