42725 — Ambiguous function

42725 is ambiguous_function: lookup found multiple viable candidates but no best one. The case defines uuid and jsonb overloads and passes an unknown string literal.

English manual coverage begins with PostgreSQL 8.1. Source history and runtime observations have their own recorded version boundaries.

Reading PG 18·Select a recorded version

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

aliases: Unknown
class name: Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
condition name: ambiguous_function
lang: en
sqlstate: 42725

Definition PG 18

42725 — Ambiguous function

At a glance {#at-a-glance}

42725 is ambiguous_function: lookup found multiple viable candidates but no best one. The case defines uuid and jsonb overloads and passes an unknown string literal.

Meaning {#meaning}

Overload resolution considers literal type, casts, schema visibility, and signatures. With an unknown literal both candidates remain viable, so the parser reports function %s is not unique; this differs from 42723 (definition collision) and 42883 (no candidate). Inspect visible pg_proc rows and argument types.

Diagnosis {#diagnosis}

List visible candidates in pg_proc, including their identity arguments and input types, and inspect the inferred type of each literal. Schema qualification narrows visibility but does not choose between overloads.

Response {#response}

Cast to the type that matches the business meaning or remove an unintended overload. ::uuid selects the UUID overload here. Do not add casts merely to silence an error: they can change validation and overload behavior. In an explicit transaction, the ambiguity leaves INERROR; roll back or return to a suitable savepoint before retrying. The selected autocommit session remains IDLE.

Observed diagnostics {#messages}

The fixed parser group is explicit ERROR: function %s is not unique, with the hint Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.

Representative case {#case}

The registry creates both overloads, triggers with the unknown literal, then repeats the call with an explicit UUID cast and asserts the result.

CREATE FUNCTION syntax_schema.ambiguous_function(uuid) RETURNS text LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT ''uuid''';
CREATE FUNCTION syntax_schema.ambiguous_function(jsonb) RETURNS text LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT ''jsonb''';
SELECT syntax_schema.ambiguous_function('123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000');
SELECT syntax_schema.ambiguous_function('123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000'::uuid);

The selected 18.6 and 10.21 runs passed SQLSTATE, severity, state/recovery, repair, cleanup, and isolated-target stop assertions. See case JSON and authored evidence; private manifest and registry hashes are recorded there.

Versions {#versions}

The locked catalogue contains this condition from the 7.4 presence bound through the listed snapshots. The selected natural case passed on PostgreSQL 18.6 and 10.21; that bounded result does not infer every intermediate release or every source branch.

Related {#related}

Sources {#sources}

src.errcodes.REL_18_6 — fixed definition at 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7; SHA-256 6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba (source).
src.ambiguous-function.18.6 — src/backend/parser/parse_func.c lines 570–577 at 724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7; blob SHA-256 48314eab022297478ac4e49786afaff2621ab7b1d7b50e156668cf477961384f (source).
src.ambiguous-function.10.23 — src/backend/parser/parse_func.c lines 499–506 at 02991e79f8f58bc208f05dcc8af0c62dbe0a6ea4; blob SHA-256 f1b4af88565ca01dbad2b244cd26b42f34764b3f1343b22a9231e271fb0742f2 (source).
src.calls.REL_18_6 / src.calls.REL_10_23 — fixed call scans, SHA-256 9ee8a0e81d8f0825c5c1ae45583439859a26e602bdd4ce2f2a62aa278867ccbf / 00d16d3eb01b71ccf1b245c8f3102f9d0ec9f36fb02777b8dd1b99fcb263040c.
manifest.42725 / snippet-registry.42725 — hashes are recorded in evidence/42725.json and each runtime record.

Compare versions

SQLSTATE evidence and recorded runtime versions

cases · ambiguous_function_call

{
  "assertions": [
    "SQLSTATE is 42725 and the diagnostic identifies ambiguous_function(unknown)",
    "The hint requests explicit type casts and the session remains IDLE",
    "An explicit uuid cast selects the intended overload"
  ],
  "case_id": "ambiguous_function_call",
  "cleanup": "Drop the runner schema and its overloads.",
  "has_snippet": true,
  "position": 0,
  "preconditions": [
    "A runner-owned disposable target is provisioned."
  ],
  "repair": "Cast the input to the intended type or remove the overload ambiguity; do not guess from a function name alone.",
  "trigger": "Call two uuid/jsonb overloads with an unknown string literal.",
  "versions": [
    "10",
    "18"
  ]
}

claims · identity.class-and-condition

{
  "claim_id": "identity.class-and-condition",
  "limits": "Identity does not identify every backend call that can reuse this SQLSTATE.",
  "method": "Read fixed errcodes.txt and locked catalogue metadata.",
  "position": 0,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.REL_18_6"
  ],
  "statement": "42725 is the ambiguous_function condition in Class 42."
}

claims · mechanism.selected-source-path

{
  "claim_id": "mechanism.selected-source-path",
  "limits": "This is one mechanism boundary, not an exhaustive inventory of the code.",
  "method": "Trace the REL_18_6 and REL_10_23 source-call records at the locked commits.",
  "position": 1,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.ambiguous-function.18.6",
    "src.ambiguous-function.10.23"
  ],
  "statement": "The selected ambiguous_function_call follows a resolved PostgreSQL source-call group; other branches can use different dynamic fields."
}

claims · runtime.representative-case

{
  "claim_id": "runtime.representative-case",
  "limits": "Scope is limited to these statements, psycopg, and two versions.",
  "method": "Run the shared SQL registry and inspect SQLSTATE, severity, state, repair, cleanup, and target stop.",
  "position": 2,
  "runtime": [
    "runtime.syntax2-42725-latest.latest",
    "runtime.syntax2-42725-pg10.pg10"
  ],
  "sources": [
    "manifest.42725",
    "snippet-registry.42725"
  ],
  "statement": "The selected ambiguous_function_call passed on isolated PostgreSQL 18.6 and 10.21 targets."
}

claims · versions.catalogue-boundary

{
  "claim_id": "versions.catalogue-boundary",
  "limits": "Definition presence is not an exact behavioral introduction; two runtime versions do not prove every intermediate behavior.",
  "method": "Read generated facts, fixed calls, and selected summaries.",
  "position": 3,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.REL_18_6",
    "src.calls.REL_18_6",
    "src.calls.REL_10_23"
  ],
  "statement": "The locked catalogue records 42725 from the 7.4 presence bound through the listed snapshots; runtime scope is 18.6 and 10.21."
}

messages · message.ambiguous_function_call

{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.ambiguous_function_call",
  "path": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "hint_template": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.",
    "id": "message.ambiguous_function_call",
    "primary_template": "function %s is not unique",
    "severity_source": "explicit ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.ambiguous-function.18.6",
      "src.ambiguous-function.10.23"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "42725"
  },
  "severity": "explicit ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.ambiguous-function.18.6",
    "src.ambiguous-function.10.23"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "function is not unique",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "function %s is not unique"
    },
    {
      "kind": "hint",
      "literal": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.",
      "position": 1,
      "role": "",
      "template": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts."
    }
  ]
}

runtimes · runtime.syntax2-42725-latest.latest · 18.6 (Homebrew) · passed

{
  "cases": [
    "ambiguous_function_call"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "assertions": [
      {
        "expected": "42725",
        "name": "42725 SQLSTATE",
        "observed": "42725",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "ERROR",
        "name": "42725 ERROR severity",
        "observed": "ERROR",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "ambiguous_function(unknown) is not unique",
        "name": "ambiguous function diagnostic names the unresolved signature",
        "observed": "function c42725_ambiguous_function_call.ambiguous_function(unknown) is not unique",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "IDLE",
        "name": "ambiguous function leaves autocommit session usable",
        "observed": "IDLE",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.",
        "name": "parser hint recommends explicit type casts",
        "observed": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": {
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": "uuid"
        },
        "name": "explicit uuid cast selects one overload",
        "observed": {
          "error": true,
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": "uuid"
        },
        "passed": true
      }
    ],
    "case_manifest": {
      "id": "manifest.42725",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42725/cases.json",
      "sha256": "f30aa7905019f99f891ca5dfd53a4c5439f5d363ac7ba6f21cca51decfa78608",
      "source_role": "case_manifest"
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    "environment": {
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        "pg_config_version": "PostgreSQL 18.6 (Homebrew)",
        "postgres": "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/postgresql@18/18.6/bin/postgres"
      },
      "connection_scope": "runner-owned localhost port",
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      "lc_messages": "C",
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      "server_version_num": "180006",
      "target_kind": "latest",
      "wal_level": "logical"
    },
    "id": "runtime.syntax2-42725-latest.latest",
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        "context": null,
        "datatype_name": null,
        "exception_type": "AmbiguousFunction",
        "internal_position": null,
        "internal_query": null,
        "message_detail": null,
        "message_hint": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.",
        "message_primary": "function c42725_ambiguous_function_call.ambiguous_function(unknown) is not unique",
        "schema_name": null,
        "severity": "ERROR",
        "severity_nonlocalized": "ERROR",
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        "source_function": "ParseFuncOrColumn",
        "source_line": "577",
        "sqlstate": "42725",
        "statement_position": "8",
        "table_name": null,
        "text": "function c42725_ambiguous_function_call.ambiguous_function(unknown) is not unique\nLINE 1: SELECT \"c42725_ambiguous_function_call\".ambiguous_function('...\n               ^\nHINT:  Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts."
      },
      "failed_status": "IDLE",
      "repair_status": "IDLE",
      "repair_value": "uuid"
    },
    "raw": "verify/results/syntax2-42725-latest/latest/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "aae6af67eb1179d5ff825e266a25ff9fbed2d984150a88761130d6519d3e25d9",
    "run_id": "syntax2-42725-latest",
    "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
    "server_version_num": 180006,
    "snippet_registry": {
      "id": "snippet-registry.42725",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42725/snippets.json",
      "sha256": "12b590e1d121cc121cf707657e48cbf4a07cbe63cce30780fc3c05043c3a892d",
      "source_role": "snippet_registry"
    },
    "status": "passed",
    "summary": "verify/results/syntax2-42725-latest/latest/summary.json",
    "summary_sha256": "7eb983d101b26523ccf85e3f7522493a616cefa46476754f66cd9286b503bc83",
    "target": "latest",
    "target_stop": {
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        "-D",
        "/Users/vonng/pgcenter/err-code/.cache/runtime/syntax2-42725-latest/latest/data",
        "-m",
        "fast",
        "-w",
        "stop"
      ],
      "elapsed_seconds": 0.115,
      "returncode": 0,
      "stderr": "",
      "stdout": "waiting for server to shut down.... done\nserver stopped\n"
    }
  },
  "run_id": "syntax2-42725-latest",
  "runtime_id": "runtime.syntax2-42725-latest.latest",
  "server_version": "18.6 (Homebrew)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "latest"
}

runtimes · runtime.syntax2-42725-pg10.pg10 · 10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1) · passed

{
  "cases": [
    "ambiguous_function_call"
  ],
  "limits": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "assertions": [
      {
        "expected": "42725",
        "name": "42725 SQLSTATE",
        "observed": "42725",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "ERROR",
        "name": "42725 ERROR severity",
        "observed": "ERROR",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "ambiguous_function(unknown) is not unique",
        "name": "ambiguous function diagnostic names the unresolved signature",
        "observed": "function c42725_ambiguous_function_call.ambiguous_function(unknown) is not unique",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "IDLE",
        "name": "ambiguous function leaves autocommit session usable",
        "observed": "IDLE",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.",
        "name": "parser hint recommends explicit type casts",
        "observed": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.",
        "passed": true
      },
      {
        "expected": {
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": "uuid"
        },
        "name": "explicit uuid cast selects one overload",
        "observed": {
          "error": true,
          "status": "IDLE",
          "value": "uuid"
        },
        "passed": true
      }
    ],
    "case_manifest": {
      "id": "manifest.42725",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42725/cases.json",
      "sha256": "f30aa7905019f99f891ca5dfd53a4c5439f5d363ac7ba6f21cca51decfa78608",
      "source_role": "case_manifest"
    },
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      "ambiguous_function_call"
    ],
    "cleanup": {
      "errors": [],
      "passed": true
    },
    "environment": {
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      "backend_pid": 80,
      "binary": {},
      "connection_scope": "runner-owned localhost port",
      "current_user": "postgres",
      "docker": {
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        "digest": "sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
        "id": "sha256:b2baf8998630663d21370da06387c950e587071bdd307ee34e661cdcc7442bcc",
        "image": "postgres:10",
        "image_created": "2022-06-23T09:11:18.374607054Z",
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        "datatype_name": null,
        "exception_type": "AmbiguousFunction",
        "internal_position": null,
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        "message_detail": null,
        "message_hint": "Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.",
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        "schema_name": null,
        "severity": "ERROR",
        "severity_nonlocalized": "ERROR",
        "source_file": "parse_func.c",
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        "source_line": "506",
        "sqlstate": "42725",
        "statement_position": "8",
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        "text": "function c42725_ambiguous_function_call.ambiguous_function(unknown) is not unique\nLINE 1: SELECT \"c42725_ambiguous_function_call\".ambiguous_function('...\n               ^\nHINT:  Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts."
      },
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      "repair_status": "IDLE",
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    },
    "raw": "verify/results/syntax2-42725-pg10/pg10/raw.jsonl",
    "raw_sha256": "3c040a2678f73c59608904f5ec16e4e4724eabb2d889d95771399e66d97d5dcc",
    "run_id": "syntax2-42725-pg10",
    "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
    "server_version_num": 100021,
    "snippet_registry": {
      "id": "snippet-registry.42725",
      "kind": "local_artifact",
      "path": "verify/cases/42725/snippets.json",
      "sha256": "12b590e1d121cc121cf707657e48cbf4a07cbe63cce30780fc3c05043c3a892d",
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    "status": "passed",
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    "summary_sha256": "fd06bb75895662d5ff912d53d42ece8e73a183c5722d9aaf74a48c69d2fe1482",
    "target": "pg10",
    "target_stop": {
      "cleanup": {
        "argv": [
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        "elapsed_seconds": 0.293,
        "returncode": 0,
        "stderr": "",
        "stdout": "sqlstate42725_syntax242725pg10_pg10\n"
      },
      "inspect": {
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        "elapsed_seconds": 0.02,
        "returncode": 0,
        "stderr": "",
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  "runtime_id": "runtime.syntax2-42725-pg10.pg10",
  "server_version": "10.21 (Debian 10.21-1.pgdg90+1)",
  "status": "passed",
  "target": "pg10"
}

sources · src.errcodes.REL_18_6

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sources · src.calls.REL_18_6

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sources · src.calls.REL_10_23

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sources · src.ambiguous-function.18.6

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sources · src.ambiguous-function.10.23

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sources · manifest.42725

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sources · snippet-registry.42725

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}

Source references

Original manual reference

Full definition and evidence JSON

Definition sources

center · PostgreSQL 18 · english-manuals:d80c2ae458f55607cd7dfe6dd15f926fbbb0116befa275d79b317bb1d06e976f

Text language: en · english-manuals:d80c2ae458f55607cd7dfe6dd15f926fbbb0116befa275d79b317bb1d06e976f