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Wiki / SQLSTATE

XX000 — internal_error（内部错误）

内部错误，也是未显式指定代码的 ERROR 默认码。

英文手册覆盖始于 PostgreSQL 8.1. 来源历史与运行验证各自保留独立版本边界。

当前阅读 PG 18·选择有来源记录的版本

8.18.28.38.49.09.19.29.39.49.59.61011121314151617181920
aliases
未知
class name
Internal Error
condition name
internal_error
lang
en
sqlstate
XX000

版本定义 PG 18

速览 {#at-a-glance}

XX000 是类别 XX Internal Error 中的 internal_error 条件。PostgreSQL 源码目录把这个类别描述为“本不应发生”的条件和软件缺陷。它是通用的诊断边界，不能据此断言数据库已经损坏。

这个代码也有机械的默认来源。在错误栈初始化时，没有后续显式代码的 ERROR 或更高级别会先使用 ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR；WARNING 级别从 ERRCODE_WARNING（01000）开始；低于 WARNING 的级别若没有自己的代码则从 00000 开始。显式 errcode() 可以选择其他 SQLSTATE。因此，XX000 可能来自没有显式 SQLSTATE 的默认 elog(ERROR, ...) 路径，也可能来自主动报告内部错误的路径。

严重级别和连接后果取决于具体路径。ERROR、FATAL 和 PANIC 是不同的协议严重级别；扩展测试代码甚至可以在 NOTICE 中显式携带 XX000。应把严重级别、事务状态、连接状态、源码位置和完整诊断放在一起读取。

代表性案例 internal_error_safety_boundary 只做源码核验，未实测自然触发路径。由于强行制造内部损坏或故障会越过安全的临时数据库边界，PostgreSQL 18.6 和 10.21 上均记录为 not_applicable，也没有用手写 RAISE 冒充服务器内部失败。

含义与触发路径 {#meaning}

18.6 的定义是在类别 XX 下的 XX000 E ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR internal_error。这个类别注释有意保持宽泛。对于数据损坏（XX001）和索引损坏（XX002）还有更具体的代码；选用 XX000 不会自动把通用内部报文升级成这两种诊断。

需要区分两种源码模式：

  1. 默认内部代码。 后端路径调用没有显式 SQLSTATE 的 elog(ERROR, ...)，或以同样方式到达 ereport(ERROR, ...)。elog.c 会把这个错误初始化为 XX000，但报文和源码函数仍能指出所属子系统。
  2. 显式内部代码。 某条路径调用 errcode(ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR)，因为某个不变量或操作系统/服务结果被视为不可能或不可用。18.6 中的例子包括 B-tree 重检时无法重新找到索引元组、动态共享内存控制段无效、尝试重新定义非占位配置参数，以及 UUID 生成无法取得强随机字节。

显式代码不会强制唯一的严重级别。共享内存路径报告 FATAL，而 B-tree、GUC 和 UUID 例子报告 ERROR。一个访问控制测试钩子还会在 NOTICE 中显式报告 ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR，说明 SQLSTATE 与严重级别是分开的字段。这个钩子只是源码例子，不是普通生产提示表示内部故障的证据。

报文与诊断 {#messages}

XX000 没有统一的主报文。源码中可见的代表性模板包括：

  • failed to re-find tuple within index "%s"，并提示索引表达式可能不是不可变的（nbtinsert.c）。
  • dynamic shared memory control segment is not valid，出现在 FATAL 初始化路径（dsm.c）。
  • attempt to redefine parameter "%s"（guc.c）和 could not generate random values（uuid.c）。
  • 默认 elog(ERROR, ...) 路径中的 invalid page pd_lower %u pd_upper %u pd_special %u（bufmask.c）；没有其他显式代码替换时，默认映射会提供 XX000。

这些都是具体路径的诊断模板。应记录 SQLSTATE、两种严重级别字段、主报文、详细信息、提示、上下文、源码文件、函数、行号、后端 PID、数据库和服务器版本。本地化文本和模板措辞可能变化；源码路径和结构化字段比报文子串更稳定。

诊断 {#diagnosis}

在重试或重启前保留完整的客户端错误和对应服务器日志。先按协议严重级别分类：

  • ERROR 通常会中止当前显式事务，但回滚后后端连接仍可使用。
  • FATAL 会结束后端会话，客户端需要建立新连接才能继续。
  • PANIC 是影响服务器的紧急路径，进程和连接后果必须根据服务器日志和进程监管状态确认。
  • 显式携带 XX000 的 WARNING 或 NOTICE 具有不同控制流，单凭它既不能证明内部故障，也不能断言事务中止。

随后按源码函数和子系统归类。检查是否有先发生的 I/O、内存、扩展、索引、配置或并发故障；比对确切服务器构建和固定源码版本；寻找是否重复出现。只有当诊断指向相关对象时，才使用只读的目录、索引或页面检查。不能仅凭类别名推断损坏，也不要用手写 RAISE EXCEPTION 来制造复现：那默认测试的是 P0001，不是服务器内部路径。

处理 {#response}

按照严重级别和子系统处理。ERROR 要先回滚事务再发无关命令；FATAL 后重新建立连接；PANIC 后遵循服务器重启和事故流程。内部错误若源码指向不变量、存储、索引或共享内存边界，不应盲目重试。

收集服务器版本、确切 SQL、后端和服务器日志、源码位置、关系对象或其他对象身份，以及近期配置和扩展变化。如果证据指向损坏，应根据事故流程在适当时停止写入，保留副本或快照，并使用 PostgreSQL 文档化的恢复与支持流程。如果证据指向没有损坏迹象的软件或扩展缺陷，则隔离可复现条件并比较受支持的版本。正确处理取决于这些证据，而不是 XX000 本身。

版本 {#versions}

目录记录 XX000 存在于锁定的 7.4–8.4.22 pre-9.0 正式源码、9.0.23 至 18.6 的全部正式快照及 19 Beta 3 预览快照。同 tag 的 REL8_1_4 errcodes.sgml 表已经列出 XX000 和条件名 internal_error，因此至少可以确认 8.1.4 已有该条件名。9.0 头文件视图中的类标题为 Internal Error (PostgreSQL-specific error class)，到 9.1 的文本定义变为 Internal Error。7.0–7.3 仍有候选源码缺口；这些是目录观察边界，不是确切实现引入日期的断言。

18.6 固定源码 commit 为 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7。默认严重级别到代码的映射以及上面的源码路径均有 18.6 证据。代表性运行案例没有接受确定且安全的 SQL 触发方式，因此两个目标的运行时状态均保持 not_applicable。

相关 {#related}

XX001 — data_corrupted 和 XX002 — index_corrupted 是更具体的损坏条件。P0001 — raise_exception 是没有代码的 PL/pgSQL RAISE EXCEPTION 的通常默认值。57P01 — admin_shutdown 是不同类别的服务器连接事件。25P02 — in_failed_sql_transaction 是前一个错误导致的后续事务状态，不是 XX000 的同义词。

来源 {#sources}

结构化证据记录在公开证据 JSON中。源码记录固定到 PostgreSQL commit 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7；运行时记录保留精确的源码边界案例 ID 和两个目标摘要。

  • src.errcodes.18.6 — errcodes.txt
  • src.elog.18.6 — elog.c
  • src.nbtinsert.18.6、src.dsm.18.6、src.guc.18.6、src.uuid.18.6 与 src.bufmask.18.6 — 源码确认的内部路径
  • src.oat-hooks.18.6 — 在 NOTICE 中显式提供内部代码
  • doc.protocol.18 — Error and Notice Message Fields

比较版本

SQLSTATE 证据与已记录的运行版本

cases · internal_error_safety_boundary
{
  "assertions": [
    "The directory and source paths are recorded",
    "The batch marks the natural runtime trigger not applicable rather than fabricating one"
  ],
  "case_id": "internal_error_safety_boundary",
  "cleanup": "No runtime resources are created.",
  "has_snippet": false,
  "position": 0,
  "preconditions": [
    "A source-confirmed internal error path"
  ],
  "repair": "Preserve diagnostics, stop treating the session as healthy when appropriate, and investigate the exact server path with supportable evidence.",
  "trigger": "No deterministic safe SQL trigger is used; forcing internal corruption would violate the disposable-case safety boundary.",
  "versions": [
    "10",
    "18"
  ]
}
claims · identity.class-and-condition
{
  "claim_id": "identity.class-and-condition",
  "limits": "The generic class identity does not prove corruption or identify the subsystem.",
  "method": "Read the Class XX section, comment, and XX000 row in the frozen errcodes.txt snapshot.",
  "position": 0,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "XX000 is the internal_error condition in Class XX, Internal Error, whose source comment covers can't-happen conditions and software bugs."
}
claims · dispatch.default-internal
{
  "claim_id": "dispatch.default-internal",
  "limits": "Later errcode() construction can replace the initial value; the mapping is not a diagnosis of corruption.",
  "method": "Read the default sqlerrcode selection in errstart() in the fixed source.",
  "position": 1,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.elog.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "Without a later explicit code, an ERROR or higher level is initialized with ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR, while WARNING starts with ERRCODE_WARNING and lower levels with ERRCODE_SUCCESSFUL_COMPLETION."
}
claims · paths.explicit-internal
{
  "claim_id": "paths.explicit-internal",
  "limits": "These are distinct source paths with different preconditions and severities; they do not establish that a generic XX000 occurrence came from any one of them.",
  "method": "Read each errcode(ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR) branch and its surrounding invariant or service diagnostic.",
  "position": 2,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.nbtinsert.18.6",
    "src.dsm.18.6",
    "src.guc.18.6",
    "src.uuid.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "The fixed 18.6 source contains explicit XX000 paths for btree tuple rechecking, invalid dynamic shared-memory control state, configuration parameter redefinition, and strong-random UUID generation failure."
}
claims · paths.default-elog
{
  "claim_id": "paths.default-elog",
  "limits": "The source example is a diagnostic invariant check; a real occurrence requires the exact runtime path and environment.",
  "method": "Read the bufmask elog call and the error-stack default mapping.",
  "position": 3,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.bufmask.18.6",
    "src.elog.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "A default elog(ERROR, ...) path such as the invalid-page check starts with XX000 through the generic severity mapping when it supplies no explicit SQLSTATE."
}
claims · paths.severity-separation
{
  "claim_id": "paths.severity-separation",
  "limits": "The OAT hook is test-module code and does not represent normal production internal-error behavior.",
  "method": "Read each ereport level alongside its explicit errcode and compare the protocol severity contract.",
  "position": 4,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.dsm.18.6",
    "src.nbtinsert.18.6",
    "src.guc.18.6",
    "src.uuid.18.6",
    "src.oat-hooks.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "An explicit XX000 does not force one wire severity: the shared-memory path is FATAL, several paths are ERROR, and the access-control hook can carry XX000 at NOTICE."
}
claims · protocol.severity-fields
{
  "claim_id": "protocol.severity-fields",
  "limits": "Severity is a wire property and must be interpreted with transaction and connection state.",
  "method": "Read the official PostgreSQL 18 Error and Notice Message Fields table.",
  "position": 5,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "doc.protocol.18"
  ],
  "statement": "The protocol distinguishes ERROR/FATAL/PANIC severities in error messages from WARNING/NOTICE/DEBUG/INFO/LOG severities in notice messages, with localized S and nonlocalized V fields."
}
claims · diagnosis.no-corruption-inference
{
  "claim_id": "diagnosis.no-corruption-inference",
  "limits": "This is an evidence boundary, not a claim that corruption is impossible when XX000 occurs.",
  "method": "Compare the broad Class XX comment and the distinct source paths and messages.",
  "position": 6,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.18.6",
    "src.nbtinsert.18.6",
    "src.bufmask.18.6",
    "src.dsm.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "XX000 alone is insufficient to diagnose data or index corruption; the exact message, source path, severity, and surrounding evidence are required."
}
claims · runtime.safety-boundary
{
  "claim_id": "runtime.safety-boundary",
  "limits": "This is not runtime proof of an XX000 occurrence; it records that fault or corruption injection was outside the accepted test boundary.",
  "method": "Read the stable case contract and both target summaries/raw records, retaining source_confirmed_only and not_applicable.",
  "position": 7,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "case-manifest.XX000",
    "runtime-raw.XX000.latest",
    "runtime.XX000-debug-latest.latest",
    "runtime.XX000-debug-pg10.pg10"
  ],
  "statement": "The internal_error_safety_boundary case is recorded as not_applicable on PostgreSQL 18.6 and 10.21 because no safe deterministic SQL trigger was used."
}
claims · versions.catalogue-boundary
{
  "claim_id": "versions.catalogue-boundary",
  "limits": "The pre-9.0 source set is locked through 8.4.22 but candidate source gaps remain for 7.0–7.3; the observed condition-name and class-title changes are not exact implementation introduction dates.",
  "method": "Read the manifest snapshot and the same-tag REL8_1_4 errcodes.sgml row for the code; the generated per-code record is derived from those entries.",
  "position": 8,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "manifest.XX000",
    "doc.errcodes.8.1.4"
  ],
  "statement": "The locked catalogue records XX000 in the 7.4–8.4.22 pre-9.0 formal sources, every listed formal snapshot from 9.0.23 through 18.6, and 19beta3. The same-tag REL8_1_4 errcodes.sgml row already lists XX000 as internal_error, confirming that condition-name observation by 8.1.4. The class title changes between the 9.0 header and 9.1 text definitions; candidate source gaps remain for 7.0–7.3. These are presence boundaries, not exact implementation introduction dates."
}
messages · message.index-refind
{
  "limits": "The message belongs to the UNIQUE_CHECK_EXISTING btree path and carries a relation/constraint context.",
  "message_id": "message.index-refind",
  "path": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "hint_template": "This may be because of a non-immutable index expression.",
    "id": "message.index-refind",
    "limits": "The message belongs to the UNIQUE_CHECK_EXISTING btree path and carries a relation/constraint context.",
    "primary_template": "failed to re-find tuple within index \"%s\"",
    "severity_source": "explicit ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.nbtinsert.18.6"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "XX000"
  },
  "severity": "explicit ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.nbtinsert.18.6"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "failed to re-find tuple within index \" \"",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "failed to re-find tuple within index \"%s\""
    },
    {
      "kind": "hint",
      "literal": "This may be because of a non-immutable index expression.",
      "position": 1,
      "role": "",
      "template": "This may be because of a non-immutable index expression."
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.dsm-fatal
{
  "limits": "This path terminates the backend session; it is not a generic client-side error template.",
  "message_id": "message.dsm-fatal",
  "path": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.dsm-fatal",
    "limits": "This path terminates the backend session; it is not a generic client-side error template.",
    "primary_template": "dynamic shared memory control segment is not valid",
    "severity_source": "explicit FATAL",
    "sources": [
      "src.dsm.18.6"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "XX000"
  },
  "severity": "explicit FATAL",
  "sources": [
    "src.dsm.18.6"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "dynamic shared memory control segment is not valid",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "dynamic shared memory control segment is not valid"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.guc
{
  "limits": "The template belongs to the custom GUC placeholder invariant path.",
  "message_id": "message.guc",
  "path": "",
  "position": 2,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.guc",
    "limits": "The template belongs to the custom GUC placeholder invariant path.",
    "primary_template": "attempt to redefine parameter \"%s\"",
    "severity_source": "explicit ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.guc.18.6"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "XX000"
  },
  "severity": "explicit ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.guc.18.6"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "attempt to redefine parameter \" \"",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "attempt to redefine parameter \"%s\""
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.uuid
{
  "limits": "The message reports failure of the strong-random provider in the UUID path.",
  "message_id": "message.uuid",
  "path": "",
  "position": 3,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.uuid",
    "limits": "The message reports failure of the strong-random provider in the UUID path.",
    "primary_template": "could not generate random values",
    "severity_source": "explicit ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.uuid.18.6"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "XX000"
  },
  "severity": "explicit ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.uuid.18.6"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "could not generate random values",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "could not generate random values"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.bufmask-default
{
  "limits": "The XX000 code is supplied by the default mapping because this elog call has no explicit errcode.",
  "message_id": "message.bufmask-default",
  "path": "",
  "position": 4,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.bufmask-default",
    "limits": "The XX000 code is supplied by the default mapping because this elog call has no explicit errcode.",
    "primary_template": "invalid page pd_lower %u pd_upper %u pd_special %u",
    "severity_source": "default elog(ERROR)",
    "sources": [
      "src.bufmask.18.6",
      "src.elog.18.6"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "XX000"
  },
  "severity": "default elog(ERROR)",
  "sources": [
    "src.bufmask.18.6",
    "src.elog.18.6"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "invalid page pd_lower pd_upper pd_special",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "invalid page pd_lower %u pd_upper %u pd_special %u"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.oat-notice
{
  "limits": "This is a test-module hook diagnostic demonstrating severity/code separation, not a production internal-error occurrence.",
  "message_id": "message.oat-notice",
  "path": "",
  "position": 5,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.oat-notice",
    "limits": "This is a test-module hook diagnostic demonstrating severity/code separation, not a production internal-error occurrence.",
    "primary_template": "in %s: %s %s %s [%s]",
    "severity_source": "explicit NOTICE",
    "sources": [
      "src.oat-hooks.18.6"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "XX000"
  },
  "severity": "explicit NOTICE",
  "sources": [
    "src.oat-hooks.18.6"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "in : [ ]",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "in %s: %s %s %s [%s]"
    }
  ]
}
runtimes · runtime.XX000-debug-latest.latest · 18.6 (Homebrew) · not_applicable
{
  "cases": [
    "internal_error_safety_boundary"
  ],
  "limits": "No internal-error path was executed.",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "cases": [
      "internal_error_safety_boundary"
    ],
    "id": "runtime.XX000-debug-latest.latest",
    "limits": "No internal-error path was executed.",
    "raw": "verify/results/XX000-debug-latest/latest/raw.jsonl",
    "reason": "source_confirmed_only",
    "run_id": "XX000-debug-latest",
    "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
    "server_version_num": 180006,
    "status": "not_applicable",
    "summary": "verify/results/XX000-debug-latest/latest/summary.json",
    "target": "latest"
  },
  "run_id": "XX000-debug-latest",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.XX000-debug-latest.latest",
  "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
  "status": "not_applicable",
  "target": "latest"
}
runtimes · runtime.XX000-debug-pg10.pg10 · 10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1) · not_applicable
{
  "cases": [
    "internal_error_safety_boundary"
  ],
  "limits": "No internal-error path was executed.",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "cases": [
      "internal_error_safety_boundary"
    ],
    "id": "runtime.XX000-debug-pg10.pg10",
    "image": "postgres@sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
    "limits": "No internal-error path was executed.",
    "raw": "verify/results/XX000-debug-pg10/pg10/raw.jsonl",
    "reason": "source_confirmed_only",
    "run_id": "XX000-debug-pg10",
    "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
    "server_version_num": 100021,
    "status": "not_applicable",
    "summary": "verify/results/XX000-debug-pg10/pg10/summary.json",
    "target": "pg10"
  },
  "run_id": "XX000-debug-pg10",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.XX000-debug-pg10.pg10",
  "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
  "status": "not_applicable",
  "target": "pg10"
}
sources · src.errcodes.18.6
{
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sources · src.elog.18.6
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sources · src.nbtinsert.18.6
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sources · src.dsm.18.6
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sources · src.guc.18.6
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sources · src.uuid.18.6
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sources · src.bufmask.18.6
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sources · src.oat-hooks.18.6
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sources · doc.protocol.18
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sources · doc.errcodes.8.1.4
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sources · manifest.XX000
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sources · case-manifest.XX000
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sources · runtime-raw.XX000.latest
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来源引用

完整定义与证据 JSON

定义来源

center · PostgreSQL 18 · english-manuals:e1cf957b27ee00962ed761abc4cfb75b52de58b2b6ed8b2542eafb44748db95c

正文语言: zh-Hans · english-manuals:e1cf957b27ee00962ed761abc4cfb75b52de58b2b6ed8b2542eafb44748db95c