42723 — Duplicate function

42723 is duplicate_function: a function definition repeats the same schema, name, and input argument types. Output types do not create another overload.

English manual coverage begins with PostgreSQL 8.1. Source history and runtime observations have their own recorded version boundaries.

Reading PG 18·Select a recorded version

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

aliases: Unknown
class name: Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
condition name: duplicate_function
lang: en
sqlstate: 42723

Definition PG 18

42723 — Duplicate function

At a glance {#at-a-glance}

42723 is duplicate_function: a function definition repeats the same schema, name, and input argument types. Output types do not create another overload.

Meaning {#meaning}

The fixed catalog path reports function "%s" already exists with same argument types. Inspect pg_proc, pg_get_function_identity_arguments, and the result contract. This is a definition collision, unlike 42725, which occurs when call resolution has multiple candidates; the selected autocommit error leaves IDLE.

Diagnosis {#diagnosis}

Inspect pg_proc with pg_get_function_identity_arguments and make the schema explicit. Decide whether the migration intends a new input signature or replacement of an owned function; output types do not disambiguate identity.

Response {#response}

Use a new input signature for a genuinely different API. Use CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION only when replacing the owned function is intentional and its return contract stays compatible; it is not a safe input-type migration. In an explicit transaction, the duplicate definition leaves INERROR; roll back or return to a suitable savepoint before retrying. The selected autocommit path returns to IDLE.

Observed diagnostics {#messages}

The pg_proc.c group is explicit ERROR with the fixed primary template and no detail or hint.

Representative case {#case}

The runner creates duplicate_function(integer), repeats that signature, then deliberately uses CREATE OR REPLACE and verifies the result 2.

CREATE FUNCTION syntax_schema.duplicate_function(integer) RETURNS integer LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT $1';
CREATE FUNCTION syntax_schema.duplicate_function(integer) RETURNS integer LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT $1';
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION syntax_schema.duplicate_function(integer) RETURNS integer LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT $1 + 1';
SELECT syntax_schema.duplicate_function(1);

The selected 18.6 and 10.21 runs passed SQLSTATE, severity, state/recovery, repair, cleanup, and isolated-target stop assertions. See case JSON and authored evidence; private manifest and registry hashes are recorded there.

Versions {#versions}

The locked catalogue contains this condition from the 7.4 presence bound through the listed snapshots. The selected natural case passed on PostgreSQL 18.6 and 10.21; that bounded result does not infer every intermediate release or every source branch.

Related {#related}

Sources {#sources}

src.errcodes.REL_18_6 — fixed definition at 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7; SHA-256 6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba (source).
src.duplicate-function.18.6 — src/backend/catalog/pg_proc.c lines 400–403 at 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7; blob SHA-256 77a883995e5fadf17fae68722043beb43115e685e8082b2b7256d92312528a5a (source).
src.duplicate-function.10.23 — src/backend/catalog/pg_proc.c lines 398–401 at 02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4; blob SHA-256 96ddd186536c24018d3e29fd7e8f7384543c89ede83c81f673dc013fdd23b0fe (source).
src.calls.REL_18_6 / src.calls.REL_10_23 — fixed call scans, SHA-256 9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf / 00d16d3eb01b71ccf1b245c8f3102f9d0ec9f36fb02777b8dd1b99fcb263040c.
manifest.42723 / snippet-registry.42723 — hashes are recorded in evidence/42723.json and each runtime record.

Compare versions

SQLSTATE evidence and recorded runtime versions

cases · duplicate_function_signature

{
  "assertions": [
    "SQLSTATE is 42723 with the same-argument-types message",
    "The failed autocommit session remains IDLE",
    "CREATE OR REPLACE with the intentional same signature returns the repaired value"
  ],
  "case_id": "duplicate_function_signature",
  "cleanup": "Drop the runner schema and its functions.",
  "has_snippet": true,
  "position": 0,
  "preconditions": [
    "A runner-owned disposable target is provisioned."
  ],
  "repair": "Choose a new signature or use CREATE OR REPLACE only when replacing the owned function is intentional.",
  "trigger": "Create a function and repeat the same name and integer argument signature.",
  "versions": [
    "10",
    "18"
  ]
}

claims · identity.class-and-condition

{
  "claim_id": "identity.class-and-condition",
  "limits": "Identity does not identify every backend call that can reuse this SQLSTATE.",
  "method": "Read fixed errcodes.txt and locked catalogue metadata.",
  "position": 0,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.REL_18_6"
  ],
  "statement": "42723 is the duplicate_function condition in Class 42."
}

claims · mechanism.selected-source-path

{
  "claim_id": "mechanism.selected-source-path",
  "limits": "This is one mechanism boundary, not an exhaustive inventory of the code.",
  "method": "Trace the REL_18_6 and REL_10_23 source-call records at the locked commits.",
  "position": 1,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.duplicate-function.18.6",
    "src.duplicate-function.10.23"
  ],
  "statement": "The selected duplicate_function_signature follows a resolved PostgreSQL source-call group; other branches can use different dynamic fields."
}

claims · runtime.representative-case

{
  "claim_id": "runtime.representative-case",
  "limits": "Scope is limited to these statements, psycopg, and two versions.",
  "method": "Run the shared SQL registry and inspect SQLSTATE, severity, state, repair, cleanup, and target stop.",
  "position": 2,
  "runtime": [
    "runtime.syntax2-42723-latest.latest",
    "runtime.syntax2-42723-pg10.pg10"
  ],
  "sources": [
    "manifest.42723",
    "snippet-registry.42723"
  ],
  "statement": "The selected duplicate_function_signature passed on isolated PostgreSQL 18.6 and 10.21 targets."
}

claims · versions.catalogue-boundary

{
  "claim_id": "versions.catalogue-boundary",
  "limits": "Definition presence is not an exact behavioral introduction; two runtime versions do not prove every intermediate behavior.",
  "method": "Read generated facts, fixed calls, and selected summaries.",
  "position": 3,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.REL_18_6",
    "src.calls.REL_18_6",
    "src.calls.REL_10_23"
  ],
  "statement": "The locked catalogue records 42723 from the 7.4 presence bound through the listed snapshots; runtime scope is 18.6 and 10.21."
}

messages · message.duplicate_function_signature

{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.duplicate_function_signature",
  "path": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.duplicate_function_signature",
    "primary_template": "function \"%s\" already exists with same argument types",
    "severity_source": "explicit ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.duplicate-function.18.6",
      "src.duplicate-function.10.23"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "42723"
  },
  "severity": "explicit ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.duplicate-function.18.6",
    "src.duplicate-function.10.23"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "function \" \" already exists with same argument types",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "function \"%s\" already exists with same argument types"
    }
  ]
}

runtimes · runtime.syntax2-42723-latest.latest · 18.6 (Homebrew) · passed

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  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
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        "expected": "42723",
        "name": "42723 SQLSTATE",
        "observed": "42723",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "ERROR",
        "name": "42723 ERROR severity",
        "observed": "ERROR",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "function \"duplicate_function\" already exists with same argument types",
        "name": "42723 primary diagnostic",
        "observed": "function \"duplicate_function\" already exists with same argument types",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "IDLE",
        "name": "duplicate function leaves autocommit session usable",
        "observed": "IDLE",
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        "expected": {
          "status": "IDLE",
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        "name": "same signature can be intentionally replaced",
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          "error": true,
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": 2
        },
        "passed": true
      }
    ],
    "case_manifest": {
      "id": "manifest.42723",
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      "path": "verify/cases/42723/cases.json",
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      "docker": {},
      "lc_messages": "C",
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        "message_detail": null,
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        "message_primary": "function \"duplicate_function\" already exists with same argument types",
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        "source_file": "pg_proc.c",
        "source_function": "ProcedureCreate",
        "source_line": "403",
        "sqlstate": "42723",
        "statement_position": null,
        "table_name": null,
        "text": "function \"duplicate_function\" already exists with same argument types"
      },
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      "repair_value": 2
    },
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    "run_id": "syntax2-42723-latest",
    "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
    "server_version_num": 180006,
    "snippet_registry": {
      "id": "snippet-registry.42723",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42723/snippets.json",
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      "source_role": "snippet_registry"
    },
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/syntax2-42723-latest/latest/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "b0d0246767ba1f0ef3ac9c35b16e908cd13627567eb1f3ac2e2c4bdf0ea0eda9",
    "target": "latest",
    "target_stop": {
      "argv": [
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        "-D",
        "/Users/vonng/pgcenter/err-code/.cache/runtime/syntax2-42723-latest/latest/data",
        "-m",
        "fast",
        "-w",
        "stop"
      ],
      "elapsed_seconds": 0.115,
      "returncode": 0,
      "stderr": "",
      "stdout": "waiting for server to shut down.... done\nserver stopped\n"
    }
  },
  "run_id": "syntax2-42723-latest",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.syntax2-42723-latest.latest",
  "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "latest"
}

runtimes · runtime.syntax2-42723-pg10.pg10 · 10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1) · passed

{
  "cases": [
    "duplicate_function_signature"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "assertions": [
      {
        "expected": "42723",
        "name": "42723 SQLSTATE",
        "observed": "42723",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "ERROR",
        "name": "42723 ERROR severity",
        "observed": "ERROR",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "function \"duplicate_function\" already exists with same argument types",
        "name": "42723 primary diagnostic",
        "observed": "function \"duplicate_function\" already exists with same argument types",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "IDLE",
        "name": "duplicate function leaves autocommit session usable",
        "observed": "IDLE",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": {
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": 2
        },
        "name": "same signature can be intentionally replaced",
        "observed": {
          "error": true,
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": 2
        },
        "passed": true
      }
    ],
    "case_manifest": {
      "id": "manifest.42723",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42723/cases.json",
      "sha256": "471edc7e2643bd2acbba687dacca1bb43c1cd0c88b38f4f1dc3cfc6f874c955b",
      "source_role": "case_manifest"
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    ],
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    },
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      "docker": {
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        "exception_type": "DuplicateFunction",
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        "message_hint": null,
        "message_primary": "function \"duplicate_function\" already exists with same argument types",
        "schema_name": null,
        "severity": "ERROR",
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        "statement_position": null,
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      "repair_status": "IDLE",
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    "run_id": "syntax2-42723-pg10",
    "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
    "server_version_num": 100021,
    "snippet_registry": {
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    "summary": "verify/results/syntax2-42723-pg10/pg10/summary.json",
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    "target": "pg10",
    "target_stop": {
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        ],
        "elapsed_seconds": 0.272,
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        "stderr": "",
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      },
      "inspect": {
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        ],
        "elapsed_seconds": 0.018,
        "returncode": 0,
        "stderr": "",
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  "runtime_id": "runtime.syntax2-42723-pg10.pg10",
  "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "pg10"
}

sources · src.errcodes.REL_18_6

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sources · src.calls.REL_18_6

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sources · src.calls.REL_10_23

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sources · src.duplicate-function.18.6

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sources · src.duplicate-function.10.23

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sources · manifest.42723

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sources · snippet-registry.42723

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}

Source references

Original manual reference

Full definition and evidence JSON

Definition sources

center · PostgreSQL 18 · english-manuals:81553274e76faa54ab6ad77627efbb5517ec4d4a4c48197c0425c5a4fe32b5a3

Text language: en · english-manuals:81553274e76faa54ab6ad77627efbb5517ec4d4a4c48197c0425c5a4fe32b5a3