H.1. Client Interfaces

Supported versions: Current (18) / 17 / 16 / 15 / 14

Development versions: 19 / 20devel

Unsupported versions: 13 / 12 / 11 / 10 / 9.6 / 9.5 / 9.4 / 9.3 / 9.2 / 9.1 / 9.0 / 8.4 / 8.3 / 8.2

Historical version. PostgreSQL 10 has reached end of support. 2022-11-10. See the current manual.

H.1. Client Interfaces
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There are only two client interfaces included in the base PostgreSQL distribution:

libpq is included because it is the primary C language interface, and because many other client interfaces are built on top of it.
ECPG is included because it depends on the server-side SQL grammar, and is therefore sensitive to changes in PostgreSQL itself.

All other language interfaces are external projects and are distributed separately. Table H.1 includes a list of some of these projects. Note that some of these packages might not be released under the same license as PostgreSQL. For more information on each language interface, including licensing terms, refer to its website and documentation.

Table H.1. Externally Maintained Client Interfaces

Name	Language	Comments	Website
DBD::Pg	Perl	Perl DBI driver	https://metacpan.org/release/DBD-Pg/
JDBC	Java	Type 4 JDBC driver	https://jdbc.postgresql.org/
libpqxx	C++	C++ interface	https://pqxx.org/
node-postgres	JavaScript	Node.js driver	https://node-postgres.com/
Npgsql	.NET	.NET data provider	https://www.npgsql.org/
pgtcl	Tcl		https://github.com/flightaware/Pgtcl
pgtclng	Tcl		http://sourceforge.net/projects/pgtclng/
pq	Go	Pure Go driver for Go's database/sql	https://github.com/lib/pq
psqlODBC	ODBC	ODBC driver	https://odbc.postgresql.org/
psycopg	Python	DB API 2.0-compliant	https://www.psycopg.org/

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