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Wiki / SQLSTATE

42723 — 重复函数（duplicate_function）

同一模式下已存在同名同参数类型的函数。

英文手册覆盖始于 PostgreSQL 8.1. 来源历史与运行验证各自保留独立版本边界。

当前阅读 PG 18·选择有来源记录的版本

8.18.28.38.49.09.19.29.39.49.59.61011121314151617181920
aliases
未知
class name
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
condition name
duplicate_function
lang
en
sqlstate
42723

版本定义 PG 18

42723 — 重复函数（duplicate_function）

速览 {#at-a-glance}

42723 是 duplicate_function（重复函数）：函数定义重复了同一模式、名称和输入参数类型，返回类型不会形成新重载。

含义 {#meaning}

固定目录路径报告 function "%s" already exists with same argument types。检查 pg_proc、pg_get_function_identity_arguments 和返回契约。它是定义冲突，不同于调用阶段候选歧义 42725；自动提交错误后为 IDLE。

诊断 {#diagnosis}

在 pg_proc 中用 pg_get_function_identity_arguments 检查，并明确模式。先判断迁移是要新增输入签名，还是替换自己拥有的函数；返回类型不能改变函数身份。

处理 {#response}

真正不同的 API 使用新的输入签名。只有在有意替换自己拥有的函数且返回契约兼容时才用 CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION；显式事务中的重复定义会使事务进入 INERROR，应先回滚或回到合适的 savepoint 再重试；本案例的自动提交路径回到 IDLE。

实测诊断 {#messages}

pg_proc.c 报文组明确是 ERROR，使用固定主模板，没有 DETAIL/HINT。

代表案例 {#case}

运行器创建 duplicate_function(integer)，重复签名，再有意 CREATE OR REPLACE 并验证返回 2。

CREATE FUNCTION syntax_schema.duplicate_function(integer) RETURNS integer LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT $1';
CREATE FUNCTION syntax_schema.duplicate_function(integer) RETURNS integer LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT $1';
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION syntax_schema.duplicate_function(integer) RETURNS integer LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT $1 + 1';
SELECT syntax_schema.duplicate_function(1);

选定的 18.6 与 10.21 运行均通过 SQLSTATE、严重级别、状态/恢复、修复、清理和一次性实例停止断言。详见 案例 JSON 与 作者证据；私有清单和注册表哈希也记录在其中。

版本 {#versions}

锁定目录从 7.4 存在边界起包含该条件并列出相关快照。选定自然案例已在 PostgreSQL 18.6 与 10.21 通过；这是有界观察，不能推断所有中间版本或所有源码分支。

相关 {#related}

来源 {#sources}

  • src.errcodes.REL_18_6 — fixed definition at 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7; SHA-256 6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba (source).
  • src.duplicate-function.18.6 — src/backend/catalog/pg_proc.c lines 400–403 at 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7; blob SHA-256 77a883995e5fadf17fae68722043beb43115e685e8082b2b7256d92312528a5a (source).
  • src.duplicate-function.10.23 — src/backend/catalog/pg_proc.c lines 398–401 at 02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4; blob SHA-256 96ddd186536c24018d3e29fd7e8f7384543c89ede83c81f673dc013fdd23b0fe (source).
  • src.calls.REL_18_6 / src.calls.REL_10_23 — fixed call scans, SHA-256 9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf / 00d16d3eb01b71ccf1b245c8f3102f9d0ec9f36fb02777b8dd1b99fcb263040c.
  • manifest.42723 / snippet-registry.42723 — hashes are recorded in evidence/42723.json and each runtime record.

比较版本

SQLSTATE 证据与已记录的运行版本

cases · duplicate_function_signature
{
  "assertions": [
    "SQLSTATE is 42723 with the same-argument-types message",
    "The failed autocommit session remains IDLE",
    "CREATE OR REPLACE with the intentional same signature returns the repaired value"
  ],
  "case_id": "duplicate_function_signature",
  "cleanup": "Drop the runner schema and its functions.",
  "has_snippet": true,
  "position": 0,
  "preconditions": [
    "A runner-owned disposable target is provisioned."
  ],
  "repair": "Choose a new signature or use CREATE OR REPLACE only when replacing the owned function is intentional.",
  "trigger": "Create a function and repeat the same name and integer argument signature.",
  "versions": [
    "10",
    "18"
  ]
}
claims · identity.class-and-condition
{
  "claim_id": "identity.class-and-condition",
  "limits": "Identity does not identify every backend call that can reuse this SQLSTATE.",
  "method": "Read fixed errcodes.txt and locked catalogue metadata.",
  "position": 0,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.REL_18_6"
  ],
  "statement": "42723 is the duplicate_function condition in Class 42."
}
claims · mechanism.selected-source-path
{
  "claim_id": "mechanism.selected-source-path",
  "limits": "This is one mechanism boundary, not an exhaustive inventory of the code.",
  "method": "Trace the REL_18_6 and REL_10_23 source-call records at the locked commits.",
  "position": 1,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.duplicate-function.18.6",
    "src.duplicate-function.10.23"
  ],
  "statement": "The selected duplicate_function_signature follows a resolved PostgreSQL source-call group; other branches can use different dynamic fields."
}
claims · runtime.representative-case
{
  "claim_id": "runtime.representative-case",
  "limits": "Scope is limited to these statements, psycopg, and two versions.",
  "method": "Run the shared SQL registry and inspect SQLSTATE, severity, state, repair, cleanup, and target stop.",
  "position": 2,
  "runtime": [
    "runtime.syntax2-42723-latest.latest",
    "runtime.syntax2-42723-pg10.pg10"
  ],
  "sources": [
    "manifest.42723",
    "snippet-registry.42723"
  ],
  "statement": "The selected duplicate_function_signature passed on isolated PostgreSQL 18.6 and 10.21 targets."
}
claims · versions.catalogue-boundary
{
  "claim_id": "versions.catalogue-boundary",
  "limits": "Definition presence is not an exact behavioral introduction; two runtime versions do not prove every intermediate behavior.",
  "method": "Read generated facts, fixed calls, and selected summaries.",
  "position": 3,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.REL_18_6",
    "src.calls.REL_18_6",
    "src.calls.REL_10_23"
  ],
  "statement": "The locked catalogue records 42723 from the 7.4 presence bound through the listed snapshots; runtime scope is 18.6 and 10.21."
}
messages · message.duplicate_function_signature
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.duplicate_function_signature",
  "path": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.duplicate_function_signature",
    "primary_template": "function \"%s\" already exists with same argument types",
    "severity_source": "explicit ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.duplicate-function.18.6",
      "src.duplicate-function.10.23"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "42723"
  },
  "severity": "explicit ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.duplicate-function.18.6",
    "src.duplicate-function.10.23"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "function \" \" already exists with same argument types",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "function \"%s\" already exists with same argument types"
    }
  ]
}
runtimes · runtime.syntax2-42723-latest.latest · 18.6 (Homebrew) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "duplicate_function_signature"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "assertions": [
      {
        "expected": "42723",
        "name": "42723 SQLSTATE",
        "observed": "42723",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "ERROR",
        "name": "42723 ERROR severity",
        "observed": "ERROR",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "function \"duplicate_function\" already exists with same argument types",
        "name": "42723 primary diagnostic",
        "observed": "function \"duplicate_function\" already exists with same argument types",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "IDLE",
        "name": "duplicate function leaves autocommit session usable",
        "observed": "IDLE",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": {
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": 2
        },
        "name": "same signature can be intentionally replaced",
        "observed": {
          "error": true,
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": 2
        },
        "passed": true
      }
    ],
    "case_manifest": {
      "id": "manifest.42723",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42723/cases.json",
      "sha256": "471edc7e2643bd2acbba687dacca1bb43c1cd0c88b38f4f1dc3cfc6f874c955b",
      "source_role": "case_manifest"
    },
    "cases": [
      "duplicate_function_signature"
    ],
    "cleanup": {
      "errors": [],
      "passed": true
    },
    "environment": {
      "TimeZone": "Asia/Shanghai",
      "backend_pid": 30019,
      "binary": {
        "bindir": "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/postgresql@18/18.6/bin",
        "pg_config": "/opt/homebrew/bin/pg_config",
        "pg_config_version": "PostgreSQL 18.6 (Homebrew)",
        "postgres": "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/postgresql@18/18.6/bin/postgres"
      },
      "connection_scope": "runner-owned localhost port",
      "current_user": "runner",
      "docker": {},
      "lc_messages": "C",
      "libpq_version": "18.6",
      "locale": "C.UTF-8",
      "log_destination": "csvlog,jsonlog",
      "log_error_verbosity": "verbose",
      "log_min_error_statement": "error",
      "log_min_messages": "error",
      "logging_collector": "on",
      "machine": "arm64",
      "max_connections": "100",
      "platform": "macOS-26.6.2-arm64-arm-64bit-Mach-O",
      "psycopg_version": "3.3.5",
      "python_version": "3.14.6 (main, Jun 10 2026, 10:03:53) [Clang 21.0.0 (clang-2100.0.123.102)]",
      "server_encoding": "UTF8",
      "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
      "server_version_num": "180006",
      "target_kind": "latest",
      "wal_level": "logical"
    },
    "id": "runtime.syntax2-42723-latest.latest",
    "observed": {
      "connection_autocommit": true,
      "diagnostic": {
        "column_name": null,
        "constraint_name": null,
        "context": null,
        "datatype_name": null,
        "exception_type": "DuplicateFunction",
        "internal_position": null,
        "internal_query": null,
        "message_detail": null,
        "message_hint": null,
        "message_primary": "function \"duplicate_function\" already exists with same argument types",
        "schema_name": null,
        "severity": "ERROR",
        "severity_nonlocalized": "ERROR",
        "source_file": "pg_proc.c",
        "source_function": "ProcedureCreate",
        "source_line": "403",
        "sqlstate": "42723",
        "statement_position": null,
        "table_name": null,
        "text": "function \"duplicate_function\" already exists with same argument types"
      },
      "failed_status": "IDLE",
      "repair_status": "IDLE",
      "repair_value": 2
    },
    "raw": "verify/results/syntax2-42723-latest/latest/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "cb8cc88353fd5c3eec51177ac9d4e9cab389dc4fcb47fda8429a3bb9218374a0",
    "run_id": "syntax2-42723-latest",
    "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
    "server_version_num": 180006,
    "snippet_registry": {
      "id": "snippet-registry.42723",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42723/snippets.json",
      "sha256": "72806aaccc6a475009c12f9618ebf097b3304e0d8aa990c4a28193846600d7f4",
      "source_role": "snippet_registry"
    },
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/syntax2-42723-latest/latest/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "b0d0246767ba1f0ef3ac9c35b16e908cd13627567eb1f3ac2e2c4bdf0ea0eda9",
    "target": "latest",
    "target_stop": {
      "argv": [
        "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/postgresql@18/18.6/bin/pg_ctl",
        "-D",
        "/Users/vonng/pgcenter/err-code/.cache/runtime/syntax2-42723-latest/latest/data",
        "-m",
        "fast",
        "-w",
        "stop"
      ],
      "elapsed_seconds": 0.115,
      "returncode": 0,
      "stderr": "",
      "stdout": "waiting for server to shut down.... done\nserver stopped\n"
    }
  },
  "run_id": "syntax2-42723-latest",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.syntax2-42723-latest.latest",
  "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "latest"
}
runtimes · runtime.syntax2-42723-pg10.pg10 · 10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1) · passed
{
  "cases": [
    "duplicate_function_signature"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "assertions": [
      {
        "expected": "42723",
        "name": "42723 SQLSTATE",
        "observed": "42723",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "ERROR",
        "name": "42723 ERROR severity",
        "observed": "ERROR",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "function \"duplicate_function\" already exists with same argument types",
        "name": "42723 primary diagnostic",
        "observed": "function \"duplicate_function\" already exists with same argument types",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "IDLE",
        "name": "duplicate function leaves autocommit session usable",
        "observed": "IDLE",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": {
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": 2
        },
        "name": "same signature can be intentionally replaced",
        "observed": {
          "error": true,
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": 2
        },
        "passed": true
      }
    ],
    "case_manifest": {
      "id": "manifest.42723",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42723/cases.json",
      "sha256": "471edc7e2643bd2acbba687dacca1bb43c1cd0c88b38f4f1dc3cfc6f874c955b",
      "source_role": "case_manifest"
    },
    "cases": [
      "duplicate_function_signature"
    ],
    "cleanup": {
      "errors": [],
      "passed": true
    },
    "environment": {
      "TimeZone": "Etc/UTC",
      "backend_pid": 79,
      "binary": {},
      "connection_scope": "runner-owned localhost port",
      "current_user": "postgres",
      "docker": {
        "architecture": "arm64",
        "command": "/usr/local/bin/docker",
        "digest": "sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
        "id": "sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
        "image": "postgres:10",
        "image_created": "2022-06-23T09:11:18.374607054Z",
        "image_ref": "postgres@sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
        "log_destination": "csvlog",
        "os": "linux",
        "repo_digests": [
          "postgres@sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc"
        ]
      },
      "lc_messages": "en_US.utf8",
      "libpq_version": "18.6",
      "locale": "C.UTF-8",
      "log_destination": "csvlog",
      "log_error_verbosity": "verbose",
      "log_min_error_statement": "error",
      "log_min_messages": "error",
      "logging_collector": "on",
      "machine": "arm64",
      "max_connections": "100",
      "platform": "macOS-26.6.2-arm64-arm-64bit-Mach-O",
      "psycopg_version": "3.3.5",
      "python_version": "3.14.6 (main, Jun 10 2026, 10:03:53) [Clang 21.0.0 (clang-2100.0.123.102)]",
      "server_encoding": "UTF8",
      "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
      "server_version_num": "100021",
      "target_kind": "pg10",
      "wal_level": "logical"
    },
    "id": "runtime.syntax2-42723-pg10.pg10",
    "observed": {
      "connection_autocommit": true,
      "diagnostic": {
        "column_name": null,
        "constraint_name": null,
        "context": null,
        "datatype_name": null,
        "exception_type": "DuplicateFunction",
        "internal_position": null,
        "internal_query": null,
        "message_detail": null,
        "message_hint": null,
        "message_primary": "function \"duplicate_function\" already exists with same argument types",
        "schema_name": null,
        "severity": "ERROR",
        "severity_nonlocalized": "ERROR",
        "source_file": "pg_proc.c",
        "source_function": "ProcedureCreate",
        "source_line": "401",
        "sqlstate": "42723",
        "statement_position": null,
        "table_name": null,
        "text": "function \"duplicate_function\" already exists with same argument types"
      },
      "failed_status": "IDLE",
      "repair_status": "IDLE",
      "repair_value": 2
    },
    "raw": "verify/results/syntax2-42723-pg10/pg10/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "22ac7673c3fb470961fac05bd26312eb4ab1f348dcbff351889b199f2ee42e17",
    "run_id": "syntax2-42723-pg10",
    "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
    "server_version_num": 100021,
    "snippet_registry": {
      "id": "snippet-registry.42723",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42723/snippets.json",
      "sha256": "72806aaccc6a475009c12f9618ebf097b3304e0d8aa990c4a28193846600d7f4",
      "source_role": "snippet_registry"
    },
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/syntax2-42723-pg10/pg10/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "e1c96a32180dda5bcbabd08aa2dca35d2d0b1d74e235c4d1ef9497f7963bbd13",
    "target": "pg10",
    "target_stop": {
      "cleanup": {
        "argv": [
          "/usr/local/bin/docker",
          "rm",
          "-f",
          "-v",
          "sqlstate42723_syntax242723pg10_pg10"
        ],
        "elapsed_seconds": 0.272,
        "returncode": 0,
        "stderr": "",
        "stdout": "sqlstate42723_syntax242723pg10_pg10\n"
      },
      "inspect": {
        "argv": [
          "/usr/local/bin/docker",
          "inspect",
          "sqlstate42723_syntax242723pg10_pg10"
        ],
        "elapsed_seconds": 0.018,
        "returncode": 0,
        "stderr": "",
        "stdout": "[\n    {\n        \"Id\": \"834f76dd12307a18cc5b2c50c8276ec3917db756fefe13081d12a9e0f9bb8b5f\",\n        \"Created\": \"2026-09-09T16:40:09.036408095Z\",\n        \"Path\": \"docker-entrypoint.sh\",\n        \"Args\": [\n            \"postgres\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"listen_addresses=*\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_destination=csvlog\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"logging_collector=on\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_directory=log\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_filename=postgresql-%Y%m%d%H%M%S.log\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_min_messages=error\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_min_error_statement=error\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"log_error_verbosity=verbose\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"wal_level=logical\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"max_wal_senders=10\",\n            \"-c\",\n            \"max_replication_slots=10\"\n        ],\n        \"State\": {\n       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sources · src.errcodes.REL_18_6
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sources · src.calls.REL_18_6
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sources · src.calls.REL_10_23
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sources · src.duplicate-function.18.6
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sources · src.duplicate-function.10.23
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sources · manifest.42723
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sources · snippet-registry.42723
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}

来源引用

完整定义与证据 JSON

定义来源

center · PostgreSQL 18 · english-manuals:81553274e76faa54ab6ad77627efbb5517ec4d4a4c48197c0425c5a4fe32b5a3

正文语言: zh-Hans · english-manuals:81553274e76faa54ab6ad77627efbb5517ec4d4a4c48197c0425c5a4fe32b5a3