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Wiki / SQLSTATE

58000 — system_error

外部系统调用失败，如发送信号返回错误。

英文手册覆盖始于 PostgreSQL 8.1. 来源历史与运行验证各自保留独立版本边界。

当前阅读 PG 18·选择有来源记录的版本

9.29.39.49.59.61011121314151617181920
aliases
未知
class name
System Error (errors external to PostgreSQL itself)
condition name
system_error
lang
en
sqlstate
58000

版本定义 PG 18

58000

速览 {#at-a-glance}

58000 是 system-error 条件。在固定 backend 路径中，pg_promote 创建 promotion signal 文件后调用 kill(PostmasterPid, SIGUSR1)；信号发送失败时以 ERROR 报告，并把操作系统的 %m 文本展开到消息中。

含义 {#meaning}

代表性 backend primary 是 failed to send signal to postmaster: %m。代码在报告 ERROR 前先删除 promotion signal 文件，所以这里是 postmaster 通知路径中的系统调用失败，不是用户值或 SQL 语法错误。共享的 common/exec.c 使用 log_error 宏，并有两个编译时分支：非 FRONTEND 构建展开为 ereport(LOG, (errcodefn, errmsg_internal(...)))；FRONTEND 构建忽略 errcode() 参数，把格式化文本写到 stderr。因此 frontend 工具消息不能证明存在客户端协议 58000 诊断，也不能证明客户端事务已回滚。common/logging.h 中独立的 pg_log_error 宏才映射到 PG_LOG_ERROR，但 pclose_check() 并不调用它。

消息 {#messages}

  • backend pg_promote 信号路径：primary 为 failed to send signal to postmaster: %m，severity 为 ERROR；展开文本取决于失败 kill() 调用当时的 OS errno。
  • 共享的 pclose_check() 源码：调用点模板是 %s() failed: %m；对 pclose() 会展开为 pclose() failed: <OS 文本>。非 FRONTEND 构建经 ereport(LOG) 携带传入的 ERRCODE_SYSTEM_ERROR；FRONTEND 构建忽略该 code、直接写 stderr，因此不是客户端协议 58000 路径。

诊断 {#diagnosis}

保留 %m 展开后的完整 primary、操作类型（promotion signal、pclose 或其他系统 helper）、进程身份及服务器或工具日志上下文。对 backend pg_promote，检查 postmaster PID、信号权限/进程存活状态和 OS 错误。没有实际 errno 时，不要把系统错误替换成笼统的磁盘、权限或进程诊断；单凭 SQLSTATE 也不能判断事务结果。

处理 {#response}

先修正展开消息所指出的操作系统条件，再确认 postmaster/服务器健康后重试。backend ERROR 通常会使当前显式事务进入错误状态，继续前先执行 ROLLBACK 或 ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT；autocommit 下也应在原因修正后再重试。pclose_check 的 frontend 日志由工具自身控制流处理，不应据此要求 SQL 回滚。若连接已断开，待服务器 ready 后重连并核对业务效果。

版本 {#versions}

锁定目录从 9.2.0 记录此条件；该目录边界不等于精确实现引入版本。固定源码覆盖 PostgreSQL 18.6。

相关 {#related}

57P01、57P02、XX000

来源 {#sources}

src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c#L702-708

src/common/exec.c#L52-70

src/common/exec.c#L391-412

src/include/common/logging.h#L106-110

结构化证据记录保存 backend 与 frontend/common 消息边界。

比较版本

SQLSTATE 证据与已记录的运行版本

claims · identity
{
  "claim_id": "identity",
  "limits": "",
  "method": "Read fixed definition.",
  "position": 0,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "58000 is system_error in SQLSTATE Class 58."
}
claims · resolved-paths
{
  "claim_id": "resolved-paths",
  "limits": "Source confirmation is not natural runtime.",
  "method": "Read the complete backend call site, common exec macro definition/call site, and logging macro definitions.",
  "position": 1,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.path.0",
    "src.path.1",
    "src.path.2",
    "src.path.3"
  ],
  "statement": "The fixed backend pg_promote path reports ERROR with ERRCODE_SYSTEM_ERROR; the shared pclose_check source has separate non-FRONTEND ereport(LOG) and FRONTEND stderr macro branches, so frontend output is not asserted as a client-protocol 58000 response."
}
claims · history
{
  "claim_id": "history",
  "limits": "",
  "method": "Use catalogue boundary.",
  "position": 2,
  "runtime": [],
  "sources": [
    "src.errcodes.18.6"
  ],
  "statement": "The locked catalogue records 58000 from 9.2.0; that boundary does not prove exact implementation introduction."
}
messages · message.0
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.0",
  "path": "",
  "position": 0,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.0",
    "primary_template": "failed to send signal to postmaster: %m",
    "severity_source": "ERROR",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.0"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "58000"
  },
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.0"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "failed to send signal to postmaster:",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "failed to send signal to postmaster: %m"
    }
  ]
}
messages · message.1
{
  "limits": "",
  "message_id": "message.1",
  "path": "",
  "position": 1,
  "raw": {
    "id": "message.1",
    "primary_template": "%s() failed: %m",
    "severity_source": "non-FRONTEND: ereport(LOG) with ERRCODE_SYSTEM_ERROR; FRONTEND: log_error ignores errcodefn and prints to stderr (no backend SQLSTATE protocol)",
    "sources": [
      "src.path.1",
      "src.path.3"
    ],
    "sqlstate": "58000"
  },
  "severity": "non-FRONTEND: ereport(LOG) with ERRCODE_SYSTEM_ERROR; FRONTEND: log_error ignores errcodefn and prints to stderr (no backend SQLSTATE protocol)",
  "sources": [
    "src.path.1",
    "src.path.3"
  ],
  "templates": [
    {
      "kind": "primary",
      "literal": "() failed:",
      "position": 0,
      "role": "",
      "template": "%s() failed: %m"
    }
  ]
}
sources · src.errcodes.18.6
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt",
  "position": 0,
  "sha256": "6e8de346643ba84aa3c9c6a73360acfc7b2dfb89162c06c08ce9bf5bcd5bbcba",
  "source_id": "src.errcodes.18.6",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt#L444"
}
sources · src.path.0
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c",
  "position": 1,
  "sha256": "6373dff222519c8544541eb120eb6e1f3c921d0b7bb2293689c4e5f98b9d41d0",
  "source_id": "src.path.0",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c#L706"
}
sources · src.path.1
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/common/exec.c",
  "position": 2,
  "sha256": "b39dfdb5574510a25441da87c413ea4c4df90188e5666c2d218345e05cc70831",
  "source_id": "src.path.1",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/common/exec.c#L391"
}
sources · src.path.2
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/include/common/logging.h",
  "position": 3,
  "sha256": "ca990bba3381d3810e5e031eb33658e1d48a3654f2cbae3ae5e3c9d4c727b787",
  "source_id": "src.path.2",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/include/common/logging.h#L106"
}
sources · src.path.3
{
  "commit": "724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7",
  "docs_url": "",
  "kind": "upstream_source",
  "location": "",
  "path": "src/common/exec.c",
  "position": 4,
  "sha256": "b39dfdb5574510a25441da87c413ea4c4df90188e5666c2d218345e05cc70831",
  "source_id": "src.path.3",
  "tag": "REL_18_6",
  "url": "https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/724edf9bde9d356724ad384a2e196edc3c9f80f7/src/common/exec.c#L52"
}

来源引用

完整定义与证据 JSON

定义来源

center · PostgreSQL 18 · english-manuals:96baad059338afd65de693238551af02f13c0355a81ed17625d1c6a7826eb639

正文语言: zh-Hans · english-manuals:96baad059338afd65de693238551af02f13c0355a81ed17625d1c6a7826eb639